The Influence of the Ultrasound Disintegration of Microalgal–Bacterial Granular Sludge on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Organization
2.2. Materials
2.2.1. Microalgal-Bacterial Granular Sludge
2.2.2. Anaerobic Sludge
2.3. Experimental Setup
2.4. Calculation Methods
2.5. Analytical Methods
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effects of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Solubilization of Organic Matter
3.2. Effects of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Biogas and Methane Production
3.3. Correlation Analysis of Experimental Data
3.4. Energy Balance of Anaerobic Digestion and Ultrasonic Pretreatment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variant | Sonication Time [s] | Ultrasonic Energy [Wh] | Sample Volume [cm3] | Dry Mass [g] | Volatile Solids [g] | Specific Energy (ES) [Wh/g VS] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V1 | 0 | - | 500 | 29.5 ± 1.7 | 24.3 ± 0.5 | 0 |
V2 | 50 | 5.55 | 0.23 | |||
V3 | 100 | 11.10 | 0.46 | |||
V4 | 150 | 16.65 | 0.69 | |||
V5 | 200 | 22.20 | 1.32 |
Parameter | Unit | Value | Taxonomic Composition |
---|---|---|---|
TS | g/L | 59.0 ± 3.1 |
|
VS | % TS | 82.3 ± 3.5 | |
TN | mg/g TS | 30.6 ± 3.4 | |
TP | mg/g TS | 13.3 ± 2.9 | |
TC | mg/g TS | 455.0 ± 74 | |
TOC | mg/g TS | 397.4 ± 70 | |
C:N | - | 14.4 ± 2.0 | |
pH | - | 7.53 ± 0.07 | |
protein | % TS | 19.1 ± 2.1 | |
lipids | % TS | 11.1 ± 1.3 |
Parameter | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|
TS | % fresh mass | 4.7 ± 1.3 |
VS | % TS | 70.9 ± 2.5 |
TN | mg/g TS | 45.3 ± 3.1 |
TP | mg/g TS | 4.0 ± 1.0 |
TC | mg/g TS | 384 ± 29 |
TOC | mg/g TS | 316 ± 30 |
C:N | - | 6.9 ± 0.2 |
pH | - | 6.7 ± 0.2 |
protein | % TS | 28.3 ± 1.9 |
lipids | % TS | 6.1 ± 0.8 |
saccharides | % TS | 1.8 ± 0.5 |
Variant | Sonication Time [s] | Soluble COD [mgO2/L] | COD Solubilization Degree [%] | Soluble TOC [mg/L] | TOC Solubilization Degree [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
V1 | 0 | 119 ± 11 | - | 89 ± 6 | - |
V2 | 50 | 344 ± 39 | 25 ± 2.1 | 302 ± 27 | 35.0 ± 2.4 |
V3 | 100 | 617 ± 43 | 55.3 ± 3.9 | 476 ± 52 | 63.6 ± 7.0 |
V4 | 150 | 719 ± 49 | 66.7 ± 3.0 | 533 ± 42 | 73.0 ± 7.9 |
V5 | 200 | 771 ± 83 | 72.4 ± 7.3 | 560 ± 65 | 77.5 ± 8.5 |
Variant | Parameter | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|---|
V1 | Biogas | cm3/g VS | 506 ± 38 |
Methane | % | 65.5 ± 3.0 | |
cm3/g VS | 329 ± 20 | ||
V2 | Biogas | cm3/g VS | 577 ± 42 |
Methane | % | 66.2 ± 1.6 | |
cm3/g VS | 382 ± 29 | ||
V3 | Biogas | cm3/g VS | 697 ± 37 |
Methane | % | 68.7 ± 2.1 | |
cm3/g VS | 479 ± 22 | ||
V4 | Biogas | cm3/g VS | 782 ± 40 |
Methane | % | 68.2 ± 1.4 | |
cm3/g VS | 534 ± 16 | ||
V5 | Biogas | cm3/g VS | 808 ± 41 |
Methane | % | 69.4 ± 3.2 | |
cm3/g VS | 561 ± 17 |
Variant | Working Volume of Reactor [cm3] | OLR [g VS/L·d] | Amount of VS in Sample [g] | Methane Yield [cm3/g VS] | Methane Calorific Value [Wh/L] | EGout [Wh/gVS] | Es [Wh/g VS] | ENout [Wh/g VS] | Enet [Wh/g VS] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V1 | 200 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 329 ± 20 | 9.17 | 3.02 ± 0.18 | 0 | 3.02 ± 0.18 | - |
V2 | 382 ± 29 | 3.50 ± 0.26 | 0.23 | 3.27 ± 0.26 | 0.25 ± 0.22 | ||||
V3 | 479 ± 22 | 4.39 ± 0.20 | 0.46 | 3.93 ± 0.20 | 0.91 ± 0.19 | ||||
V4 | 534 ± 16 | 4.89 ± 0.17 | 0.69 | 4.21 ± 0.17 | 1.19 ± 0.18 | ||||
V5 | 561 ± 17 | 5.14 ± 0.15 | 1.32 | 3.82 ± 0.15 | 0.81 ± 0.16 |
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Dębowski, M.; Kisielewska, M.; Zieliński, M.; Kazimierowicz, J. The Influence of the Ultrasound Disintegration of Microalgal–Bacterial Granular Sludge on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 7387. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137387
Dębowski M, Kisielewska M, Zieliński M, Kazimierowicz J. The Influence of the Ultrasound Disintegration of Microalgal–Bacterial Granular Sludge on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(13):7387. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137387
Chicago/Turabian StyleDębowski, Marcin, Marta Kisielewska, Marcin Zieliński, and Joanna Kazimierowicz. 2023. "The Influence of the Ultrasound Disintegration of Microalgal–Bacterial Granular Sludge on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency" Applied Sciences 13, no. 13: 7387. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137387