Impacts of Harmonic Voltage Distortions on the Dynamic Behavior and the PRPD Patterns of Partial Discharges in an Air Cavity Inside a Solid Dielectric Material
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. FEA Model Geometry and Fundamental Equations
3. PD Modeling
3.1. PD Inception Criteria
3.2. Cavity Conductivity
3.3. Surface Charge Decay
3.4. Calculation of True and Apparent Charges of the PDs
3.5. PD Model Parameters
3.6. PD Modeling Algorithm
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Impacts of Harmonic Voltage Distortions on the PDs Dynamic Behavior
4.2. Impacts of Harmonic Voltage Distortions on the PRPD Patterns
4.3. Impacts of Changing the Third Harmonic Component Phase Angle on the PDs Characteristics
4.4. Comparison between Simulated Results and Experimentally Measured Results Reported in the Literature
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Definition | Value |
---|---|---|
Dielectric material thickness | 2 mm | |
Dielectric material radius | 5 mm | |
Air cavity radius | 0.775 mm | |
Cavity surface thickness | 0.05 mm | |
Applied voltage amplitude | 14 kV | |
Applied frequency | 60 Hz | |
Dielectric material temperature | 293.15 K | |
Ambient temperature | 293.15 K | |
Cavity inception field | 3.02 kV/mm | |
Cavity extinction field | 0.6265 kV/mm | |
Time step between PD events | 33.3333 µs | |
Time step during PD events | 1 ns | |
Relative permittivity of the dielectric material | 4.4 | |
Relative permittivity of the air cavity | 1 | |
Relative permittivity of the air cavity surface | 4.4 | |
Conductivity of the dielectric material | 1 × 10−13 S/m | |
Air cavity conductivity between PD events | 0 S/m | |
Air cavity conductivity during PD events | 0.005 S/m | |
Initial conductivity of the air cavity surface | 1 × 10−13 S/m | |
Maximum conductivity of the air cavity surface | 6.2891 × 10−10 S/m | |
Effective charge decay time constant | 0.002 s | |
Electron generation rate due to volume ionization | 137.71 s−1 | |
Electron generation rate due to a high surface emission | 2100 s−1 | |
Electron generation rate due to a low surface emission | 300 s−1 |
Third Harmonic Phase Angle | Number of PDs per Cycle | Mean Apparent Charge per Cycle |
---|---|---|
0° | 5.64 | 3.61 nC |
90° | 9.16 | 4.94 nC |
180° | 10.52 | 5.42 nC |
270° | 9.72 | 5.07 nC |
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Machado, G.d.O.; Gomes, L.C.; da Silveira, A.W.F.V.; Tavares, C.E.; de Andrade, D.A. Impacts of Harmonic Voltage Distortions on the Dynamic Behavior and the PRPD Patterns of Partial Discharges in an Air Cavity Inside a Solid Dielectric Material. Energies 2022, 15, 2650. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072650
Machado GdO, Gomes LC, da Silveira AWFV, Tavares CE, de Andrade DA. Impacts of Harmonic Voltage Distortions on the Dynamic Behavior and the PRPD Patterns of Partial Discharges in an Air Cavity Inside a Solid Dielectric Material. Energies. 2022; 15(7):2650. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072650
Chicago/Turabian StyleMachado, Gustavo de Oliveira, Luciano Coutinho Gomes, Augusto Wohlgemuth Fleury Veloso da Silveira, Carlos Eduardo Tavares, and Darizon Alves de Andrade. 2022. "Impacts of Harmonic Voltage Distortions on the Dynamic Behavior and the PRPD Patterns of Partial Discharges in an Air Cavity Inside a Solid Dielectric Material" Energies 15, no. 7: 2650. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072650