Efficacy of a New Alcohol-Free Organic Acid-Based Hand Sanitizer against Foodborne Pathogens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sanitizer Solution Formulations
2.3. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity Using Agar Well-Diffusion
2.4. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) Experiments
2.5. Bacterial Growth Characteristics and Time-Kill Curves
2.6. S. aureus Biofilm Preparation and Microscopy
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Stability Testing of the Solutions
3.2. Bacterial Growth Inhibition
3.3. Long-Term Bacterial Growth Inhibition
3.4. Biofouling Tests
3.5. Time-Kill Curves
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quantities in Grams Based on 200.0 g Final Solution Weight | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ingredients | Function | Solution A | Solution B | Solution C | Solution D |
Azelaic acid | Microbicide | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Citric acid | Microbicide | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Lactic acid | Microbicide | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 |
PEG 400 | Lubricant | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 |
(NH4)2SO4 | Fungicidal | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
PVPI solution | Broad spectrum microbicide | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Water | Solvent | 195.5 | 197.0 | 198.0 | 191.5 |
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Bayer, G.; Shayganpour, A.; Bayer, I.S. Efficacy of a New Alcohol-Free Organic Acid-Based Hand Sanitizer against Foodborne Pathogens. Toxics 2023, 11, 938. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110938
Bayer G, Shayganpour A, Bayer IS. Efficacy of a New Alcohol-Free Organic Acid-Based Hand Sanitizer against Foodborne Pathogens. Toxics. 2023; 11(11):938. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110938
Chicago/Turabian StyleBayer, Gözde, Amirreza Shayganpour, and Ilker S. Bayer. 2023. "Efficacy of a New Alcohol-Free Organic Acid-Based Hand Sanitizer against Foodborne Pathogens" Toxics 11, no. 11: 938. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110938