Crystal Engineering in Antisolvent Crystallization of Rare Earth Elements (REEs)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Experimental Equipment
2.3. Experimental Procedure
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Varying the O/A Ratios on the Yield of Nd2(SO4)3.8H2O Product
3.2. Effect of Varying the O/A Ratio on the Quality of Nd2(SO4)3.8H2O Product
3.2.1. Effect of Varying the O/A ratios on the PSD of Nd2(SO4)3.8H2O Product
3.2.2. Effect of Varying the O/A Ratios on Nd2(SO4)3.8H2O Crystal Morphology
3.2.3. Evolution of Moments
3.3. Effect of Seed Loading on the Quality of Nd2(SO4)3.8H2O Product
3.3.1. Effect of Seed Loading on the PSD of Nd2(SO4)3.8H2O Particles
3.3.2. Effect of Seed Loading on the Morphology of Nd2(SO4)3.8H2O Particles
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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O/A Ratio | Ethanol Flowrate (mL/min) | Nd2(SO4)3 Aqueous Leach Solution Flowrate (mL/min) |
---|---|---|
0.6 | 60 | 100 |
0.8 | 80 | |
1.0 | 100 | |
1.2 | 120 | |
1.4 | 140 |
Research Output | Selected Studies | Current Study/Research |
---|---|---|
Yield and filterability | Peters et al. [17] Kaya et al. [18] Korkmaz et al. [7] | Higher yields obtained at high solvent-to-antisolvent ratios in this study corroborate the findings Peters et al. [17], Kaya et al. [18], and Korkmaz et al. [7]. However, this study showed that an increase in yield has a negative impact on product filterability. |
Particle size and morphology | Zhang et al. [26] Peters et al. [25] Lindenberg et al. [33] Zhou et al. [14] Yu et al. [16] | It was found that increasing the seed loading increased particle sizes and narrowed the PSD of Nd2(SO4)3.8H2O. Varying the O/A ratio in this study altered the morphology of Nd2(SO4)3.8H2O. Although these findings corroborate the results from previous studies, an inorganic product was recovered unlike in Zhang et al. [26], Lindenberg et al. [33], Zhou et al. [14], and Yu et al. [16]. Results in this study support the findings by Peters et al. [25]. |
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Sibanda, J.; Chivavava, J.; Lewis, A.E. Crystal Engineering in Antisolvent Crystallization of Rare Earth Elements (REEs). Minerals 2022, 12, 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121554
Sibanda J, Chivavava J, Lewis AE. Crystal Engineering in Antisolvent Crystallization of Rare Earth Elements (REEs). Minerals. 2022; 12(12):1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121554
Chicago/Turabian StyleSibanda, Jonathan, Jemitias Chivavava, and Alison Emslie Lewis. 2022. "Crystal Engineering in Antisolvent Crystallization of Rare Earth Elements (REEs)" Minerals 12, no. 12: 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121554