Identification and Evaluation of Celery Germplasm Resources for Salt Tolerance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Salt Damage Symptom Classification and Salt Damage Index
2.3. Measurement of Growth Indicators
Root–crown ratio = below-ground fresh weight/above-ground fresh weight.
2.4. Measurement of Physiological and Biochemical Indicators
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Salt Damage Symptoms and Salt Damage Index of Seedlings of Different Celery Materials under NaCl Stress
3.2. Effect of NaCl Stress on the Growth Indices of Seedlings of Different Celery Materials
3.3. Effect of NaCl Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Indices of Seedlings of Different Celery Materials
3.4. Correlation Analysis of Various Indices and the Salt Damage Index of Seedlings of Different Celery Varieties under NaCl Stress
3.5. Principal Component Analysis of Each Index in Seedlings of Different Celery Varieties under NaCl Stress
3.6. Analysis of the Affiliation Function Values of Each Index for Seedlings of Different Celery Cultivars under NaCl Stress
3.7. Comparative Validation of the Salt Tolerance Identification of Different Celery Varieties
3.8. Cluster Analysis of Salt Tolerance of Seedlings of Different Celery Varieties and the Mechanism of Celery Response to Salt Stress
3.9. Mechanisms of Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Sensitive Celery Varieties’ Responses to Salt Stress
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grade | Symptoms of Salt Injury | Salt Damage |
---|---|---|
0 | Plants with normal growth, erect petioles, no yellowish leaves | none |
1 | Plants mildly chlorotic, petioles bent downward, leaves crumpled and yellowed | slight |
2 | Plant chlorosis, petiole water loss and collapse, 1–2 true leaves water loss and crumpling | moderate |
3 | Plants moderately chlorotic, most petioles collapsed, 2–3 true leaves crumpled and scorched | severe |
4 | Plant severe chlorosis, collapse or even death, 3–4 true leaves withered and scorched | very severe |
Materials | Salt Injury Index/% | Ranking | Materials | Salt Injury Index/% | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MXKQ | 2.5 | 1 | JYZQ | 60.0 | 21 |
SHHXQ | 7.5 | 2 | OZHDXQ | 62.5 | 22 |
JYBaoQ | 7.5 | 3 | WTX | 65.0 | 23 |
JYBQ | 10.0 | 4 | HCBQ | 67.5 | 24 |
XQ | 12.5 | 5 | HFXQ | 70.0 | 25 |
BQ | 12.5 | 6 | TGBGHXQ | 72.5 | 26 |
XXQ | 15.0 | 7 | HYSQ | 72.5 | 27 |
LLHXQ | 17.5 | 8 | OSTZYXQ | 75.0 | 28 |
TGCXBQ | 22.5 | 9 | FLL | 75.0 | 29 |
HCHQ | 27.5 | 10 | SJSSHNXQC | 77.5 | 30 |
HYNCXQ | 27.5 | 11 | JHQC | 80.0 | 31 |
MWHH | 30.0 | 12 | BLCQ | 82.5 | 32 |
YLBQ | 37.5 | 13 | JNSQ-3 | 82.5 | 33 |
NCW | 40.0 | 14 | California emperor | 85.0 | 34 |
JLLXQ | 42.5 | 15 | MGXQW | 87.5 | 35 |
SJSSQ | 45.0 | 16 | HHXQ | 90.0 | 36 |
KXDYQ | 47.5 | 17 | BFMSGQ | 92.5 | 37 |
BG-1 | 52.5 | 18 | ZQ | 95.0 | 38 |
XBQC | 55.0 | 19 | SHWTLXQ | 97.5 | 39 |
YDLXQ | 60.0 | 20 | HNXQ | 10.0 | 40 |
Trait | Factor Loading | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | |
PH | −0.004 | 0.658 | −0.226 | −0.237 | 0.490 | 0.258 |
PS | −0.463 | 0.719 | 0.028 | 0.008 | 0.073 | 0.190 |
OGP FW | −0.816 | 0.207 | 0.262 | −0.159 | −0.188 | −0.134 |
UGP FW | 0.343 | 0.717 | 0.233 | 0.299 | −0.032 | −0.392 |
C: R | 0.895 | 0.156 | 0.058 | 0.276 | 0.088 | −0.140 |
Chl | 0.143 | 0.014 | −0.868 | 0.154 | −0.118 | 0.209 |
PRO | −0.192 | −0.404 | 0.220 | 0.057 | 0.807 | −0.068 |
SP | 0.353 | −0.007 | 0.644 | 0.190 | −0.157 | 0.608 |
MDA | −0.272 | −0.034 | −0.118 | 0.839 | 0.161 | 0.059 |
SOD | 0.670 | 0.048 | 0.001 | −0.488 | 0.128 | −0.002 |
eigenvalue | 2.505 | 1.697 | 1.409 | 1.253 | 1.022 | 0.715 |
contribution/% | 25.1 | 17.0 | 14.1 | 12.5 | 10.2 | 7.2 |
cumulative/% | 25.1 | 42.1 | 56.2 | 68.7 | 78.9 | 86.1 |
Materials | Principal Component Score | Overall Score D-Value | Rank | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | |||
SHHXQ | 3.731 | 0.311 | −1.126 | −0.598 | 1.926 | 1.163 | 1.034 | 1 |
TGCXBQ | 2.688 | −0.210 | 1.024 | 1.574 | 0.444 | −1.041 | 0.950 | 2 |
XBQC | 1.661 | 1.442 | −0.372 | 1.124 | 0.402 | 0.851 | 0.851 | 3 |
OSTZYXQ | 3.339 | −0.492 | −0.122 | −0.077 | 0.205 | −0.413 | 0.718 | 4 |
XQ | −0.076 | 3.685 | −0.644 | 1.572 | −1.190 | −0.692 | 0.542 | 5 |
MWHH | −0.115 | 2.287 | 1.650 | −1.462 | 1.148 | 0.211 | 0.541 | 6 |
BLCQ | −0.086 | −0.866 | 1.136 | 2.868 | 0.697 | 0.599 | 0.465 | 7 |
SJSSQ | 1.315 | 0.973 | −0.657 | 0.323 | −1.173 | 0.909 | 0.388 | 8 |
MXKQ | 2.433 | −0.068 | −0.374 | −2.021 | 0.988 | −0.158 | 0.382 | 9 |
TGBGHXQ | 1.731 | −0.334 | −0.261 | 0.273 | 0.511 | −1.187 | 0.342 | 10 |
JLLXQ | −0.965 | 1.371 | 1.166 | 1.088 | 0.229 | −0.256 | 0.297 | 11 |
HYSQ | 0.054 | −0.814 | 2.158 | 0.617 | 0.533 | −0.196 | 0.297 | 12 |
WTX | 1.712 | −0.644 | 1.135 | 0.106 | −1.401 | −0.834 | 0.290 | 13 |
NCW | 0.867 | 0.579 | 1.392 | −1.326 | −0.911 | 0.002 | 0.253 | 14 |
JYZQ | 1.133 | −0.137 | −0.164 | 0.744 | −1.060 | −0.415 | 0.193 | 15 |
JHQC | 1.668 | −1.330 | 0.927 | −0.831 | −0.755 | 0.581 | 0.183 | 16 |
HFXQ | −1.162 | 1.610 | 1.586 | −0.097 | −0.126 | −0.085 | 0.175 | 17 |
YDLXQ | −1.550 | 1.224 | 0.681 | 1.556 | −0.358 | 0.156 | 0.085 | 18 |
BG-1 | 0.301 | −0.258 | 1.317 | −0.912 | −0.359 | 0.037 | 0.069 | 19 |
HCHQ | 1.069 | −0.491 | −0.189 | 0.370 | −0.516 | −1.202 | 0.065 | 20 |
HCBQ | −0.937 | 1.700 | −0.293 | 0.639 | 0.490 | −1.516 | 0.034 | 21 |
JYBaoQ | −1.823 | 1.548 | −1.367 | 0.609 | 2.711 | 0.407 | −0.004 | 22 |
HYNCXQ | −0.985 | 1.174 | 0.831 | −1.007 | −0.566 | 0.847 | −0.054 | 23 |
LLHXQ | −0.631 | 0.264 | −0.894 | −0.333 | 1.160 | 1.267 | −0.072 | 24 |
JNSQ-3 | −0.426 | −0.201 | −0.339 | −0.234 | 1.267 | 0.142 | −0.078 | 25 |
FLL | 0.952 | −1.187 | −0.382 | −0.223 | −0.374 | −1.061 | −0.159 | 26 |
KXDYQ | 0.774 | −1.318 | −1.676 | −0.238 | −1.029 | 1.831 | −0.270 | 27 |
Californa emperor | −2.030 | 0.176 | 1.665 | −0.601 | −0.561 | 1.339 | −0.281 | 28 |
OZHDXQ | −0.344 | −0.505 | −0.603 | −0.577 | 0.219 | −0.313 | −0.329 | 29 |
YLBQ | −0.330 | −1.423 | 0.660 | −1.123 | −0.258 | 0.474 | −0.364 | 30 |
XXQ | −1.459 | 0.127 | −0.428 | 0.540 | −1.357 | 1.243 | −0.386 | 31 |
JYBQ | −0.401 | 0.575 | −1.751 | −1.490 | 0.526 | −0.134 | −0.392 | 32 |
HHXQ | −1.293 | −1.162 | 1.744 | −0.715 | −0.575 | 0.386 | −0.396 | 33 |
SJSSHNXQC | −0.330 | 0.566 | −1.996 | −0.834 | −1.035 | 0.118 | −0.470 | 34 |
ZQ | −1.256 | −3.336 | 0.675 | 1.156 | 0.864 | −0.225 | −0.569 | 35 |
SHWTLXQ | −0.132 | −0.428 | −2.988 | 1.154 | −1.578 | −0.460 | −0.576 | 36 |
HNXQ | −1.886 | −1.991 | −1.024 | 1.860 | −0.134 | 1.093 | −0.657 | 37 |
MGXQW | −2.228 | −1.791 | −0.568 | −0.119 | 2.101 | −0.992 | −0.813 | 38 |
BQ | −2.208 | 0.292 | −0.383 | −1.997 | −0.182 | −1.218 | −0.914 | 39 |
BFMSGQ | −2.778 | −0.916 | −1.144 | −1.359 | −0.922 | −1.260 | −1.368 | 40 |
Materials | Subjection Function | Ranking | Materials | Subjection Function | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MXKQ | 0.718 | 1 | XBQC | 0.493 | 21 |
SHHXQ | 0.704 | 2 | SJSSQ | 0.482 | 22 |
BQ | 0.655 | 3 | YDLXQ | 0.476 | 23 |
JYBQ | 0.642 | 4 | OSTZYXQ | 0.471 | 24 |
LLHXQ | 0.614 | 5 | HYSQ | 0.463 | 25 |
JYBaoQ | 0.595 | 6 | TGBGHXQ | 0.462 | 26 |
HCHQ | 0.571 | 7 | HFXQ | 0.461 | 27 |
XXQ | 0.554 | 8 | JHQC | 0.454 | 28 |
MWHH | 0.543 | 9 | HCBQ | 0.440 | 29 |
YLBQ | 0.541 | 10 | FLL | 0.429 | 30 |
XQ | 0.534 | 11 | JNSQ-3 | 0.424 | 31 |
WTX | 0.533 | 12 | SJSSHNXQC | 0.401 | 32 |
HYNCXQ | 0.531 | 13 | MGXQW | 0.384 | 33 |
JYZQ | 0.526 | 14 | BLCQ | 0.372 | 34 |
TGCXBQ | 0.525 | 15 | HHXQ | 0.369 | 35 |
KXDYQ | 0.519 | 16 | BFMSGQ | 0.362 | 36 |
JLLXQ | 0.512 | 17 | California emperor | 0.358 | 37 |
OZHDXQ | 0.508 | 18 | SHWTLXQ | 0.308 | 38 |
NCW | 0.498 | 19 | ZQ | 0.266 | 39 |
BG-1 | 0.498 | 20 | HNXQ | 0.228 | 40 |
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Wu, L.; Du, J.; Zhang, Y.; Xue, Y.; Jiang, C.; Lu, W.; Zheng, Y.; Zhou, C.; Xiong, A.; Li, M. Identification and Evaluation of Celery Germplasm Resources for Salt Tolerance. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14051048
Wu L, Du J, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Jiang C, Lu W, Zheng Y, Zhou C, Xiong A, Li M. Identification and Evaluation of Celery Germplasm Resources for Salt Tolerance. Agronomy. 2024; 14(5):1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14051048
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Limei, Jiageng Du, Yidan Zhang, Yuqin Xue, Chengyao Jiang, Wei Lu, Yangxia Zheng, Chengbo Zhou, Aisheng Xiong, and Mengyao Li. 2024. "Identification and Evaluation of Celery Germplasm Resources for Salt Tolerance" Agronomy 14, no. 5: 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14051048