Assessment of Changes in Abrasive Wear Resistance of a Welded Joint of Low-Alloy Martensitic Steel Using Microabrasion Test
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Welding Process
- Welding current I = 230 A;
- Welding voltage U = 30 V;
- Welding speed for manual process about v = 0.35 m/min.
2.2. Sample Preparation
- Friction assembly load: 0.4 N;
- Counter-specimen rotational speed: 150 rpm;
- Experimental run duration: 15 min;
- Sliding distance: 179.5 m.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Joint Microstructure
3.2. Joint Hardness
3.3. Abrasive Wear Resistance
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Konat, Ł.; Jasiński, R.; Białobrzeska, B.; Szczepański, Ł. Analysis of the static and dynamic properties of wear-resistant Hardox 600 steel in the context of its application in working elements. Mater. Sci.-Pol. 2021, 39, 86–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Białobrzeska, B.; Jasiński, R.; Konat, Ł.; Szczepański, Ł. Analysis of the Properties of Hardox Extreme Steel and Possibilities of Its Applications in Machinery. Metals 2021, 11, 162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bramowicz, M.; Kulesza, S.; Lewalski, P.; Szatkowski, J. Structural Studies of Welds in Wear-Resistant Steels. Acta Phys. Pol. A 2016, 130, 4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gáspár, M. Effect of Welding Heat Input on Simulated HAZ Areas in S960QL High Strength Steel. Metals 2019, 9, 1226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lu, Y.; Peer, A.; Abke, T.; Kimchi, M.; Zhang, W. Subcritical heat affected zone softening in hot-stamped boron steel during resistance spot welding. Mater. Des. 2018, 155, 170–184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saxena, A.; Kumaraswamy, A.; Madhu, V.; Madhusudhan, R.G. Study of Tribological Characteristics of Multi-pass SMAW Armox 500T Steel Joints. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2018, 27, 4300–4307. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Montero, J.; García, A.; Varela, A.; Zaragoza, S.; Artiaga, R.; Mier, J.L. A study on wear of welded joins for pipelines. Weld. Int. 2010, 24, 120–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Konat, Ł.; Pękalski, G. “Overview of Materials Testing of Brown-Coal Mining Machines” (Years 1985–2017). In Mining Machines and Earth-Moving Equipment: Problems of Design, Research and Maintenance; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2020; pp. 21–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Adamiak, M.; Górka, J.; Kik, T. Comparison of abrasion resistance of selected constructional materials. J. Achiev. Mater. Manuf. Eng. 2009, 37, 375–380. [Google Scholar]
- Bhakat, A.K.; Mishra, A.K.; Mishra, N.S. Characterization of wear and metallurgical properties for development of agricultural grade steel suitable in specific soil conditions. Wear 2007, 263, 228–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Białobrzeska, B. The influence of boron on the resistance to abrasion of quenched low-alloy steels. Wear 2022, 500–501, 204345. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Konat, Ł.; Białobrzeska, B.; Białek, P. Effect of Welding Process on Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of Hardox 600 Steel. Metals 2017, 7, 349. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brykov, M.N.; Petryshynets, I.; Džupon, M.; Kalinin, Y.A.; Efremenko, V.G.; Makarenko, N.A.; Pimenov, D.Y.; Kovác, F. Microstructure and Properties of Heat Affected Zone in High-Carbon Steel after Welding with Fast Cooling in Water. Materials 2020, 13, 5059. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wan, Z.; Guo, W.; Jia, Q.; Xu, L.; Peng, P. Hardness Evolution and High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded DP980 Steel Joints. High Temp. Mater. Proc. 2018, 37, 587–595. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Górka, J. The assessment of the quality of welded joints made of abrasion-resistant plates using the nanocrystalline filler metal. J. Min. Metall. Sect. B Metall. 2020, 56, 209–220. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Konat, Ł.; Białobrzeska, B. Effect of Welding Technique and Thermal Heatment Parameters on Abrasive Wear of Steel S355. Tribologia 2022, 3, 25–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tomków, J.; Czupryński, A.; Fydrych, D. The Abrasive Wear Resistance of Coatings Manufactured on High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Offshore Steel in Wet Welding Conditions. Coatings 2020, 10, 219. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- ASTM G65; Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus. ASTM: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2021.
- GOST 23.208-79; Ensuring of Wear Resistance of Products. Wear Resistance Testing of Materials by Friction against Loosely Fixed Abrasive Particles. GostPerevod: Moscow, Russia, 1979.
- Marques, F.; da Silva, W.M.; Pardal, J.M.; Tavares, S.S.M.; Scandian, C. Influence of Heat Treatments on the Micro-Abrasion Wear Resistance of a Superduplex Stainless Steel. Wear 2011, 271, 1288–1294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Antunes, P.V.; Ramalho, A. Study of Abrasive Resistance of Composites for Dental Restoration by Ball-Cratering. Wear 2003, 255, 990–998. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Farfán-Cabrera, L.I.; Gallardo-Hernández, E.A.; de la Rosa, C.S.; Vite-Torres, M. Micro-Scale Abrasive Wear of Some Sealing Elastomers. Wear 2017, 376–377, 1347–1355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ligier, K.; Olejniczak, K.; Napiórkowski, J. Wear of polyethylene and polyurethane elastomers used for components working in natural abrasive environments. Polym. Test. 2021, 100, 107247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva, F.; Martinho, R.; Baptista, A. Characterization of Laboratory and Industrial CrN/CrCN/Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings. Thin Solid Film. 2014, 550, 278–284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ligier, K.; Bramowicz, M.; Kulesza, S.; Lemecha, M.; Pszczółkowski, B. Use of the Ball-Cratering Method to Assess the Wear Resistance of a Welded Joint of XAR400 Steel. Materials 2023, 16, 4523. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- EN ISO 14341:2020; Welding Consumables Wire Electrodes and Weld Deposits for GAS shielded Metal Arc Welding of Non Alloy and Fine Grain Steels. Classification. International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020.
- ISO 15614-1:2017; Specification and Qualification of Welding Procedures for Metallic Materials Welding Procedure Test. International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2017.
- ISO 6507-1:2018; Metallic Materials Vickers Hardness Test. International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
- EN-1071-6:2008; Advanced Technical Ceramics—Methods of Test for Ceramic Coatings—Part 6: Determination of the Abrasion Resistance of Coatings by a Micro-Abrasion Wear Test. CEN—European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium, 2008.
- Francis, J.A.; Mazur, W.; Bhadeshia, H.K.D.H. Review type IV cracking in ferritic power plant steels. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2006, 22, 1387–1395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- David, S.A.; Siefert, J.A.; Feng, Z. Welding and weldability of candidate ferritic alloys for future advanced ultrasupercritical fossil power plants. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 2013, 18, 631–651. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Kannan, R.; Li, L. Correlation between intercritical heat-affected zone and type IV creep damage zone in grade 91 steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2018, 49, 1264–1275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Konat, Ł.; Zemlik, M.; Jasiński, R.; Grygier, D. Austenite grain growth analysis in a welded joint of high-strength martensitic abrasion-resistant steel hardox 450. Materials 2021, 14, 2850. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Konat, Ł. Technological, microstructural and strength aspects of welding and post-weld heat treatment of martensitic, wear-resistant Hardox 600 steel. Materials 2021, 14, 4541. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Di, H.; Sun, Q.; Wang, X.; Li, J. Microstructure and properties in dissimilar/similar weld joints between DP780 and DP980 steels processed by fiber laser welding. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2017, 33, 1561–1571. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Łętkowska, B.; Dudziński, W.; Frydman, S. Abrasive wear for selected grades of low-carbon boron steels at different states of heat treatment. Q. Tribol. 2012, 4, 151–166. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, Y.; Liskiewicz, T.W.; Beake, B.D. Dynamic changes of mechanical properties induced by friction in the Archard wear model. Wear 2019, 428–429, 366–375. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hsu, S.M.; Shen, M.C.; Ruff, A.W. Wear prediction for metals. Tribol. Int. 1997, 30, 377–383. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Napiórkowski, J.; Lemecha, M.; Konat, Ł. Forecasting the Wear of Operating Parts in an Abrasive Soil Mass Using the Holm-Archard Model. Materials 2019, 12, 2180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, C.; Deng, X.; Huang, L.; Jia, Y.; Wang, Z. Effect of temperature on microstructure, properties and sliding wear behavior of low alloy wear-resistant martensitic steel. Wear 2020, 442, 203125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hokkirigawa, K.; Kato, K. An experimental and theoretical investigation of ploughing, cutting and wedge formation during abrasive wear. Tribol. Int. 1988, 21, 51–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rendón, J.; Olsson, M. Abrasive wear resistance of some commercial abrasion resistant steels evaluated by laboratory test methods. Wear 2009, 267, 2055–2061. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Chemical Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | B |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content [%] | 0.28 | 0.35 | 1.40 | Max. 0.30 | Max. 0.03 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.25 | Max. 0.004 |
Declared hardness | HB 470–530 (over the entire profile thickness after heat treatment) | ||||||||
Tensile strength Rm | 1770 MPa | ||||||||
Yield point Re | 1330 MPa |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ligier, K.; Napiórkowski, J.; Lemecha, M. Assessment of Changes in Abrasive Wear Resistance of a Welded Joint of Low-Alloy Martensitic Steel Using Microabrasion Test. Materials 2024, 17, 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17092101
Ligier K, Napiórkowski J, Lemecha M. Assessment of Changes in Abrasive Wear Resistance of a Welded Joint of Low-Alloy Martensitic Steel Using Microabrasion Test. Materials. 2024; 17(9):2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17092101
Chicago/Turabian StyleLigier, Krzysztof, Jerzy Napiórkowski, and Magdalena Lemecha. 2024. "Assessment of Changes in Abrasive Wear Resistance of a Welded Joint of Low-Alloy Martensitic Steel Using Microabrasion Test" Materials 17, no. 9: 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17092101