MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

11 pages, 811 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Approaches in Treating Double-J Stent Syndrome: Monotherapy or Combination Therapy?

by Cătălin Pricop, Carina Alexandra Bandac, Marius Ivanuță, Daniel Rădăvoi, Viorel Jinga and Dragoş Puia

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(14), 4278; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144278 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The application of double-J ureteral stents in urology is widespread, but their use is often accompanied by complications and bothersome symptoms, affecting patients’ quality of life (QoL). While various medications have been tested for alleviating the symptoms associated with double-J stents, [...] Read more.

Introduction: The application of double-J ureteral stents in urology is widespread, but their use is often accompanied by complications and bothersome symptoms, affecting patients’ quality of life (QoL). While various medications have been tested for alleviating the symptoms associated with double-J stents, consensus on their effectiveness remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of tamsulosin, solifenacin, mirabegron, desloratadine, and combination therapy using a Romanian-adapted version of the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ). Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational, randomised trial was conducted at the Urology and Renal Transplant Clinic of Dr. “C.I. Parhon” Clinical Hospital in Iasi between 1 January 2022 and 1 August 2023. Three hundred twenty seven patients who underwent their first double-J stent insertion were evaluated with the Romanian-adapted USSQ at baseline and 30 days post-insertion. Patients were randomly divided into six groups based on the prescribed medications: control, tamsulosin, mirabegron, solifenacin, desloratadine, and combination therapy. Results: The data suggest a significant reduction in symptoms in patients who received medication compared with the control group. Furthermore, the combined medication of solifenacin 10 mg and tamsulosin 0.4 mg was particularly effective in reducing pain with statistical significance compared to the control group (p = 0.001). The highest mean scores for urinary symptom severity were observed in the control group (12.37 ± 6.82), and the lowest was in the mirabegron group (9.94 ± 5.82). The individuals who received a daily dose of 50 mg of mirabegron saw the most notable influence on their job. Conclusions: While no single medication emerged as a “miracle drug” for managing symptoms related to double-J stent insertion, the combination therapy of solifenacin and tamsulosin is the most promising option for improving symptoms related to double-J stent insertion and QoL. Additional extensive research is required to validate these initial results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Kidney Stones: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives)

21 pages, 2949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lithium-Rich Deposits in the Liangshan Formation during the Permian in the Upper Yangtze Plate, China

by Yin Gong, Chun-Yao Liu, Yin Liu, Li Lei, Meng Xiang, Bo Yang, Zhou Zhou, Yang Zhang, Xiang-Rong Yang, Lei Yan and Yuan Xiong

Minerals 2024, 14(7), 735; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070735 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

With the increasing demand for lithium (Li) resources in industry, there has been new attention on clay-type lithium-rich deposits recently. In this study, a Li-rich clay deposit with a Li₂O content up to 0.3% in the Liangshan Formation in the upper [...] Read more.

With the increasing demand for lithium (Li) resources in industry, there has been new attention on clay-type lithium-rich deposits recently. In this study, a Li-rich clay deposit with a Li₂O content up to 0.3% in the Liangshan Formation in the upper Yangtze, South China Block was demonstrated. We analysed the mineralogy and element geochemistry of the samples from the Liangshan Formation and its underlying and overlying layers. Kaolinite (average 53%, up to 93%) was the major mineral in the samples from the Liangshan Formation. The Li concentrations increased with increasing kaolinite compositions and Al₂O₃ concentrations. Furthermore, based on the geochemical indicators, it was suggested that the clay formation and Li enrichment were related to the weathering processes of the bottom impure limestone under the hot and wet climate, and the sedimentary processes in the anoxic, still, and flat land–sea interaction area in the Upper Yangtze. The Li was probably sourced from the bottom impure limestone during the weathering stage. The samples from the Liangshan Formation also showed REE enrichment from 117 to 729 μg/g. Full article

16 pages, 1213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Composite Copolymer Beads Incorporating Red Mud for Water Amendment by Adsorption—Oxidation Processes

by Teodor Sandu, Elena Alina Olaru, Raul-Augustin Mitran, Andreea Miron, Sorin-Viorel Dolana, Anamaria Zaharia, Ana-Mihaela Gavrilă, Marinela-Victoria Dumitru, Anita-Laura Chiriac, Andrei Sârbu and Tanța-Verona Iordache

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6386; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146386 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

We face significant environmental pollution problems due to various industries, such as the aluminum industry, which generates large amounts of red mud (RM) waste, or agriculture, in which case the use of pesticides creates huge water pollution problems. In this context, the present [...] Read more.

We face significant environmental pollution problems due to various industries, such as the aluminum industry, which generates large amounts of red mud (RM) waste, or agriculture, in which case the use of pesticides creates huge water pollution problems. In this context, the present study offers a better perspective to originally solve both environmental issues. Thus, the main target of the study referred to using RM waste as a filler for preparing composite copolymer beads. Thereafter, this can achieve significant removal of water pollutants due to their adsorption/oxidation characteristics. As evidenced by the changes in chemical structure and composition, thermal stability, morphology, and porosity, RM was homogenously incorporated in poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) beads prepared by wet phase inversion. The final assessment for the removal of pesticides by adsorption and oxidation processes was proven successful. In this regard, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was chosen as a model pollutant, for which an adsorption capacity of 16.08 mg/g composite beads was achieved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollution Control Chemistry II)

15 pages, 1162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

QuEChERS Extraction and Simultaneous Quantification in GC-MS/MS of Hexahydrocannabinol Epimers and Their Metabolites in Whole Blood, Urine, and Oral Fluid

by Annagiulia Di Trana, Giorgia Sprega, Giorgi Kobidze, Omayema Taoussi, Alfredo Fabrizio Lo Faro, Giulia Bambagiotti, Eva Montanari, Maria Sofia Fede, Jeremy Carlier, Anastasio Tini, Francesco Paolo Busardò, Alessandro Di Giorgi and Simona Pichini

Molecules 2024, 29(14), 3440; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143440 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Recently, hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) was posed under strict control in Europe due to the increasing HHC-containing material seizures. The lack of analytical methods in clinical laboratories to detect HHC and its metabolites in biological matrices may result in related intoxication underreporting. We developed and [...] Read more.

Recently, hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) was posed under strict control in Europe due to the increasing HHC-containing material seizures. The lack of analytical methods in clinical laboratories to detect HHC and its metabolites in biological matrices may result in related intoxication underreporting. We developed and validated a comprehensive GC-MS/MS method to quantify 9(R)-HHC, 9(S)-HHC, 9αOH-HHC, 9βOH-HHC, 8(R)OH-9(R)-HHC, 8(S)OH-9(S)HHC, 11OH-9(R)HHC, 11OH-9(S)HHC, 11nor-carboxy-9(R)-HHC, and 11nor-carboxy-9(S)-HHC in whole blood, urine, and oral fluid. A novel QuEChERS extraction protocol was optimized selecting the best extraction conditions suitable for all the three matrices. Urine and blood were incubated with β-glucuronidase at 60 °C for 2 h. QuEChERS extraction was developed assessing different ratios of Na₂SO₄:NaCl (4:1, 2:1, 1:1, w/w) to be added to 200 µL of any matrix added with acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a 7890B GC with an HP-5ms column, (30 m, 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) in 12.50 min. The analytes were detected with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in the MRM mode. The method was fully validated following OSAC guidelines. The method showed good validation parameters in all the matrices. The method was applied to ten real samples of whole blood (n = 4), urine (n = 3), and oral fluid (n = 3). 9(R)-HHC was the prevalent epimer in all the samples (9(R)/9(S) = 2.26). As reported, hydroxylated metabolites are proposed as urinary biomarkers, while carboxylated metabolites are hematic biomarkers. Furthermore, 8(R)OH-9(R)HHC was confirmed as the most abundant metabolite in all urine samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)

7 pages, 447 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Effectiveness of Combination of Tibolone and Lactobacilli Plus Lactoferrin in Postmenopausal Women with Vulvar Vestibular Pain: A Preliminary Report

by Vincenzo De Leo, Laura Governini, Rosetta Ponchia, Dario Recalcati and Filippo Murina

Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2378; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142378 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Background: Postmenopausal dyspareunia and vulvar pain are common complaints, affecting about 60% of women within a few years after hormone levels begin to decline (such as estrogen and androgen). Atrophic changes mainly located in the vulvar vestibule and vulnerability to vulvovaginal infections in [...] Read more.

Background: Postmenopausal dyspareunia and vulvar pain are common complaints, affecting about 60% of women within a few years after hormone levels begin to decline (such as estrogen and androgen). Atrophic changes mainly located in the vulvar vestibule and vulnerability to vulvovaginal infections in postmenopause could be predisposing factors to the development of vulvar burning/pain and introital dyspareunia (vestibulodynia secondary to atrophy). Tibolone is the most effective and safe alternative for treating menopausal symptoms. The role of Lactobacilli and lactoferrin shows its effectiveness in the treatment of vaginal microbiota dysbiosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of the combination of tibolone and an oral-specific Lactobacilli mixture in combination with bovine lactoferrin as synergistic therapy for the treatment of vestibulodynia related to atrophy. Methods: In this study, we included 35 postmenopausal women with at least 1 year of amenorrhea, affected by vulvar burning/pain and introital dyspareunia. All participants received treatment with open-label, oral Tibolone 2.5 mg and Lactobacilli mixture (5 × 10⁹ CFU per capsule) in combination with bovine lactoferrin (Respecta^®). Each product was taken once daily for 90 days. Results: After 90 d of therapy with TIB+ Respecta^®, in 30 women that completed the treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease from the baseline in the mean of the Visual Analog Scale for vulvar burning/pain and a reduction in scores in the pain evaluation test. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the combination of TIB+ Respecta^® was effective in reducing symptoms related to vestibular pain and hypersensitivity in a postmenopausal setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Prebiotics and Probiotics)

16 pages, 721 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fault Characterization for AC/DC Distribution Networks Considering the Control Strategy of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Battery

by Yubo Yuan, Juan Li, Pengpeng Lyu, Zhonghao Qian, Yunlong Jiang and Jiaming Wang

Batteries 2024, 10(7), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10070259 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

In order to cope with the failure of existing fault analysis schemes for AC/DC distribution networks with a high proportion of distributed generations, this paper proposes a fault characteristic analysis method for AC/DC distribution networks that considers the influence of distributed generation control [...] Read more.

In order to cope with the failure of existing fault analysis schemes for AC/DC distribution networks with a high proportion of distributed generations, this paper proposes a fault characteristic analysis method for AC/DC distribution networks that considers the influence of distributed generation control strategies. Firstly, a transient model for the AC/DC distribution network connected to distributed generations is built. Then, the fault characteristics of the AC/DC distribution network in different stages, such as the capacitor discharge stage, inductive renewal stage, and steady state stage, is analyzed. Finally, detailed simulation analysis is conducted using PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the effectiveness of the developed scheme by the superior approximation performance between simulated curves and calculated curves. Full article

29 pages, 952 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Systematic Literature Review on The Strategic Shift to Cloud ERP: Leveraging Microservice Architecture and MSPs for Resilience and Agility

by Chulhyung Lee, Hayoung Fiona Kim and Bong Gyou Lee

Electronics 2024, 13(14), 2885; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142885 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated profound changes in the business and technology landscapes, compelling organizations to reassess their Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Traditional ERP systems have demonstrated significant limitations in agility, scalability, and resilience, prompting a strategic shift towards cloud-based ERP solutions. [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated profound changes in the business and technology landscapes, compelling organizations to reassess their Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Traditional ERP systems have demonstrated significant limitations in agility, scalability, and resilience, prompting a strategic shift towards cloud-based ERP solutions. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to critically evaluate the transformation of ERP systems through the adoption of Microservice Architecture (MSA) and the integration of Managed Service Providers (MSPs), highlighting their role in enhancing system flexibility and operational continuity in a post-pandemic world. We conducted a systematic analysis of 124 scholarly articles published since 2010 to compare traditional ERP systems with MSA-based Cloud ERP solutions. Key insights reveal that MSA significantly improves system modularity and adaptability, addressing the shortcomings of monolithic architectures. Additionally, MSPs offer crucial support in managing the complexities of cloud transitions, ensuring security and efficiency. Our findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach to ERP modernization, integrating technological advancements with strategic business objectives. This study not only fills a critical gap in the literature but also provides actionable recommendations for practitioners and policymakers aiming to enhance ERP systems’ resilience and agility. Future research directions are proposed to further explore the synergistic potential of cloud ERP, MSA, and MSPs in fostering innovative and sustainable business practices. Full article

25 pages, 361 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Interval-Valued Soft Separation Axioms

by J. I. Baek, T. M. Al-shami, S. Jafari, M. Cheong and K. Hur

Axioms 2024, 13(7), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms13070493 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Our research’s main aim is to study two viewpoints: First, we define partial interval-valued soft T

_{i}

(j)-spaces (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4; j = i, ii), study some of their properties and some of relationships among them, and give some [...] Read more.

Our research’s main aim is to study two viewpoints: First, we define partial interval-valued soft T

_{i}

(j)-spaces (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4; j = i, ii), study some of their properties and some of relationships among them, and give some examples. Second, we introduce the notions of partial total interval-valued soft T

_{j}

(i)-spaces (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4; j = i, ii) and discuss some of their properties. We present some relationships among them and give some examples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Octahedron Sets and Its Applications)

18 pages, 1666 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatiotemporal Feature Fusion Transformer for Precipitation Nowcasting via Feature Crossing

by Taisong Xiong, Weiping Wang, Jianxin He, Rui Su, Hao Wang and Jinrong Hu

Remote Sens. 2024, 16(14), 2685; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142685 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Precipitation nowcasting plays an important role in mitigating the damage caused by severe weather. The objective of precipitation nowcasting is to forecast the weather conditions 0–2 h ahead. Traditional models based on numerical weather prediction and radar echo extrapolation obtain relatively better results. [...] Read more.

Precipitation nowcasting plays an important role in mitigating the damage caused by severe weather. The objective of precipitation nowcasting is to forecast the weather conditions 0–2 h ahead. Traditional models based on numerical weather prediction and radar echo extrapolation obtain relatively better results. In recent years, models based on deep learning have also been applied to precipitation nowcasting and have shown improvement. However, the forecast accuracy is decreased with longer forecast times and higher intensities. To mitigate the shortcomings of existing models for precipitation nowcasting, we propose a novel model that fuses spatiotemporal features for precipitation nowcasting. The proposed model uses an encoder–forecaster framework that is similar to U-Net. First, in the encoder, we propose a spatial and temporal multi-head squared attention module based on MaxPool and AveragePool to capture every independent sequence feature, as well as a global spatial and temporal feedforward network, to learn the global and long-distance relationships between whole spatiotemporal sequences. Second, we propose a cross-feature fusion strategy to enhance the interactions between features. This strategy is applied to the components of the forecaster. Based on the cross-feature fusion strategy, we constructed a novel multi-head squared cross-feature fusion attention module and cross-feature fusion feedforward network in the forecaster. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model more effectively forecasted high-intensity levels than other models. These results prove the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of predicting convective weather. This indicates that our proposed model provides a feasible solution for precipitation nowcasting. Extensive experiments also proved the effectiveness of the components of the proposed model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning Techniques Applied in Remote Sensing)

18 pages, 15194 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Coseismic Landslide Susceptibility Following the 2022 Luding Earthquake: A Comparative Analysis of Six Displacement Regression Models Integrating Epicentral and Seismogenic Fault Distances within the Permanent-Displacement Framework

by Tianhao Liu, Mingdong Zang, Jianbing Peng and Chong Xu

Remote Sens. 2024, 16(14), 2675; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142675 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Coseismic landslides have the potential to cause catastrophic disasters. Thus, it is of crucial importance to conduct a comprehensive regional assessment of susceptibility to coseismic landslides. This study rigorously interprets 13,759 coseismic landslides triggered by the 2022 Luding earthquake within the seismic zone. [...] Read more.

Coseismic landslides have the potential to cause catastrophic disasters. Thus, it is of crucial importance to conduct a comprehensive regional assessment of susceptibility to coseismic landslides. This study rigorously interprets 13,759 coseismic landslides triggered by the 2022 Luding earthquake within the seismic zone. Employing the Newmark method, we systematically assess the susceptibility to coseismic landslides through the application of six distinct displacement regression models. The efficacy of these models is validated against the actual landslide inventory using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A hazard map of coseismic landslides is generated based on the displacement regression model with the highest degree of fit. The results show that Moxi Town, Detuo Town, the flanks of the Daduhe River, Wandonghe River, Hailuogou River, and Yanzigou River are high-susceptibility areas for coseismic landslides. This study explores factors influencing model fit, revealing that the inclusion of the epicentral distance and the distance to the seismogenic fault in displacement prediction enhances model performance. Nevertheless, in close proximity to fault zones, the distance to the seismogenic fault exerts a more significant influence on the spatial distribution density of coseismic landslides compared to the epicentral distance. Conversely, in regions situated further from fault zones, the epicentral distance has a greater impact on the spatial distribution density of coseismic landslides compared to the distance to the seismogenic fault. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of coseismic landslide susceptibility and offer valuable insights for future Newmark method-based coseismic landslide displacement calculations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Database, Mechanism and Risk Assessment of Slope Geologic Hazards)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1807 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Globally Accurate Neural Network Potential Energy Surface and Quantum Dynamics Studies on Be⁺(²S) + H₂/D₂ → BeH⁺/BeD⁺ + H/D Reactions

by Zijiang Yang, Furong Cao, Huiying Cheng, Siwen Liu and Jingchang Sun

Molecules 2024, 29(14), 3436; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143436 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Chemical reactions between Be⁺ ions and H₂ molecules have significance in the fields of ultracold chemistry and astrophysics, but the corresponding dynamics studies on the ground-state reaction have not been reported because of the lack of a global potential energy surface [...] Read more.

Chemical reactions between Be⁺ ions and H₂ molecules have significance in the fields of ultracold chemistry and astrophysics, but the corresponding dynamics studies on the ground-state reaction have not been reported because of the lack of a global potential energy surface (PES). Herein, a globally accurate ground-state BeH₂⁺PES is constructed using the neural network model based on 18,657 ab initio points calculated by the multi-reference configuration interaction method with the aug-cc-PVQZ basis set. On the newly constructed PES, the state-to-state quantum dynamics calculations of the Be⁺(²S) + H₂(v₀= 0; j₀= 0) and Be⁺(²S) + D₂(v₀= 0; j₀= 0) reactions are performed using the time-dependent wave packet method. The calculated results suggest that the two reactions are dominated by the complex-forming mechanism and the direct abstraction process at relatively low and high collision energies, respectively, and the isotope substitution has little effect on the reaction dynamics characteristics. The new PES can be used to further study the reaction dynamics of the BeH₂⁺ system, such as the effects of rovibrational excitations and alignment of reactant molecules, and the present dynamics data could provide an important reference for further experimental studies at a finer level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Dynamics Study on Chemical Reactions)

17 pages, 1809 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Series of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers as Luminescent Sensors for Selective Detection of Inorganic Ions and Nitrobenzene

by Miao Wu, Juan Song, Yun-Long Zhou, Hui-Hui Chen, Bo-Feng Duan, Ling-Xia Jin, Chuan-Qing Ren and Jiu-Fu Lu

Molecules 2024, 29(14), 3438; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143438 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Seven new lanthanide coordination polymers, namely [Ln(cpt)₃H₂O)]n(Ln = La (1), Pr (2), Sm (3), Eu (4), Gd (5), Dy (6), and Er (7)), which were [...] Read more.

Seven new lanthanide coordination polymers, namely [Ln(cpt)₃H₂O)]n(Ln = La (1), Pr (2), Sm (3), Eu (4), Gd (5), Dy (6), and Er (7)), which were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using 4′-(4-(4-carboxyphenyloxy)phenyl)-4,2′:6′,4′-tripyridine (Hcpt) as the ligand. The crystal structures of these seven complexes were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and they were found to be isostructural, crystallizing in the triclinic P

\bar{1}

space group. The Ln(Ⅲ) ions were nine-coordinated with tricapped trigonal prism coordination geometry. The Ln(Ⅲ) cations were coordinated by carboxylic and pyridine groups from (cpt)⁻ ligands, forming one-dimensional ring-chain structures. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of complexes 1–7 were investigated using fluorescent spectra in the solid state. The fluorescence sensing experiments demonstrated that complex 4 exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity for detecting Co²⁺, Cu²⁺ ions, and nitrobenzene. Moreover, complex 3 shows good capability for detecting Cu²⁺ ions and nitrobenzene. Additionally, the sensing mechanism was also thoroughly examined through theoretical calculations. Full article

17 pages, 1350 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Electrodeposition in Deep Eutectic Solvents: The “Obvious”, the “Unexpected” and the “Wonders”

by Thomas Doneux, Alassane Sorgho, Fousséni Soma, Quentin Rayée and Moussa Bougouma

Molecules 2024, 29(14), 3439; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143439 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are attracting considerable attention as non-conventional media for electrodeposition processes. This opinion contribution discusses the debated nature and definition of these solvents as well as some practical considerations of relevance when performing electrodeposition studies in DESs. Using a few [...] Read more.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are attracting considerable attention as non-conventional media for electrodeposition processes. This opinion contribution discusses the debated nature and definition of these solvents as well as some practical considerations of relevance when performing electrodeposition studies in DESs. Using a few illustrative case studies, it is shown that speciation is a key factor determining the electrochemical behaviour of chemical elements in different DESs, and that accounting for the speciation strong similarities can often be found with more conventional or more documented solvents. The need for thermodynamic data is emphasised and it is suggested to expand the composition range of these solvents beyond fixed ratios between the components to exploit the full potentialities of DESs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Deep Eutectic Solvents)

24 pages, 5059 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fractionation of Aerosols by Particle Size and Material Composition Using a Classifying Aerodynamic Lens

by Matthias Masuhr and Frank Einar Kruis

Powders 2024, 3(3), 392-415; https://doi.org/10.3390/powders3030022 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

The fractionation of airborne particles based on multiple characteristics is becoming increasingly significant in various industrial and research sectors, including mining and recycling. Recent developments aim to characterize and fractionate particles based on multiple properties simultaneously. This study investigates the fractionation of a [...] Read more.

The fractionation of airborne particles based on multiple characteristics is becoming increasingly significant in various industrial and research sectors, including mining and recycling. Recent developments aim to characterize and fractionate particles based on multiple properties simultaneously. This study investigates the fractionation of a technical aerosol composed of a mixture of micron-sized copper and silicon particles by size and material composition using a classifying aerodynamic lens (CAL) setup. Particle size distribution and material composition are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for samples collected from the feed stream (upstream of CAL) and product stream (downstream of CAL) at varying operational pressures. The experimental findings generally agree with the predictions of an analytical fractionation model but also point to the importance of particle shape as a third fractionation property. Moreover, the results suggest that material-based fractionation is efficient at low operational pressures, even when the aerodynamic properties of the particle species are similar. This finding could have significant implications for industries where precise particle fractionation is crucial. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Multidimensional Particle Properties: Characterization, Description, Separation)

22 pages, 1841 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Robust Broadband Frequency-Invariant Broadside Beampatterns for the Differential Loudspeaker Array

by Yankai Zhang, Hongjian Wei and Qiaoxi Zhu

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6383; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146383 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

The directional loudspeaker array has various applications due to its capability to direct sound generation towards the target listener and reduce noise pollution. Differential beamforming has recently been applied to the loudspeaker line array to produce a broadside frequency-invariant radiation pattern. However, the [...] Read more.

The directional loudspeaker array has various applications due to its capability to direct sound generation towards the target listener and reduce noise pollution. Differential beamforming has recently been applied to the loudspeaker line array to produce a broadside frequency-invariant radiation pattern. However, the existing methods cannot achieve a compromise between robustness and broadband frequency-invariant beampattern preservation. This paper proposed a robust broadband differential beamforming design to allow the loudspeaker line array to radiate broadside frequency-invariant radiation patterns with robustness. Specifically, we propose a method to determine the ideal broadside differential beampattern by combining multiple criteria, namely null positions, maximizing the directivity factor, and achieving a desired beampattern with equal sidelobes. We derive the above ideal broadside differential beampattern into the target beampattern in the modal domain. We propose a robust modal matching method with Tikhonov regularization to optimize the loudspeaker weights in the modal domain. Simulations and experiments show improved frequency-invariant broadside beamforming over the 250 Hz–4k Hz frequency range compared with the existing modal matching and null-constrained methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Noise Measurement, Acoustic Signal Processing and Noise Control)

15 pages, 540 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Secondary Cytoreductive Surgery in Relapsed Platinum-Sensitive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Andrea Svennevik Myhr, Line Bjørge and Cecilie Fredvik Torkildsen

Cancers 2024, 16(14), 2613; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16142613 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Secondary cytoreductive surgery is a treatment option for relapsed platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian cancer, but no clear indications are defined for the procedure. This systematic review aims to establish clear indications and compare outcomes versus standard-of-care chemotherapy. We conducted an electronic literature search across [...] Read more.

Secondary cytoreductive surgery is a treatment option for relapsed platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian cancer, but no clear indications are defined for the procedure. This systematic review aims to establish clear indications and compare outcomes versus standard-of-care chemotherapy. We conducted an electronic literature search across three databases and identified 2033 articles, including three phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCT). The review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42022379817). Despite varying patient selection methods, surgery plus chemotherapy demonstrated significantly prolonged progression-free survival compared to chemotherapy alone. However, overall survival outcomes were inconsistent: while GOG-0213 did not show extended overall survival, recent studies with stricter defined criteria for surgery (SOC-1 and DESKTOP-III) reported improved overall survival with the addition of surgery. Morbidity and mortality rates were low, with no difference in quality of life between the surgery and no-surgery groups. In conclusion, cytoreductive surgery presents a promising option for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer treatment. Nonetheless, well-defined selection criteria appear crucial for achieving increased overall survival compared to conventional treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ovarian Cancer Surgery)

22 pages, 5837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Projections on the Spatiotemporal Bioclimatic Change over the Phytogeographical Regions of Greece by the Emberger Index

by Ioannis Charalampopoulos, Fotoula Droulia, Ioannis P. Kokkoris and Panayotis Dimopoulos

Water 2024, 16(14), 2070; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16142070 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Unquestionably, the rapidly changing climate and, therefore, alterations in the associated bioclimate, constitute an alarming reality with implications for daily practice and natural capital management. This research displays the present and projected bioclimate evolution over Greece’s phytogeographical regions. For this purpose, ultrahigh-resolution computation [...] Read more.

Unquestionably, the rapidly changing climate and, therefore, alterations in the associated bioclimate, constitute an alarming reality with implications for daily practice and natural capital management. This research displays the present and projected bioclimate evolution over Greece’s phytogeographical regions. For this purpose, ultrahigh-resolution computation results on the spatial distribution of the Emberger index’s Q2 classes of bioclimatic characterization are analyzed and illustrated for the first time. The assessments are performed over the reference period (1970–2000) and two future time frames (2021–2040; 2041–2060) under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. By 2060 and under the extreme RCP8.5, intense xerothermic trends are demonstrated owing to the resulting significant spatial evolution mainly of the Arid–Hot, Semi-Arid–Very Hot, Semi-Arid–Hot, and Semi-Arid–Temperate Q2 classes, respectively, over the phytogeographical regions of Kiklades (up to 29% occupation), Kriti and Karpathos (up to 30%), West Aegean Islands (up to 26%), North East (up to 56%), and North Central (up to 31%). The RCP8.5 long-term period exhibits the strongest impacts over approximately the right half of the Greek territory, with the bioclimate appearing more dry–thermal in the future. In conclusion, the Emberger index provides an in-depth view of the Greek area’s bioclimatic regime and the potential alterations due to climate change per phytogeographical region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources: Assessment and Modeling)

15 pages, 1806 KiB

Open AccessArticle

FLRNN-FGA: Fractional-Order Lipschitz Recurrent Neural Network with Frequency-Domain Gated Attention Mechanism for Time Series Forecasting

by Chunna Zhao, Junjie Ye, Zelong Zhu and Yaqun Huang

Fractal Fract. 2024, 8(7), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070433 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Time series forecasting has played an important role in different industries, including economics, energy, weather, and healthcare. RNN-based methods have shown promising potential due to their strong ability to model the interaction of time and variables. However, they are prone to gradient issues [...] Read more.

Time series forecasting has played an important role in different industries, including economics, energy, weather, and healthcare. RNN-based methods have shown promising potential due to their strong ability to model the interaction of time and variables. However, they are prone to gradient issues like gradient explosion and vanishing gradients. And the prediction accuracy is not high. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a Fractional-order Lipschitz Recurrent Neural Network with a Frequency-domain Gated Attention mechanism (FLRNN-FGA). There are three major components: the Fractional-order Lipschitz Recurrent Neural Network (FLRNN), frequency module, and gated attention mechanism. In the FLRNN, fractional-order integration is employed to describe the dynamic systems accurately. It can capture long-term dependencies and improve prediction accuracy. Lipschitz weight matrices are applied to alleviate the gradient issues. In the frequency module, temporal data are transformed into the frequency domain by Fourier transform. Frequency domain processing can reduce the computational complexity of the model. In the gated attention mechanism, the gated structure can regulate attention information transmission to reduce the number of model parameters. Extensive experimental results on five real-world benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of FLRNN-FGA compared with the state-of-the-art methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Methods of Statistical Processing of Stochastic Signals in Fractional Dynamic Systems)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 749 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Open-Pit Mining Area Extraction Using Multispectral Remote Sensing Images: A Deep Learning Extraction Method Based on Transformer

by Qinghua Qiao, Yanyue Li and Huaquan Lv

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6384; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146384 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

In the era of remote sensing big data, the intelligent interpretation of remote sensing images is a key technology for mining the value of remote sensing big data and promoting a number of major applications, mainly including land cover classification and extraction. Among [...] Read more.

In the era of remote sensing big data, the intelligent interpretation of remote sensing images is a key technology for mining the value of remote sensing big data and promoting a number of major applications, mainly including land cover classification and extraction. Among these, the rapid extraction of open-pit mining areas plays a vital role in current practices for refined mineral resources development and management and ecological–environmental protection in China. However, existing methods are not accurate enough for classification, not fine enough for boundary extraction, and poor in terms of multi-scale adaptation. To address these issues, we propose a new semantic segmentation model based on Transformer, which is called Segmentation for Mine—SegMine—and consists of a Vision Transformer-based encoder and a lightweight attention mask decoder. The experimental results show that SegMine enhances the network’s ability to obtain local spatial detail information and improves the problem of disappearing small-scale object features and insufficient information expression. It also better preserves the boundary details of open-pit mining areas. Using the metrics of mIoU, precision, recall, and dice, experimental areas were selected for comparative analysis, and the results show that the new method is significantly better than six other existing major Transformer variants. Full article

36 pages, 2926 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Is Dark Matter a Misinterpretation of a Perspective Effect?

by Gianni Pascoli and Louis Pernas

Symmetry 2024, 16(7), 937; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16070937 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

Very recently, a straightforward method was proposed to understand galaxies and galactic clusters without using the very elusive dark matter concept. This method is called the

κ

-model. The main idea is to maintain the form of the usual physical laws, especially Newton’s [...] Read more.

Very recently, a straightforward method was proposed to understand galaxies and galactic clusters without using the very elusive dark matter concept. This method is called the

κ

-model. The main idea is to maintain the form of the usual physical laws, especially Newton’s laws of motion when gravity is weak, but only by applying a local scaling procedure for the related lengths, distances, and velocities. This local scaling appears as a correspondence principle in the

κ

-model. In this model, the fundamental physical constants remain universal, i.e., they are independent of a point in space and of time. The

κ

-model is Newtonian in its essence, but there is a relativistic extension that can easily be built. The aim of the present paper is to detail the mathematical formalism supporting it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Asymmetric and Symmetric Dark Matter)

23 pages, 7868 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Advanced Diagnostic Approach for Broken Rotor Bar Detection and Classification in DTC Controlled Induction Motors by Leveraging Dynamic SHAP Interaction Feature Selection (DSHAP-IFS) GBDT Methodology

by Muhammad Amir Khan, Bilal Asad, Toomas Vaimann and Ants Kallaste

Machines 2024, 12(7), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070495 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces a sophisticated approach for identifying and categorizing broken rotor bars in direct torque-controlled (DTC) induction motors. DTC is implemented in industrial drive systems as a suitable control method to preserve torque control performance, which sometimes shows its impact on fault-representing [...] Read more.

This paper introduces a sophisticated approach for identifying and categorizing broken rotor bars in direct torque-controlled (DTC) induction motors. DTC is implemented in industrial drive systems as a suitable control method to preserve torque control performance, which sometimes shows its impact on fault-representing frequencies. This is because of the DTC’s closed-loop control nature, whichtriesto reduce speed and torque ripples by changing the voltage profile. The proposed model utilizes the modified Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) technique in combination with gradient-boosting decision trees (GBDT) to detect and classify the abnormalities in BRBs at diverse (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) loading conditions. To prevent overfitting of the proposed model, we used the adaptive fold cross-validation (AF-CV) technique, which can dynamically adjust the number of folds during the optimization process. By employing extensive feature engineering in the original dataset and then applying Shapely Additive exPlanations(SHAP)-based feature selection, our methodology effectively identifies informative features from signals (three-phase current, three-phase voltage, torque, and speed) and motor characteristics. The gradient-boosting decision tree (GBDT) classifier, trained using the given characteristics, extracts consistent and reliable classification performance under different loading circumstances and enables precise and accurate detection and classification of broken rotor bars. The proposed approach (SHAP-Fusion GBDT with AF-CV) is a major advancement in the field of machine learning in detecting motor anomalies at varying loading conditions and proved to be an effective mechanism for preventative maintenance and preventing faults in DTC-controlled induction motors byattaining an accuracy rate of 99% for all loading conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Based Predictive Maintenance and Condition Monitoring)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 9504 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Systematic Hierarchical Virtual Screening Model for RhlR Inhibitors Based on PCA, Pharmacophore, Docking, and Molecular Dynamics

by Jiarui Du, Jiahao Li, Juqi Wen, Jun Liu, Haichuan Xiao, Antian Zhang, Dongdong Yang, Pinghua Sun, Haibo Zhou and Jun Xu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 8000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25148000 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

RhlR plays a key role in the quorum sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The current structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of RhlR inhibitors mainly focus on elucidating the functional groups. Based on a systematic review of previous research on RhlR inhibitors, this study aims to [...] Read more.

RhlR plays a key role in the quorum sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The current structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of RhlR inhibitors mainly focus on elucidating the functional groups. Based on a systematic review of previous research on RhlR inhibitors, this study aims to establish a systematic, hierarchical screening model for RhlR inhibitors. We initially established a database and utilized principal component analysis (PCA) to categorize the inhibitors into two classes. Based on the training set, pharmacophore models were established to elucidate the structural characteristics of ligands. Subsequently, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and the calculation of binding free energy and strain energy were performed to validate the crucial interactions between ligands and receptors. Then, the screening criteria for RhlR inhibitors were established hierarchically based on ligand structure characteristics, ligand–receptor interaction, and receptor affinity. Test sets were finally employed to validate the hierarchical virtual screening model by comparing it with the current SAR studies of RhlR inhibitors. The hierarchical screening model was confirmed to possess higher accuracy and a true positive rate, which holds promise for subsequent screening and the discovery of active RhlR inhibitors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Informatics)

17 pages, 3271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Joint Scheduling Method for Pumped Storage Units and Renewable Energy Sources

by Boyuan Lin, Ying Huang, Ling Xu, Zheng Xu, Guoteng Wang and Le Zhao

Electronics 2024, 13(14), 2884; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142884 (registering DOI) - 22 Jul 2024

Abstract

With the integration of renewable energy sources, how we can improve the stability of the new energy power system has become an urgent issue pursued by scholars. In this paper, a joint scheduling method for pumped storage units (PSUs) and renewable energy sources [...] Read more.

With the integration of renewable energy sources, how we can improve the stability of the new energy power system has become an urgent issue pursued by scholars. In this paper, a joint scheduling method for pumped storage units (PSUs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) considering frequency deviation and voltage stiffness constraints is proposed. First, the analytical expression of the frequency deviation constraint is derived based on the primary frequency regulation model. Then, the voltage stiffness constraint is constructed to describe the system’s capability of maintaining the voltage magnitude. Finally, to minimize the renewable energy abandonment caused by stability requirements, the joint scheduling model for PSUs and RESs is established. The application of the method ensures that the frequency deviation of the modified IEEE 39 bus system is less than 0.5 Hz, while the voltage stiffness remains above 0.9. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Recent Articles

Open Access Journals

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

News

Blog Posts

Topics

Selected Special Issues

Selected Collections

Journals by Subject

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI