Serum Malondialdehyde-Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein as a Risk Marker for Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Study Protocol
2.2. Assessment of Anthropometric Parameters
2.3. Laboratory Investigations
2.4. Evaluation of Blood Pressure and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | All Participants (n = 100) | baPWV ≤ 18 m/s Group (n = 48) | baPWV > 18 m/s Group (n = 52) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 63.84 ± 13.51 | 57.94 ± 13.35 | 67.37 ± 12.11 | <0.001 * |
HD duration (months) | 55.92 (21.96–123.60) | 55.44 (19.44–132.00) | 56.16 (24.42–112.62) | 0.992 |
Height (cm) | 160.70 ± 7.43 | 162.09 ± 9.19 | 159.47 ± 5.21 | 0.079 |
Pre-HD body weight (kg) | 63.52 ± 15.13 | 66.37 ± 16.16 | 60.89 ± 13.74 | 0.070 |
Post-HD body weight (kg) | 61.36 ± 14.68 | 64.05 ± 15.76 | 58.88 ± 13.29 | 0.079 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.49 ± 5.20 | 25.16 ± 5.73 | 23.90 ± 4.66 | 0.226 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 90.68 ± 12.48 | 90.40 ± 13.32 | 90.94 ± 11.76 | 0.828 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140.49 ± 25.73 | 138.31 ± 24.81 | 142.50 ± 26.64 | 0.419 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.60 ± 15.16 | 78.50 ± 15.33 | 74.85 ± 14.93 | 0.230 |
Left baPWV (m/s) | 18.04 ± 3.25 | 15.47 ± 1.91 | 20.41 ± 2.28 | <0.001 * |
Right baPWV (m/s) | 18.14 ± 3.29 | 15.38 ± 1.55 | 20.68 ± 2.26 | <0.001 * |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.41 ± 1.18 | 10.36 ± 1.26 | 10.46 ± 1.11 | 0.652 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.15 ± 0.43 | 4.25 ± 0.41 | 4.06 ± 0.43 | 0.022 * |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 149.14 ± 35.87 | 145.88 ± 33.97 | 152.15 ± 37.61 | 0.384 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 153.91 ± 80.23 | 152.54 ± 75.19 | 155.17 ± 85.33 | 0.871 |
MDA-LDL (mg/dL) | 88.67 (69.96–148.52) | 78.38 (59.41–98.35) | 119.67 (81.65–176.54) | <0.001 * |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 132.50 (110.00–171.25) | 131.00 (104.00–172.00) | 133.00 (113.00–173.00) | 0.377 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 59.18 ± 14.21 | 61.71 ± 14.68 | 56.85 ± 13.49 | 0.087 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 9.41 ± 1.87 | 9.85 ± 1.98 | 8.99 ± 1.67 | 0.021 * |
Total calcium (mg/dL) | 8.90 ± 0.75 | 8.86 ± 0.67 | 8.95 ± 0.83 | 0.549 |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.55 ± 1.25 | 4.68 ± 1.28 | 4.43 ± 1.22 | 0.326 |
Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) | 204.05 (56.83–355.30) | 205.20 (69.40–461.30) | 192.90 (54.90–340.65) | 0.297 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.28 (0.06–0.66) | 0.16 (0.05–0.40) | 0.35 (0.10–1.01) | 0.007 * |
Urea reduction rate | 0.74 ± 0.05 | 0.73 ± 0.05 | 0.74 ± 0.04 | 0.181 |
Kt/V (Gotch) | 1.36 ± 0.19 | 1.33 ± 0.21 | 1.38 ± 0.18 | 0.195 |
Female, n (%) | 47 (47.0) | 18 (38.3) | 29 (54.7) | 0.101 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 46 (46.0) | 19 (40.4) | 27 (50.9) | 0.292 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 46 (46.0) | 22 (46.8) | 24 (45.3) | 0.879 |
Angiotensin receptor blocker, n (%) | 28 (28.0) | 15 (31.9) | 13 (24.5) | 0.412 |
β-blocker, n (%) | 35 (35.0) | 15 (31.9) | 20 (37.7) | 0.542 |
Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 40 (40.0) | 21 (44.7) | 19 (35.8) | 0.368 |
Statin, n (%) | 31 (31.0) | 13 (27.7) | 18 (34.0) | 0.496 |
Fibrate, n (%) | 25 (25.0) | 12 (25.5) | 13 (24.5) | 0.908 |
Variables | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
MDA-LDL, 1 mg/mL | 1.014 | 1.004–1.025 | 0.009 * |
Age, 1 year | 1.044 | 1.004–1.085 | 0.031 * |
C-reactive protein, 1 mg/dL | 3.697 | 1.149–11.893 | 0.028 * |
Albumin, 1 g/dL | 0.526 | 0.144–1.926 | 0.332 |
Creatinine, 1 mg/dL | 0.971 | 0.734–1.285 | 0.837 |
Variables | Left baPWV (m/s) | Right baPWV (m/s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Spearman’s Coefficient of Correlation | p Value | Spearman’s Coefficient of Correlation | p Value | |
Age (years) | 0.284 | 0.004 * | 0.308 | 0.002 * |
Log-HD duration (months) | –0.037 | 0.711 | 0.009 | 0.930 |
Height (cm) | –0.115 | 0.256 | –0.136 | 0.178 |
Pre-HD body weight (kg) | –0.168 | 0.094 | –0.147 | 0.146 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | –0.146 | 0.146 | –0.115 | 0.253 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 0.003 | 0.973 | 0.029 | 0.778 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.121 | 0.232 | 0.119 | 0.238 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | –0.070 | 0.487 | –0.096 | 0.343 |
Left baPWV (m/s) | — | — | 0.875 | <0.001 * |
Right baPWV (m/s) | 0.875 | <0.001 * | — | — |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 0.053 | 0.601 | 0.054 | 0.593 |
Albumin (g/dL) | –0.160 | 0.111 | –0.180 | 0.072 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.025 | 0.806 | 0.060 | 0.553 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 0.075 | 0.461 | 0.021 | 0.835 |
Log-MDA-LDL (mg/dL) | 0.385 | <0.001 * | 0.390 | <0.001 * |
Log-Glucose (mg/dL) | 0.227 | 0.023 * | 0.191 | 0.054 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | –0.126 | 0.212 | –0.101 | 0.317 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | –0.221 | 0.027 * | –0.216 | 0.031 * |
Total calcium (mg/dL) | –0.100 | 0.323 | –0.031 | 0.758 |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | –0.099 | 0.329 | –0.070 | 0.466 |
Log-iPTH (pg/mL) | –0.184 | 0.067 | –0.085 | 0.403 |
Log-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.307 | 0.002 * | 0.249 | 0.013 * |
Urea reduction rate | 0.184 | 0.067 | 0.106 | 0.292 |
Kt/V (Gotch) | 0.195 | 0.052 | 0.154 | 0.127 |
Cutoff | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV |
---|---|---|---|---|
80.91 mg/dL | 79.25% | 59.57% | 68.85% | 71.80% |
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Liu, W.-N.; Hsu, Y.-C.; Lu, C.-W.; Lin, S.-C.; Wu, T.-J.; Lin, G.-M. Serum Malondialdehyde-Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein as a Risk Marker for Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. Medicina 2024, 60, 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050697
Liu W-N, Hsu Y-C, Lu C-W, Lin S-C, Wu T-J, Lin G-M. Serum Malondialdehyde-Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein as a Risk Marker for Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. Medicina. 2024; 60(5):697. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050697
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Wei-Nung, Yi-Chiung Hsu, Chia-Wen Lu, Ssu-Chin Lin, Tsung-Jui Wu, and Gen-Min Lin. 2024. "Serum Malondialdehyde-Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein as a Risk Marker for Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients" Medicina 60, no. 5: 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050697