Preferences of Adults for Synanthropic Flora in the Sustainable Development of Polish Cities’ Green Areas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- What aspects of the synanthropic plant species perception increase the overall residents’ acceptance of these plants in urban spaces?
- How do perceptions of synanthropic plants differ in terms of the demographic profile of respondents?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Participants, and Questionnaire
2.2. Statistical Analysis
- -
- X1—The use of synanthropic vegetation found in turfgrasses has a positive impact on the visual attractiveness of a site.
- -
- X2—Synanthropic plant communities present themselves better than others.
- -
- X3—The presence of synanthropic vegetation in your estate improves the quality of life in that location.
- -
- X4—The introduction of synanthropic plants into estate arrangements is positive.
- -
- X5—I support the use of synanthropic plants for educational purposes—as elements of playgrounds or in the form of environmental workshops.
2.3. Characteristics of Respondents
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender | |||
---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | ||
71.36 | 28.64 | ||
Age | |||
18–25 | 26–35 | 36–55 | Over 55 |
63.76 | 7.16 | 22.37 | 6.71 |
Education | |||
Primary | Vocational | Secondary | Higher |
8.05 | 3.36 | 54.81 | 33.78 |
Place of residence | |||
Countryside | Towns up to 100 thous. Inhabitants | Towns between 100 and 500 thous. inhabitants | Towns over 500 thous. inhabitants |
20.13 | 24.16 | 9.84 | 45.86 |
Per Capita Income PLN (EUR) 1 | |||
No answer | Under 2500 PLN (576.15 EUR) | 2501–4500 PLN (576.16–1037.06 EUR) | Over 4500 PLN (1037.06 EUR) |
9.40 | 25.06 | 38.03 | 27.52 |
Variables | Assessment b | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
The use of synanthropic vegetation found in turfgrasses has a positive impact on the visual attractiveness of a site | X1 | 0.1604 | 0.0000 |
Synanthropic plant communities present themselves better than others | X2 | 0.0771 | 0.0272 |
The presence of synanthropic vegetation in your estate improves the quality of life in that location | X3 | 0.1403 | 0.0003 |
The introduction of synanthropic plants into estate arrangements is positive | X4 | 0.3085 | 0.0000 |
I support the use of synanthropic plants for educational purposes—as elements of playgrounds or in the form of environmental workshops | X5 | 0.2840 | 0.0000 |
Constant | 0.3160 |
Variables | Men | Women | Z-Value U Mann–Whitney Test Men vs. Woman | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Level of acceptance of synanthropic vegetation in urban greenery (Yw) | 3.98 | 4.19 | −1.9 | 0.060 |
The use of synanthropic vegetation found in turfgrasses has a positive impact on the visual attractiveness of a site (X1) | 3.66 | 3.83 | −1.27 | 0.203 |
Synanthropic plant communities present themselves better than others (X2) | 3.20 | 3.15 | 0.39 | 0.695 |
The presence of synanthropic vegetation in your estate improves the quality of life in that location (X3) | 3.53 | 3.85 | −2.74 | 0.006 |
The introduction of synanthropic plants into estate arrangements is positive (X4) | 3.82 | 4.15 | −3.16 | 0.002 |
I support the use of synanthropic plants for educational purposes—as elements of playgrounds or in the form of environmental workshops (X5) | 3.96 | 4.26 | −2.64 | 0.008 |
Statements | Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Z-Value U Mann–Whitney Test for Pairs Age Groups | H-Value Kruskal–Wallis Test for Age | ||||
26–35 | 36–55 | Over 55 | |||
Level of acceptance of synanthropic vegetation in urban greenery (Yw) | 18–25 | 1.51 | 2.20 | 0.72 | 8.77 * |
26–35 | 0.13 | 1.65 | |||
36–55 | 1.89 | ||||
The use of synanthropic vegetation found in turfgrasses has a positive impact on the visual attractiveness of a site (X1) | 18–25 | 1.95 | 3.70 * | 0.52 | 16.92 * |
26–35 | 0.33 | 1.04 | |||
36–55 | 0.33 | 1.59 | |||
Synanthropic plant communities present themselves better than others (X2) | 18–25 | 0.37 | 3.24 * | 0.39 | 12.50 * |
26–35 | 1.51 | 0.57 | |||
36–55 | 2.17 | ||||
The presence of synanthropic vegetation in your estate improves the quality of life in that location (X3) | 18–25 | 0.88 | 2.82 * | 0.67 | 10.27 * |
26–35 | 0.81 | 1.15 | |||
36–55 | 2.20 | ||||
The introduction of synanthropic plants into estate arrangements is positive (X4) | 18–25 | 1.58 | 2.72 * | 0.97 | 12.43 * |
26–35 | 0.10 | 1.89 | |||
36–55 | 2.42 | ||||
I support the use of synanthropic plants for educational purposes—as elements of playgrounds or in the form of environmental workshops (X5) | 18–25 | 1.26 | 3.21 * | 0.23 | 13.70 * |
26–35 | 0.68 | 1.10 | |||
36–55 | 2.01 |
Statements | Education | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
U Mann–Whitney Test for Pairs Education Groups | Kruskal–Wallis Test for Education | ||||
Vocational | Secondary | Higher | |||
Level of acceptance of synanthropic vegetation in urban greenery (Yw) | Primary | 1.51 | 2.20 | 0.72 | 8.77 * |
Vocational | 0.13 | 1.65 | |||
Secondary | 1.89 | ||||
The use of synanthropic vegetation found in turfgrasses has a positive impact on the visual attractiveness of a site (X1) | Primary | 2.29 | 2.12 | 2.99 | 12.40 * |
Vocational | 1.23 | 0.56 | |||
Secondary | 1.70 | ||||
Synanthropic plant communities present themselves better than others (X2) | Primary | 1.46 | 0.46 | 1.54 | 6.65 |
Vocational | 1.37 | 0.60 | |||
Secondary | 1.96 | ||||
The presence of synanthropic vegetation in your estate improves the quality of life in that location (X3) | Primary | 0.49 | 1.32 | 2.81 * | 12.84 * |
Vocational | 0.32 | 1.36 | |||
Secondary | 2.75 * | ||||
The introduction of synanthropic plants into estate arrangements is positive (X4) | Primary | 2.68 * | 2.55 | 3.84 * | 19.95 * |
Vocational | 1.38 | 0.41 | |||
Secondary | 2.48 | ||||
I support the use of synanthropic plants for educational purposes—as elements of playgrounds or in the form of environmental workshops (X5) | Primary | 0.25 | 1.11 | 2.32 | 9.77 * |
Vocational | 0.45 | 1.30 | |||
Secondary | 2.24 |
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Fornal-Pieniak, B.; Stangierska-Mazurkiewicz, D.; Kamionowski, F.; Widera, K.; Żarska, B.; Latocha, P. Preferences of Adults for Synanthropic Flora in the Sustainable Development of Polish Cities’ Green Areas. Sustainability 2024, 16, 3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093610
Fornal-Pieniak B, Stangierska-Mazurkiewicz D, Kamionowski F, Widera K, Żarska B, Latocha P. Preferences of Adults for Synanthropic Flora in the Sustainable Development of Polish Cities’ Green Areas. Sustainability. 2024; 16(9):3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093610
Chicago/Turabian StyleFornal-Pieniak, Beata, Dagmara Stangierska-Mazurkiewicz, Filip Kamionowski, Katarzyna Widera, Barbara Żarska, and Piotr Latocha. 2024. "Preferences of Adults for Synanthropic Flora in the Sustainable Development of Polish Cities’ Green Areas" Sustainability 16, no. 9: 3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093610