Green Manure Amendment Can Reduce Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates for Oilseed Rape in Maize–Oilseed Rape Rotation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (i)
- legume Labadou (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) facilitates reduction in the need for fertilizer-N in intercropping systems of maize and oilseed rape;
- (ii)
- growing Labadou in the summer-autumn growing season increases biomass production and fertilizer-N efficiency of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.);
- (iii)
- introducing an intercropping method to maize and oilseed rape rotation systems in dryland decreases N application rates.
2. Results
2.1. Analysis of the Meteorological Data of the Experimental Site
2.2. Effects of Different Treatments on Crop Yield
2.3. Effects of Different Treatments on Soil Properties
3. Discussion
3.1. Effects of Intercropping Combined with Nitrogen Application on Crop Growth
3.2. Effects of Intercropping Combined with Nitrogen Application on Soil Properties
3.3. Benefit Analysis
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Site
4.2. Experimental Design
4.3. Sampling and Analysis
4.4. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | 2018–2019 | 2019–2020 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MC | IC | MC | IC | |
Maize | 5483 ± 49.81a | 5425 ± 131.92a | 5484 ± 311a | 5185 ± 102a |
Oilseed rape | 2322 ± 186a | 2302 ± 310a | 2558 ± 390a | 2785 ± 527a |
Labadou | - | 19.99 ± 1.76 | - | 24.07 ± 2.69 |
Treatment | Maize | Oilseed Rape | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ears per ha | Kernels per Ear | Mass per 1000 Kernels (g) | Pods per Plant | Seeds per Pod | Mass per 1000 Seeds (g) | |||
2018–2019 | MC | N0 | 3.55a | 572a | 270.05a | 301aA | 15.87bA | 3.61aA |
0.65N | 314aA | 15.88bA | 3.83aA | |||||
0.75N | 304aA | 16.68aA | 3.71aA | |||||
N | 313aA | 16.05aA | 3.8aA | |||||
IC | N0 | 3.46a | 565a | 277.33a | 295aA | 16.59aAB | 3.54aB | |
0.65N | 250bAB | 16.73aA | 3.82aA | |||||
0.75N | 265bA | 16.99aA | 3.76aA | |||||
N | 242bB | 16.4aB | 3.98aA | |||||
2019–2020 | MC | N0 | 3.32a | 534a | 309.195a | 118aB | 21.33aA | 3.77aA |
0.65N | 158aA | 20.47bB | 3.80aA | |||||
0.75N | 148bAB | 21.67aA | 3.76aA | |||||
N | 175aA | 20.67aAB | 3.82aA | |||||
IC | N0 | 3.17a | 521a | 313.94a | 143aB | 20.87aA | 3.75aB | |
0.65N | 195aA | 21.80aA | 4.01aA | |||||
0.75N | 204aA | 20.40bB | 3.77aA | |||||
N | 190aA | 21.00aA | 3.90aA |
Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | Average | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC | IC | MC | IC | ||
N0 | - | - | - | - | - |
0.65N | - | 2.26 | 4.20 | 5.88 | 4.11 |
0.75N | 0.32 | 1.43 | 3.33 | 6.24 | 2.83 |
N | 1.47 | 2.24 | 4.17 | 5.15 | 3.26 |
average | 0.90b | 1.98a | 3.90b | 5.76a |
Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MC | IC | MC | IC | |
N0 | 7.53 ± 0.45aA | 7.67 ± 0.35aA | 7.54 ± 0.27aA | 7.77 ± 0.20aA |
0.65N | 7.29 ± 0.26aA | 7.44 ± 0.31aA | 7.43 ± 0.26aAB | 7.37 ± 0.24aB |
0.75N | 7.25 ± 0.06aA | 7.57 ± 0.31aA | 7.22 ± 0.06bB | 7.56 ± 0.28aAB |
N | 7.50 ± 0.29aA | 7.48 ± 0.26aA | 7.50 ± 0.29aA | 7.51 ± 0.25aAB |
Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MC | IC | MC | IC | |
N0 | 61.92 ± 2.37bB | 78.99 ± 6.63aA | 63.65 ± 2.43bB | 73.86 ± 8.90aAB |
0.65N | 67.83 ± 3.69aB | 71.18 ± 2.05aB | 71.91 ± 3.79aAB | 73.17 ± 2.10aB |
0.75N | 65.94 ± 1.42aB | 76.54 ± 10.84aAB | 78.98 ± 19.30aAB | 78.44 ± 7.88aAB |
N | 71.96 ± 1.42bA | 81.00 ± 8.36aA | 83.49 ± 16.52aA | 80.97 ± 9.87aA |
Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MC | IC | MC | IC | |
N0 | 8.18 ± 0.88aA | 7.85 ± 4.19aA | 7.82 ± 0.88aA | 7.49 ± 2.48aA |
0.65N | 8.50 ± 2.64aA | 9.48 ± 0.60aA | 7.02 ± 2.65aA | 9.13 ± 1.56aA |
0.75N | 8.71 ± 2.39aA | 9.78 ± 0.77aA | 7.38 ± 2.40aA | 9.43 ± 1.57aA |
N | 8.32 ± 1.29aA | 9.54 ± 4.89aA | 8.71 ± 1.29aA | 9.19 ± 0.63aA |
Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MC | IC | MC | IC | |
N0 | 194 ± 51.42aA | 210 ± 28.14aA | 195 ± 50.94aA | 211 ± 36.87aA |
0.65N | 178 ± 35.30aA | 211 ± 32.18a | 179 ± 34.97aAB | 211 ± 33.22aA |
0.75N | 167 ± 30.37bAB | 206 ± 12.54aA | 185 ± 30.07aA | 207 ± 14.61aA |
N | 154 ± 13.7bB | 194 ± 28.57aA | 163 ± 13.57bB | 195 ± 30.54aA |
Treatment | Production | Total Income | Cost | Benefits | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maize | Oilseed Rape | Seed | Fertilizer | Labor | Other | ||||
IC | 0.65N | 10,967 | 7187 | 18134 | 850 | 3450 | 1500 | 500 | 11,834 |
0.75N | 7347 | 18294 | 850 | 3524 | 1500 | 500 | 11,920 | ||
N | 8327 | 19274 | 850 | 3707 | 1500 | 500 | 12,717 | ||
MC | 0.65N | 10,610 | 7899 | 18509 | 1000 | 3450 | 1650 | 500 | 11,909 |
0.75N | 8055 | 18665 | 1000 | 3524 | 1650 | 500 | 11,991 | ||
N | 8610 | 19220 | 1000 | 3707 | 1650 | 500 | 12,363 |
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Gu, C.; Huang, W.; Li, Y.; Li, Y.; Yu, C.; Dai, J.; Hu, W.; Li, X.; Brooks, M.; Xie, L.; et al. Green Manure Amendment Can Reduce Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates for Oilseed Rape in Maize–Oilseed Rape Rotation. Plants 2021, 10, 2640. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122640
Gu C, Huang W, Li Y, Li Y, Yu C, Dai J, Hu W, Li X, Brooks M, Xie L, et al. Green Manure Amendment Can Reduce Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates for Oilseed Rape in Maize–Oilseed Rape Rotation. Plants. 2021; 10(12):2640. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122640
Chicago/Turabian StyleGu, Chiming, Wei Huang, Yue Li, Yinshui Li, Changbin Yu, Jing Dai, Wenshi Hu, Xiaoyong Li, Margot Brooks, Lihua Xie, and et al. 2021. "Green Manure Amendment Can Reduce Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates for Oilseed Rape in Maize–Oilseed Rape Rotation" Plants 10, no. 12: 2640. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122640