Journal Description
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Ocean Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022)
Latest Articles
Deployment Method for Aircraft-Based Maritime Emergency Communication Resource Reserve Bases
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 844; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050844 (registering DOI) - 19 May 2024
Abstract
Maritime emergency communication facilities play a crucial role in establishing communication links between land and sea, serving as essential communication means for maintaining maritime safety, disaster response, and emergency rescue operations. With the increasing frequency of marine activities, the rapid response capability of
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Maritime emergency communication facilities play a crucial role in establishing communication links between land and sea, serving as essential communication means for maintaining maritime safety, disaster response, and emergency rescue operations. With the increasing frequency of marine activities, the rapid response capability of maritime emergency communication is becoming increasingly critical. With their characteristics of high-speed mobility, broad coverage and flexibility, aircraft serve as carriers for emergency communication facilities. The selection of aircraft bases is paramount in meeting the requirement of rapid response for maritime emergency communication. In this paper, we present a multi-objective optimization model for site selection by considering the coverage capabilities of different carriers. The model incorporates hierarchical coverage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and helicopters with a genetic algorithm. Through a case study of the Bohai Sea, this paper verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Propeller Optimization in Marine Power Systems: Exploring Its Contribution and Correlation with Renewable Energy Solutions
by
Bruna Bacalja Bašić, Maja Krčum and Zdeslav Jurić
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050843 (registering DOI) - 19 May 2024
Abstract
The goal of increasing fuel efficiency and decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased interest in the application of renewable energy sources and the usage of new technologies in the maritime industry. In order to implement the most suitable source, factors such as
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The goal of increasing fuel efficiency and decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased interest in the application of renewable energy sources and the usage of new technologies in the maritime industry. In order to implement the most suitable source, factors such as voyage duration, storage availability, and the condition of existing vessels as well as those that are still under construction should be taken into account. Propeller optimization is proposed as a long-term solution. This paper investigates the environmental aspects of propeller optimization, focusing on its potential to reduce ship vibrations fuel consumption, and, therefore, the ship’s carbon footprint. The case study presents propeller optimization on a Ro-Ro passenger ship. The data collected during sea trials before and after propeller optimization will be compared. Expected fuel oil consumption will be correlated to the CO2 emission reduction. Besides propeller optimization, the paper performs a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis comparing it with solar and wind power applications on ships.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Underwater Camera Calibration Based on Double Refraction
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Yushan Sun, Tian Zhou, Liwen Zhang and Puxin Chai
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 842; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050842 (registering DOI) - 19 May 2024
Abstract
Underwater camera calibration plays a pivotal role in underwater positioning and underwater mapping reconstruction, making it crucial for achieving precise spatial measurements in underwater environments. To elevate measurement accuracy, we have refined the calibration methodology for underwater cameras. Firstly, we conducted an in-depth
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Underwater camera calibration plays a pivotal role in underwater positioning and underwater mapping reconstruction, making it crucial for achieving precise spatial measurements in underwater environments. To elevate measurement accuracy, we have refined the calibration methodology for underwater cameras. Firstly, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the intricate challenges posed by double refraction errors arising from light passing through water–glass–air interfaces. To address this issue, we established a double refraction model based on the actual underwater light paths, laying the groundwork for our calibration efforts. Furthermore, to tackle the problem of determining multiple camera parameters, we proposed a parameter optimization method based on genetic algorithms, capable of navigating the complex parameter space. Finally, compared with other algorithms, our method enables more precise determination of underwater camera parameters.
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(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
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Open AccessArticle
Process Planning for Large Container Ship Propeller Shaft Machining Based on an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
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Guotai Du, Hongkui Ma, Yu Bai and Ning Mei
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050841 (registering DOI) - 18 May 2024
Abstract
To accommodate the production and manufacture of complex and customized marine components and to avoid the empirical nature of process planning, machining operations can be automatically sequenced and optimized using ant colony algorithms. However, traditional ant colony algorithms exhibit issues in the context
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To accommodate the production and manufacture of complex and customized marine components and to avoid the empirical nature of process planning, machining operations can be automatically sequenced and optimized using ant colony algorithms. However, traditional ant colony algorithms exhibit issues in the context of machining process planning. In this study, an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed to address these challenges. The introduction of a tiered distribution of initial pheromones mitigates the blindness of initial searches. By incorporating the number of iterations into the expectation heuristic function and introducing a ‘reward–penalty system’ for pheromones, the contradictions between convergence speed and the tendency to fall into local optima are avoided. Applying the improved ant colony algorithm to the process planning of large container ship propeller shaft machining, this study constructs a ‘distance’ model for each machining unit and develops a process constraint table. The results show significant improvements in initial search capabilities and convergence speed with the improved ant colony algorithm while also resolving the contradiction between convergence speed and optimal solutions. This verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved ant colony algorithm in intelligent process planning for ships.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ship Technology Development and Design)
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Open AccessReview
A Review on Submarine Geological Risks and Secondary Disaster Issues during Natural Gas Hydrate Depressurization Production
by
Xianzhuang Ma, Yujing Jiang, Peng Yan, Hengjie Luan, Changsheng Wang, Qinglin Shan and Xianzhen Cheng
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050840 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The safe and efficient production of marine natural gas hydrates faces the challenges of seabed geological risk issues. Geological risk issues can be categorized from weak to strong threats in four aspects: sand production, wellbore instability, seafloor subsidence, and submarine landslides, with the
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The safe and efficient production of marine natural gas hydrates faces the challenges of seabed geological risk issues. Geological risk issues can be categorized from weak to strong threats in four aspects: sand production, wellbore instability, seafloor subsidence, and submarine landslides, with the potential risk of natural gas leakage, and the geological risk problems that can cause secondary disasters dominated by gas eruptions and seawater intrusion. If the gas in a reservoir is not discharged in a smooth and timely manner during production, it can build up inside the formation to form super pore pressure leading to a sudden gas eruption when the overburden is damaged. There is a high risk of overburden destabilization around production wells, and reservoirs are prone to forming a connection with the seafloor resulting in seawater intrusion under osmotic pressure. This paper summarizes the application of field observation, experimental research, and numerical simulation methods in evaluating the stability problem of the seafloor surface. The theoretical model of multi-field coupling can be used to describe and evaluate the seafloor geologic risk issues during depressurization production, and the controlling equations accurately describing the characteristics of the reservoir are the key theoretical basis for evaluating the stability of the seafloor geomechanics. It is necessary to seek a balance between submarine formation stability and reservoir production efficiency in order to assess the optimal production and predict the region of plastic damage in the reservoir. Prediction and assessment allow measures to be taken at fixed points to improve reservoir mechanical stability with the numerical simulation method. Hydrate reservoirs need to be filled with gravel to enhance mechanical strength and permeability, and overburden need to be grouted to reinforce stability.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Formation, Exploration and Development of Natural Gas Hydrate)
Open AccessArticle
Dynamic Stability Analysis of Subsea Tunnel Crossing Active Fault Zone: A Case Study
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Zhiqiang Li, Qiushi Liu, Shian Liu, Xueying Liu, Yongqiang Zhang, Shixiang Jia, Guoliang Song and Yuting Zhao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050839 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The rock strength in an active fault zone is low and the surrounding rock is fractured and has poor stability, making any subsea tunnel crossing the active fault zone extremely susceptible to disasters such as tunnel collapse, sudden water ingress, and mud inrush.
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The rock strength in an active fault zone is low and the surrounding rock is fractured and has poor stability, making any subsea tunnel crossing the active fault zone extremely susceptible to disasters such as tunnel collapse, sudden water ingress, and mud inrush. This poses a potential threat to the construction project, making the dynamic stability analysis of a subsea tunnel crossing an active fault zone of great significance. This study takes the second subsea tunnel crossing the Cangkou Fault in Jiaozhou Bay as the engineering background and conducts numerical simulations by employing different lining stiffnesses for tunnel excavation, as well as applying dynamic loads. The dynamic stability of the subsea tunnel crossing the active fault zone is evaluated by comparing and analyzing the lining’s displacement, peak acceleration, and stress characteristics. This study explores the disaster-causing mechanisms of active fractures, determining that the hazard of orthogonal misalignment in an active fault zone is the least severe, while the hazard of opposite misalignment is the most severe. This research provides a basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in active fracture zones.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Analysis of Marine Structures—Edition II)
Open AccessArticle
Numerical Simulation of Extreme Ice Loads on Complex Pile Legs of Offshore Substation Structures
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Baofeng Zhang, Rui Dong, Wei Li, Yue Zhao, Guojun Wang and Dayong Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050838 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The sea ice failure mode and ice force amplitude depend on the structural form at the point of interaction, but the impacts of ice load when interacting with marine engineering structures with additional attachments are not yet clear. This study conducts numerical simulations
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The sea ice failure mode and ice force amplitude depend on the structural form at the point of interaction, but the impacts of ice load when interacting with marine engineering structures with additional attachments are not yet clear. This study conducts numerical simulations using the discrete element method to investigate the interaction between sea ice and cable pipes attached to offshore substation structures. Various operating conditions such as ice velocity, ice thickness, and ice attack angle are selected to simulate the interaction between sea ice and such structures, clarifying the variations in the sea ice failure mode and ice force amplitude. The results indicate that crushing failure mainly occurs when sea ice interacts with such structures, and the presence of cable pipes does not alter the sea ice failure mode at the legs of offshore substation structures. The preliminary action of sea ice with cable pipes effectively reduces the ice load on the structure, and the minimum ice force amplitude occurs at an ice attack angle of 90°, with the ice force amplitude increasing with the ice thickness but showing no clear correlation with the ice velocity. The findings of this study provide a reference for the ice-resistant design of offshore substation structures in cold regions.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Offshore Wind—2nd Edition)
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The Impact of Offshore Photovoltaic Utilization on Resources and Environment Using Spatial Information Technology
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Peng Wang, Jingru Zhou, Xinfei Jin, Jingchao Shi, Ngai Weng Chan, Mou Leong Tan, Xingwen Lin, Xu Ma, Xia Lin, Kaixuan Zheng, Jiexuan Wu and Fei Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050837 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
In recent years, the rapid development of the photovoltaic (PV) industry has resulted in a saturation of research on onshore PV power plant construction. However, current studies on the impact of marine PVs on the marine environment remain limited and scarce. In order
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In recent years, the rapid development of the photovoltaic (PV) industry has resulted in a saturation of research on onshore PV power plant construction. However, current studies on the impact of marine PVs on the marine environment remain limited and scarce. In order to facilitate the implementation of carbon reduction goals and promote the sustainable development of the offshore PV industry, this study analyzes the environmental impact of PV sea-use resources based on spatial information technology in the western part of Gaotang Island. The findings show that the MIKE21FM model provides relatively accurate simulations of tidal flow and tide level in the marine PV area. Flow velocity in the marine PV area exhibits a decreasing trend, with an average decrease ranging from 0.03 to 0.07 m/s. This decrease minimally affects surrounding navigational channels and large-scale flow fields. The resulting siltation is also deemed less significant, with an annual deposition from 0.03 to 0.06 m/a. Moreover, offshore PV construction resulted in a total intertidal biological loss of 123.45 t. The suspension of sediment during cofferdam construction and removal has a potential effect on zooplankton and fishery resources. Overall, it is proposed that careful planning, prudent site selection, and the execution of countermeasures during marine PV construction will combine to minimize the impact on the marine environment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Marine Environmental Science)
Open AccessArticle
The Analysis of Intelligent Functions Required for Inland Ships
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Guozhu Hao, Wenhui Xiao, Liwen Huang, Jiahao Chen, Ke Zhang and Yaojie Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050836 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Sorting out the requirements for intelligent functions is the prerequisite and foundation of the top-level design for the development of intelligent ships. In light of the development of inland intelligent ships for 2030, 2035, and 2050, based on the analysis of the division
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Sorting out the requirements for intelligent functions is the prerequisite and foundation of the top-level design for the development of intelligent ships. In light of the development of inland intelligent ships for 2030, 2035, and 2050, based on the analysis of the division of intelligent ship functional modules by international representative classification societies and relevant research institutions, eight necessary functional modules have been proposed: intelligent navigation, intelligent hull, intelligent engine room, intelligent energy efficiency management, intelligent cargo management, intelligent integration platform, remote control, and autonomous operation. Taking the technical realization of each functional module as the goal, this paper analyzes the status quo and development trend of related intelligent technologies and their feasibility and applicability when applied to each functional module. At the same time, it clarifies the composition of specific functional elements of each functional module, puts forward the stage goals of China’s inland intelligent ship development and the specific functional requirements of different modules under each stage, and provides reference for the Chinese government to subsequently formulate the top-level design development planning and implementation path of inland waterway intelligent ships.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Ships and Waterways: Design, Operation and Advanced Technology)
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Open AccessArticle
Large-Eddy Simulation of Low-Frequency Flow Oscillations for NACA0012 and Dynarig Sail at Large Attack Angles
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Qingsong Zeng, Wei Cai and Junhui Xu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050835 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Unmanned sailboats, harnessing wind for propulsion, offer great potential for extended marine research due to their virtually unlimited endurance. The sails typically operate at high attack angles, which contrasts with aircraft that maintain small angles to prevent stalling. Despite the reduction in lift
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Unmanned sailboats, harnessing wind for propulsion, offer great potential for extended marine research due to their virtually unlimited endurance. The sails typically operate at high attack angles, which contrasts with aircraft that maintain small angles to prevent stalling. Despite the reduction in lift during stalling, the resultant increase in drag contributes significantly to the sail’s thrust. However, the sail often experiences vortex shedding due to high attack angles, leading to low-frequency oscillations and erratic navigation. This study employs large-eddy simulations (LESs) on a 3D NACA0012 sail at a Reynolds number of 3.6 × 105, which is validated by experimental data. It observes the lift and drag coefficients across attack angles from 5 to 90 degrees and compares these with a Dynarig sail. The findings reveal that higher attack angles amplify fluctuations in lift and drag coefficients. Vortex shedding, resulting from flow separation, creates pressure changes and oscillations in aerodynamic forces. Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis identifies dominant frequencies between 0.5 and 10 Hz, indicating low-frequency oscillations. The study’s insights into the impact of attack angle and sail type on the oscillation frequency are favorable for the design of unmanned sailboats, aiding in the prediction of wind-induced frequencies and optimal attack angle determination.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Representative Dynamic Accumulation of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments in Gas Chimney System since 30 Kyr BP in the QiongDongNan Area, Northern South China Sea
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Jinan Guan, Menghe Wang, Wei Zhang, Lihua Wan, Matthias Haeckel and Qi Wu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050834 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
A stratigraphic complex composed of mass transport deposits (MTDs), where the gas occurrence allows for the formation of a gas chimney and pipe structure, is identified based on seismic interpretation in the QiongDongNan area of the northern South China Sea. During the Fifth
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A stratigraphic complex composed of mass transport deposits (MTDs), where the gas occurrence allows for the formation of a gas chimney and pipe structure, is identified based on seismic interpretation in the QiongDongNan area of the northern South China Sea. During the Fifth Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition of the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, this type of complex morphology that has close interaction with local gas hydrate (GH) distribution was eventually confirmed. A flow-reaction model is built to explore the spatial–temporal matching evolution process of massive GH reservoirs since 30 kyr before the present (BP). Five time snapshots, including 30, 20, 10, and 5 kyr BP, as well as the present, have been selected to exhibit key strata-evolving information. The results of in situ tensile estimation imply fracturing emergence occurs mostly at 5 kyr BP. Six other environmental scenarios and three cases of paleo-hydrate existence have been compared. The results almost coincide with field GH distribution below the bottom MTD from drilling reports, and state layer fracturing behaviors always feed and probably propagate in shallow sediments. It can be concluded that this complex system with 10% pre-existing hydrates results in the exact distribution and occurrence in local fine-grained silty clay layers adjacent to upper MTDs.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Marine Gas Hydrate Exploration and Discovery)
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Open AccessReview
A Review of Path Planning Methods for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles
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Yubing Wu, Tao Wang and Shuo Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050833 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
A marine autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) is a kind of autonomous marine robot with intelligent and flexible use advantages. They are mainly divided into two categories: unmanned vessels and unmanned sailboats. Marine ASVs are essential in marine science, industry, environmental protection, and national
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A marine autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) is a kind of autonomous marine robot with intelligent and flexible use advantages. They are mainly divided into two categories: unmanned vessels and unmanned sailboats. Marine ASVs are essential in marine science, industry, environmental protection, and national defense. One of the primary challenges faced by marine ASVs is autonomously planning paths in an intricate marine environment. Numerous research findings have surfaced in recent years, including the combination with popular machine learning. However, a systematic literature review is still lacking, primarily a comprehensive comparison of two types of ASV path planning methods. This review first introduces the problem and evaluation indicators of path planning for ASVs. Then, aiming at unmanned vessels and sailboats, respectively, it sorts out various path planning algorithms proposed in the existing literature, including the advantages and limitations of both kinds of ASVs, and discusses them in combination with evaluation indicators. Also, this paper explores how marine environmental factors affect path planning and its corresponding treatment methods. Finally, this review summarizes the challenges of unmanned ship path planning, proposes potential technical solutions and future development directions, and aims to provide references for further development in this field.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Wake Structures and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Flows around Two Near-Wall Cylinders in Tandem and Parallel Arrangements
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Xing Chang, Pandeng Yin, Jianjian Xin, Fulong Shi and Ling Wan
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050832 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
To clarify the hydrodynamic interference characteristics of flows around multiple cylinders under the wall effect, the two-dimensional (2D) flows around the near-wall single, two tandem and parallel cylinders are simulated under different gap ratios (0.15 ≤ G/D ≤ 3.0) and spacing
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To clarify the hydrodynamic interference characteristics of flows around multiple cylinders under the wall effect, the two-dimensional (2D) flows around the near-wall single, two tandem and parallel cylinders are simulated under different gap ratios (0.15 ≤ G/D ≤ 3.0) and spacing ratios (1.5 ≤ T/D ≤ 4.0) at a Reynolds number of Re = 6300. We also examine the wake patterns, the force coefficients, and the vortex-shedding frequency with emphases on the wall effect and effects of the two-cylinder interference. A critical wall gap of G/D = 0.6 is identified in the single-cylinder case where the wall can exert significant influences. The two near-wall tandem cylinders exhibit three wake states: stretching mode, attachment mode, and impinging mode. The force coefficients on the upstream cylinder are significantly affected by the wall for G/D ≤ 0.6. The downstream cylinder is mainly influenced by the upstream cylinder. For G/D > 0.6, the force coefficients on the two cylinders exhibit a similar variation trend. In the parallel arrangement, the two cylinders exhibit four wake states in different G/D and T/D ranges: double stretching mode, hetero-vortex scale mode, unilateral vortex mode, and free vortex mode. Moreover, the two parallel cylinders in the hetero-vortex scale or free vortex mode have two states: synchronous in-phase state and synchronous out-of-phase state. The mean drag coefficients on the two cylinders decrease, while the mean lift coefficients exhibit opposite variation trends, as the T/D grows.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamic Research of Marine Structures)
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A Lightweight Secure Scheme for Underwater Wireless Acoustic Network
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Jia Shi, Jinqiu Wu, Zhiwei Zhao, Xiaofei Qi, Wenbo Zhang, Gang Qiao and Dahong Zuo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050831 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
Due to the open underwater channels and untransparent network deployment environments, underwater acoustic networks (UANs) are more vulnerable to hostile environments. Security research is also being conducted in cryptography, including authentication based on asymmetric algorithms and key distribution based on symmetric algorithms. In
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Due to the open underwater channels and untransparent network deployment environments, underwater acoustic networks (UANs) are more vulnerable to hostile environments. Security research is also being conducted in cryptography, including authentication based on asymmetric algorithms and key distribution based on symmetric algorithms. In recent years, the advancement of quantum computing has made anti-quantum attacks an important issue in the field of security. Algorithms such as lattice and SPHINCS+ have become a research topic of interest in the field of security. However, within the past five years, few papers have discussed security algorithms for UANs to resist quantum attacks, especially through classical algorithms. Some existing classical asymmetric and symmetric algorithms are considered to have no prospects. From the perspective of easy deployment in engineering and anti-quantum attacks, our research focuses on a comprehensive lightweight security framework for data protection, authentication, and malicious node detection through the Elliptic Curve and Hash algorithms. Our mechanism is suitable for ad hoc scenarios with limited underwater resources. Meanwhile, we have designed a multi-party bit commitment to build a security framework for the system. A management scheme is designed by combining self-certifying with the threshold sharing algorithm. All schemes are designed based on certificate-less and ad hoc features. The proposed scheme ensures that the confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of the system are well considered. Moreover, the scheme is proven to be of unconditional security and immune to channel eavesdropping. The resource and delay issues are also taken into consideration. The simulations considered multiple variables like number of nodes, attackers, and message length to calculate proper values that can increase the efficiency of this scheme. The results in terms of delay, delivery ratio, and consumption demonstrate the suitability of the proposal in terms of security, especially for malicious node detection. Meanwhile, the computational cost has also been controlled at the millisecond level.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety and Reliability of Ship and Ocean Engineering Structures)
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Numerical Study on Hydrodynamic Performance of a Pitching Hydrofoil with Chordwise and Spanwise Deformation
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Hengliang Qu, Xueyan Li and Xiaochen Dong
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050830 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
The hydrofoil plays a crucial role in tidal current energy (TCE) devices, such as horizontal-axis turbines (HATs), vertical-axis turbines (VATs), and oscillating hydrofoils. This study delves into the numerical investigation of passive chordwise and spanwise deformations and the hydrodynamic performance of a deformable
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The hydrofoil plays a crucial role in tidal current energy (TCE) devices, such as horizontal-axis turbines (HATs), vertical-axis turbines (VATs), and oscillating hydrofoils. This study delves into the numerical investigation of passive chordwise and spanwise deformations and the hydrodynamic performance of a deformable hydrofoil. Three-dimensional (3D) coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations were conducted using the ANSYS Workbench platform, integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA). The simulation involved a deformable hydrofoil undergoing pitching motion with varying elastic moduli. The study scrutinizes the impact of elastic modulus on hydrofoil deformation, pressure distribution, flow structure, and hydrodynamic performance. Coefficients of lift, drag, torque, as well as their hysteresis areas and intensities, were defined to assess the hydrodynamic performance. The analysis of the correlation between pressure distribution and deformation elucidates the FSI mechanism. Additionally, the study investigated the 3D effects based on the flow structure around the hydrofoil. Discrepancies in pressure distribution along the spanwise direction result from these 3D effects. Consequently, different chordwise deformations of cross-sections along the spanwise direction were observed, contributing to spanwise deformation. The pressure difference between upper and lower surfaces diminished with increasing deformation. Peak values and fluctuations of lift, drag, and torque decreased. This study provides insights for selecting an appropriate elastic modulus for hydrofoils used in TCE devices.
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(This article belongs to the Section Marine Energy)
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Open AccessArticle
Hypersalinity in Coastal Wetlands and Potential Restoration Solutions, Lake Austin and East Matagorda Bay, Texas, USA
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Rusty A. Feagin, Joshua E. Lerner, Caroline Noyola, Thomas P. Huff, Jake Madewell and Bill Balboa
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050829 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
When droughts occur, freshwater inputs to coastal wetlands can become scarce and hypersalinity can become a problem. In 2023, a severe drought negatively affected a Texas watershed known as Lake Austin that fed a large expanse of wetlands on East Matagorda Bay. To
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When droughts occur, freshwater inputs to coastal wetlands can become scarce and hypersalinity can become a problem. In 2023, a severe drought negatively affected a Texas watershed known as Lake Austin that fed a large expanse of wetlands on East Matagorda Bay. To study the hypersalinity problem in these wetlands, we identified freshwater inflows and mapped vegetation changes over time. We found that from 1943 to 2023, the upper portion of the Lake Austin watershed lost freshwater wetlands to agricultural conversion, and ranged from fresh to brackish, with salinity rapidly rising to a maximum of 31 mS during the summer drought of 2023. The lower portion of the watershed gained saltwater wetlands due to sea level rise, and marshes became hypersaline (64–96 mS) during the 2023 drought, endangering its biota. But after large precipitation events, the entire Lake Austin basin rapidly freshened but then returned to its normal salinities within a week as the tides re-delivered saltwater into its basin. Given current climatic trends, we expect that freshwater inflow will continue to slightly increase for the Lake Austin watershed but also that there will be more extreme periods of episodic drought that negatively affect its wetlands. Accordingly, we assessed several potential restoration actions that would improve freshwater flow and delivery to the Lake Austin coastal wetlands.
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(This article belongs to the Section Marine Environmental Science)
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Open AccessArticle
Deploying a Computer Vision Model Based on YOLOv8 Suitable for Drones in the Tuna Fishing and Aquaculture Industry
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Duc-Anh Pham and Seung-Hun Han
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050828 - 16 May 2024
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In recent years, the global tuna fishing and aquaculture industry has encountered significant challenges in balancing operational efficiency with sustainable resource management. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing an advanced computer vision model, PA-YOLOv8, specifically adapted for drones, to enhance the monitoring
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In recent years, the global tuna fishing and aquaculture industry has encountered significant challenges in balancing operational efficiency with sustainable resource management. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing an advanced computer vision model, PA-YOLOv8, specifically adapted for drones, to enhance the monitoring and management of tuna populations. PA-YOLOv8 leverages the capabilities of YOLOv8, a state-of-the-art object detection system known for its precision and speed, tailored to address the unique demands of aerial surveillance in marine environments. Through comprehensive modifications including downsampling techniques, feature fusion enhancements, and the integration of the Global Attention Module (GAM), the model significantly improves the detection accuracy of small and juvenile tuna within complex aquatic landscapes. Experimental results using the Tuna dataset from Roboflow demonstrate marked improvements in detection metrics such as precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP), affirming the model’s effectiveness. This study underscores the potential of integrating cutting-edge technologies like UAVs and computer vision in promoting sustainable practices in the aquaculture sector, setting a new standard for technological applications in environmental and resource management. The advancements presented here provide a scalable and efficient solution for real-time monitoring, contributing to the long-term sustainability of marine ecosystems.
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Research on Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System for Ships Operating in Seasonal Sea-Ice Covered Waters
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Jin Xu, Shuai Xu, Long Ma, Sihan Qian and Xiaowen Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050827 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
The Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) has been established as a viable framework for assessing operational capabilities and associated risks in polar waters. Despite its inherent suitability for high-latitude territories, ships navigating through seasonal ice-infested waters at lower latitudes also
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The Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) has been established as a viable framework for assessing operational capabilities and associated risks in polar waters. Despite its inherent suitability for high-latitude territories, ships navigating through seasonal ice-infested waters at lower latitudes also encounter critical safety, environmental, and economic issues exacerbated by the presence of ice. This necessitates a reliable and adaptable methodology that can serve as a reference for devising effective countermeasures. This study evaluated the use of POLARIS in the intricate ice conditions prevalent in the northern navigable waters (channels and anchorages) within Liaodong Bay of the Bohai Sea, located at relatively low latitudes. Using GF-4 satellite imagery, ice conditions were collected, and the POLARIS methodology was employed to calculate Risk Index Outcome (RIO) values for non-ice-strengthened vessels during the winter season of 2021–2022. The results showed that sectors 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 11 within the northern part of Liaodong Bay exhibited a higher risk, with sectors 5 and 10 exhibiting the most significant risk, while sectors 1 and 2 demonstrated relatively lower risk levels. The concurrence of these findings with acknowledged ice patterns and local maritime practices confirms the applicability of the POLARIS methodology in saline, seasonally ice-covered seas. Notably, the combination of POLARIS with high-resolution satellite imagery facilitated a more precise and rapid assessment of ice risk, thereby enhancing situational awareness and informing decision-making processes in maritime operations under icy conditions. In addition, this study provides preliminary evidence that POLARIS is suitable for fine-scale scenarios, in addition to being applicable to sparse-scale scenarios, such as polar waters, especially with high-resolution ice data. At the same time, this study highlights the potential of POLARIS as a disaster prevention strategy and a tool for the maritime industry to address ice challenges.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Optimization for Offshore Prestressed Concrete–Steel Hybrid Wind Turbine Support Structure with Pile Foundation Using a Parallel Modified Particle Swarm Algorithm
by
Zeyu Li, Bin Xu and Guokai Yuan
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050826 - 15 May 2024
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The prestressed concrete–steel hybrid (PCSH) support structure, which replaces the lower part of the traditional support with a concrete segment, is a prospective support structure solution for ultrahigh wind turbines. Taking a 5.5 MW wind turbine support structure founded on a jacket substructure
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The prestressed concrete–steel hybrid (PCSH) support structure, which replaces the lower part of the traditional support with a concrete segment, is a prospective support structure solution for ultrahigh wind turbines. Taking a 5.5 MW wind turbine support structure founded on a jacket substructure with pile foundation as an example, an optimized design of the corresponding PCSH support structure with pile foundation for offshore wind turbine is conducted considering the soil–structure interaction (SSI) and the effect of water pressure. The construction cost of the proposed structure is treated as the objective function and minimized with a parallel modified particle swarm optimization (PMPSO) algorithm where the physical dimensions of each part of the PCSH wind turbine support structure are treated as optimization variables. Eleven optimization constraints are considered under both the serviceability limit state (SLS) and the ultimate limit state (ULS) according to relevant specifications and industry standards. A penalty function strategy is introduced to make sure that these constraints are fulfilled. The mechanical behavior and the cost of the optimal PCSH support structure with pile foundation are analyzed and are compared with those of the original design with a traditional steel tube tower founded on a jacket substructure. The results show that the cost and levelized cost of energy (LCOE), a comprehensive evaluation, of the optimized PCSH support decrease obviously with the PMPSO algorithm, which can provide advanced mechanic behavior including natural frequency, top deformation, and anti-overturning capacity. Compared with the PSO algorithm, the PMPSO algorithm has better performance in the procedure of PCSH support for offshore wind turbine optimization.
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Open AccessArticle
A Novel Positional Calibration Method for an Underwater Acoustic Beacon Array Based on the Equivalent Virtual Long Baseline Positioning Model
by
Ge Zhang, Guoxing Yi, Zhennan Wei, Yangguang Xie and Ziyang Qi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050825 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
The performance of long baseline (LBL) positioning systems is significantly impacted by the distribution and positional calibration accuracy of underwater acoustic beacon arrays. In previous calibration methods for beacon arrays based on autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) platforms, the slant range information of each
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The performance of long baseline (LBL) positioning systems is significantly impacted by the distribution and positional calibration accuracy of underwater acoustic beacon arrays. In previous calibration methods for beacon arrays based on autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) platforms, the slant range information of each beacon was processed independently, and each beacon was calibrated one at a time. This approach not only decreases the calibration efficiency but also leaves the positional calibration accuracy of each beacon highly susceptible to the navigation trajectory of the AUV. To overcome these limitations, an equivalent virtual LBL (EVLBL) positioning model is introduced in this paper. This model operates by adjusting the positions of each beacon according to the dead reckoning increments computed during the AUV’s reception of positioning signals, effectively forming a virtual beacon array. Consequently, the AUV is capable of mitigating LBL positioning errors that arise from its motion by simultaneously receiving positioning signals from all beacons. Additionally, an overall calibration method for beacon arrays based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. In this approach, the minimization of the deviation between the EVLBL trajectory and the dead reckoning trajectory is set as the optimization objective, and the coordinates of each beacon are iteratively optimized. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EVLBL-based PSO algorithm (EVPSO) significantly enhanced the calibration efficiency and positional accuracy of the beacon array. Compared with conventional methods, the estimation error of the beacon positions was reduced from 6.40 m to within 1.00 m. After compensating for the beacon array positions, the positioning error of the LBL system decreased from approximately 5.00 m (with conventional methods) to around 1.00 m (with EVPSO), demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Navigation and Detection Fusion for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles)
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