Journal Description
Coatings
Coatings
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on coatings and surface engineering published monthly online by MDPI. The Korean Tribology Society (KTS) is affiliated with Coatings and its members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Materials Science, Coatings & Films) / CiteScore - Q2 (Surfaces and Interfaces)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Sections: published in 14 topical sections.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Coatings.
Impact Factor:
3.4 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Corrosion Behavior of Al2O3-40TiO2 Coating Deposited on 20MnNiMo Steel via Atmospheric Plasma Spraying in Hydrogen Sulfide Seawater Stress Environments
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050588 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
In this study, an Al2O3-40TiO2 coating was deposited on 20MnNiMo steel via atmospheric plasma spraying. The corrosion behavior of the coating was investigated in both artificial seawater and a simulated environment with hydrogen sulfide and high pressure. Additionally,
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In this study, an Al2O3-40TiO2 coating was deposited on 20MnNiMo steel via atmospheric plasma spraying. The corrosion behavior of the coating was investigated in both artificial seawater and a simulated environment with hydrogen sulfide and high pressure. Additionally, ion dissolution experiments were conducted to evaluate the coating’s bio-friendliness. In artificial seawater, the corrosion rate (based on the corrosion current) of the Al2O3-40TiO2 coating initially decreased before increasing. It was speculated that the blocking of corrosion products in the defect channels was helpful in delaying the progress of corrosion in the early stage. The coating had a corrosion current on the order of 10−6 A/cm2 in artificial seawater, suggesting good protection in conventional seawater environments. In the simulated environment, the corrosion rate (based on the weight loss) of the Al2O3-40TiO2 coating showed a continuously declining trend. It was deduced that, unlike corrosion products in artificial seawater, the corrosion products in the simulated environment (e.g., metal sulfide) might be more chemically stable, leading to a longer blocking effect. Therefore, a minimal corrosion rate of 0.0030 mm/a was obtained after the coating was immersed for 30 days. The amount of dissolved coated elements was negligible and there were only small amounts of dissolved non-coated elements such as Ni and Mo. The developed coating can be considered to be highly biofriendly if the non-coated area of the specimen is well sealed.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Anticorrosion of Alloys/Metals)
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Open AccessArticle
Preparation of a Consolidation Material of Organosilica-Modified Acrylate Emulsion for Earthen Sites and the Evaluation of Its Effectiveness
by
Xin Du, Qian Wu, Gui Fu, Qingwen Ma, Guopeng Shen and Hua Li
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 587; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050587 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
In this paper, a new consolidation material for earthen sites with silicone-modified acrylic emulsion was synthesized and applied to the consolidation test of soil samples of the site. The effectiveness was tested through the properties of soil samples on the changes in weight,
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In this paper, a new consolidation material for earthen sites with silicone-modified acrylic emulsion was synthesized and applied to the consolidation test of soil samples of the site. The effectiveness was tested through the properties of soil samples on the changes in weight, color, permeability test, air permeability, hydrolysis resistance, water resistance, and salt resistance. The results show that the samples treated with the new material have an outstanding effect on hydrolysis resistance, water resistance, and salt resistance without the change in color and gas permeability. After being soaked in Na2SO4 and sodium chloride solution for half a month, the reinforced soil sample did not crack, and it could undergo 15 days of water resistance test and five cycles of sodium sulfate resistance.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multifunctional Polymer Coatings and Films: Exploring Innovations Across Industries)
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Open AccessArticle
Preparation and Properties of Environmentally Friendly, Hydrophobic, Corrosion-Resistant, Multifunctional Composite Coatings
by
Zhenhua Chu, Zhixin Zhang, Wan Tang, Jiahao Lu and Jingxiang Xu
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050586 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
With the continuous exploitation of the marine resources, the equipment should meet the marine complex working environment. In this study, a type of environmentally friendly coating was prepared. Based on low surface energy environmental protection and anti-fouling, a film forming material with water-based
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With the continuous exploitation of the marine resources, the equipment should meet the marine complex working environment. In this study, a type of environmentally friendly coating was prepared. Based on low surface energy environmental protection and anti-fouling, a film forming material with water-based epoxy-modified silicone resin emulsion was prepared. And industrial fillers were added to give it both inorganic and organic properties. Meanwhile, various contents of graphene oxide (GO) were added in the coating system. The coating properties were comprehensively analyzed, and the optimal GO content was obtained as 0.1 wt. %. The composite coating was studied by seawater immersion experiments, and the failure process of the coating in was proposed. The composite coating prepared in the present study has both environmental protection and hydrophobic anti-fouling characteristics, and its comprehensive performance is excellent through various performance evaluations, i.e., it meets the requirements of long-term coating, environmental friendliness and anti-fouling and corrosion resistance.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Alloys and Composites Corrosion and Mechanical Properties)
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Open AccessArticle
Selection of Crosslinking Agents for Acrylic Resin Used in External Coatings for Aluminum Packaging in the Beverage Industry
by
Michelli Santarelli, Baltus Cornelius Bonse and Joao Guilherme Rocha Poço
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050585 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
Paints and coatings are widely used in various applications such as walls, cars, packaging, and food products. The quality of food packaging is essential due to its direct or indirect contact with food. The demand for high-quality food packaging is increasing due to
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Paints and coatings are widely used in various applications such as walls, cars, packaging, and food products. The quality of food packaging is essential due to its direct or indirect contact with food. The demand for high-quality food packaging is increasing due to the higher production and consumption rates. However, containers used in the beverage industry often face problems like scratches and abrasions during transportation. This study aimed to investigate different formulations of external coatings for beverage cans to improve their physical resistance properties and prevent corrosion and surface damage problems. The study involved reacting an acrylic resin with six different amino resins, including methylated melamine, butylated melamine, glycoluril, methylated urea, butylated urea, and benzoguanamine, in various proportions. The results of 25 formulated samples were compared based on properties such as adhesion, durability, and chemical resistance. The outcomes of the study showed significant differences among the crosslinking agents. Among all the crosslinking agents, methylated melamine showed the most favorable results in the analyses, proving to be effective in almost all tests.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Advances in Food Contact Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
Preparation and Capacitive Properties of Ni-Doped Zinc Cobaltate/Carbon Fiber Composite Porous Mesh Materials
by
Donghua Chen, Yang Liu, Jun Wang, Tenghao Ma, Hui Zhi, Wei Xiao, Yabin Wang and Jing Wang
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050584 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
Nickel-element-doped zinc cobaltate/carbon fiber composites (Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF) were prepared on carbon cloth (made of a combination of carbon fibers) conductive substrates using a simple ambient stirring method combined with heat treatment. Characterization tests of the materials revealed that the prepared
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Nickel-element-doped zinc cobaltate/carbon fiber composites (Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF) were prepared on carbon cloth (made of a combination of carbon fibers) conductive substrates using a simple ambient stirring method combined with heat treatment. Characterization tests of the materials revealed that the prepared products were porous Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF mesh structures. This porous network structure increases the surface area of the material and helps shorten the diffusion path of ions and electrons. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods to investigate the effect of Ni elemental doping on the stability of the materials. The results show that there are no other impurity peaks and no other impurity elements in the Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF electrode material, which indicates that the sample purity is high. Meanwhile, the electrochemical properties of Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF electrode materials were studied. Under the condition of 15 A·g−1, the specific capacitance of Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF electrode material is 1470 F·g−1, and after 100 cycles, its specific capacity reaches 1456 F·g−1, which is 99.0% of the specific capacity of 1470 F·g−1, indicating that the electrode material has good stability. In addition, we assembled asymmetric supercapacitors (Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF//CNTs) with Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF as the positive material and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the negative material. In the cyclic stability experiment of Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF/CNTs devices, when the current density was 1 A·g−1, the specific capacitance was 182 F·g−1. After 10,000 cyclic charge–discharge tests, the specific capacity became 167 F·g−1, which was basically unchanged compared with the initial specific capacity, reaching 91.8%. It shows that it has higher charge–discharge performance and higher cycle stability.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification of Advanced Transition Metal-Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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Open AccessArticle
Surface Wear Monitoring System of Industrial Transformer Tap-Changer Contacts by Using Voice Signal
by
Xiangyu Tan, Fangrong Zhou, Wenyun Li, Gang Ao, Xiaowei Xu and Le Yang
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050583 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
Surface wear of the tap-changer contacts of industrial transformers (due to frequent switching times) easily leads to operation failure of industrial transformers, which affects the safety and stability of the transmission network. In this paper, an intelligent voice signal monitoring system was proposed
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Surface wear of the tap-changer contacts of industrial transformers (due to frequent switching times) easily leads to operation failure of industrial transformers, which affects the safety and stability of the transmission network. In this paper, an intelligent voice signal monitoring system was proposed for the abnormal condition (surface wear) of tap-changer contacts. This monitoring system was composed of a voice signal acquisition system, voice analysis system and voice processing system. First, the voice signal of the tap-changer contacts was collected, and the collected voice signal was analyzed in the time domain and the frequency domain. Secondly, the characteristic curve of the voice signal was proposed, and the voice curve was compared with that of the normal operation state. In this case, the running state and surface wear abnormal situation of the tap changer could be monitored and determined, and the cause of the abnormal state could also be further analyzed. This method solved the surface wear problem of the tap changer in industrial transformers, which could be not monitored effectively in real time. This method improved the operational reliability of industrial transformers and had high economic and social benefits.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends and Advances in Anti-wear Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
Thermal-Mechanical Coupling Analysis of Permeable Asphalt Pavements
by
Yuekun Li, Xulong Wang, Hailong Zhang, Zhenxia Li and Tengteng Guo
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050582 - 7 May 2024
Abstract
In order to clarify the mechanical response of permeable asphalt pavements under a temperature effect, the mechanical responses of different types of permeable asphalt pavements, which were based on a self-developed drainage SBS-modified asphalt mixture with fiber, were simulated using ANSYS finite element
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In order to clarify the mechanical response of permeable asphalt pavements under a temperature effect, the mechanical responses of different types of permeable asphalt pavements, which were based on a self-developed drainage SBS-modified asphalt mixture with fiber, were simulated using ANSYS finite element software(APDL 19.2). The influence of temperature and temperature change on the mechanical behavior of the permeable asphalt pavements was studied, and the mechanical responses of the pavements at different driving speeds was analyzed. The results show that the extreme values of surface deflection, compressive strain of the soil foundation top surface, and the shear stress and tensile stress of the upper-layer bottom of the three kinds of pavements under dynamic load were about 10% smaller than those under static loads, and the extreme values under different temperature conditions were 28%~50% larger than the values obtained without different temperature conditions. During the 12 h heating process, the mechanical indexes of the three types of pavements with axle loads were consistent with the change law of temperature, and the peak values of the mechanical indexes under dynamic loads were smaller than those under static loads. In addition, the mechanical indexes of the three types of pavements under dynamic loads had the same law of change with speed under the same conditions, and the values were less than the extreme values under static loads, but the degree of influence was different.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Asphalt Materials—Surface Engineering and Applications)
Open AccessArticle
First Results of Nb3Sn Coated Cavity by Vapor Diffusion Method at SARI
by
Qixin Chen, Yue Zong, Zheng Wang, Shuai Xing, Jiani Wu, Pengcheng Dong, Miyimin Zhao, Xiaowei Wu, Jian Rong and Jinfang Chen
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050581 - 7 May 2024
Abstract
Nb3Sn is emerging as one of the focal points in superconducting radio frequency (SRF) research, owing to its excellent superconducting properties. These properties hold significant possibilities for cost reduction and the miniaturization of accelerators. In this paper, we report the recent
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Nb3Sn is emerging as one of the focal points in superconducting radio frequency (SRF) research, owing to its excellent superconducting properties. These properties hold significant possibilities for cost reduction and the miniaturization of accelerators. In this paper, we report the recent efforts of the Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI) in fabricating high-performance Nb3Sn superconducting cavities using the vapor diffusion method. This includes the construction of a Nb3Sn coating system with dual evaporators and the test results of 1.3 GHz single-cell coated cavities. The coated samples were characterized, and the growth state of the Nb3Sn films was analyzed. The first coated superconducting cavity was tested at both 4.4 K and 2 K, with different cooldown rates passing through the Nb3Sn critical temperatures. The causes of Sn droplet spot defect formation on the surface of the first cavity were analyzed, and such defects were eliminated in the coating of the second cavity by controlling the evaporation rate. This study provides a reference for the preparation of high-performance Nb3Sn-coated cavities using the vapor diffusion method, including the setup of the coating system, the comprehension of the vapor diffusion process, and the test conditions.
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(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)
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Research on the Corrosion Inhibition Behavior and Mechanism of 1-Hydroxy-1,1-ethyledine Disodium Phosphonate under an Iron Bacteria System
by
Ping Xu, Yuxuan Zhao and Pengkai Bai
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050580 - 7 May 2024
Abstract
Regenerated water serves as a supplementary source for circulating cooling water systems, but it often fosters microbial growth within pipelines. Given its widespread use as a corrosion inhibitor, understanding HEDP’s efficacy in microbial environments and its impact on microorganisms is imperative. This study
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Regenerated water serves as a supplementary source for circulating cooling water systems, but it often fosters microbial growth within pipelines. Given its widespread use as a corrosion inhibitor, understanding HEDP’s efficacy in microbial environments and its impact on microorganisms is imperative. This study established an iron bacterial system by isolating and enriching iron bacteria. Through a comprehensive approach incorporating corrosion weight loss analysis, XPS analysis, SEM electron microscopy, as well as microbial and electrochemical testing, the corrosion inhibition behavior and mechanism of HEDP within the iron bacterial system were investigated. The findings reveal that within the iron bacterial system, HEDP achieves a corrosion inhibition rate of 76% following four distinct stages—weakening, strengthening, stabilizing, and further strengthening—underscoring its robust corrosion inhibition capability. Moreover, HEDP enhances the density of biofilms and elevates the activation energy of carbon steel interfaces. It alternates with oxygen to continuously suppress the activity of IRB while gradually inhibiting the activity of IOB. This process culminates in a corrosion inhibition mechanism where cathodic inhibition predominates, supported by anodic inhibition as a complementary mechanism.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion/Wear Mechanisms and Protective Methods)
Open AccessArticle
Influence of Selected Parameters of Zinc Electroplating on Surface Quality and Layer Thickness
by
Jozef Mascenik, Tomas Coranic, Jiri Kuchar and Zdenek Hazdra
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050579 - 7 May 2024
Abstract
Surface treatment technologies are pivotal across diverse industrial sectors such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and the automotive industry. Continuous advancements in manufacturing processes are geared towards bolstering efficiency and attaining superior product quality. This study aimed to empirically compare practical outcomes with
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Surface treatment technologies are pivotal across diverse industrial sectors such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and the automotive industry. Continuous advancements in manufacturing processes are geared towards bolstering efficiency and attaining superior product quality. This study aimed to empirically compare practical outcomes with theoretical insights. Employing galvanic zinc plating under constant voltage with varying plating durations unveiled a correlation between coating thickness and electrolyte composition alongside plating duration. The graphical representation delineated the optimal electrolyte composition conducive to maximal coating thickness. Notably, an evident decrease in leveling ability was noted with prolonged plating durations. The experiment corroborated the notion that theoretical formulas for coating thickness estimation possess limited accuracy, often resulting in measured values surpassing theoretical predictions. These findings underscore the imperative for refined theoretical models to comprehensively grasp galvanic surface treatment processes.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electrodeposited Composite Coatings: Diversity, Applications and Challenges)
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Open AccessArticle
Exploring TMA and H2O Flow Rate Effects on Al2O3 Thin Film Deposition by Thermal ALD: Insights from Zero-Dimensional Modeling
by
Júlia Karnopp, Nilton Azevedo Neto, Thaís Vieira, Mariana Fraga, Argemiro da Silva Sobrinho, Julio Sagás and Rodrigo Pessoa
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050578 - 7 May 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of vapour-phase precursor flow rates—specifically those of trimethylaluminum (TMA) and deionized water (H2O)—on the deposition of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) thin films through atomic layer deposition (ALD). It explores how these flow rates
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This study investigates the impact of vapour-phase precursor flow rates—specifically those of trimethylaluminum (TMA) and deionized water (H2O)—on the deposition of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) thin films through atomic layer deposition (ALD). It explores how these flow rates influence film growth kinetics and surface reactions, which are critical components of the ALD process. The research combines experimental techniques with a zero-dimensional theoretical model, designed specifically to simulate the deposition dynamics. This model integrates factors such as surface reactions and gas partial pressures within the ALD chamber. Experimentally, Al2O3 films were deposited at varied TMA and H2O flow rates, with system conductance guiding these rates across different temperature settings. Film properties were rigorously assessed using optical reflectance methods and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The experimental findings revealed a pronounced correlation between precursor flow rates and film growth. Specifically, at 150 °C, film thickness reached saturation at a TMA flow rate of 60 sccm, while at 200 °C, thickness peaked and then declined with increasing TMA flow above this rate. Notably, higher temperatures generally resulted in thinner films due to increased desorption rates, whereas higher water flow rates consistently produced thicker films, emphasizing the critical role of water vapour in facilitating surface reactions. This integrative approach not only deepens the understanding of deposition mechanics, particularly highlighting how variations in precursor flow rates distinctly affect the process, but also significantly advances operational parameters for ALD. These insights are invaluable for enhancing the application of ALD technologies across diverse sectors, including microelectronics, photovoltaics, and biomedical coatings, effectively bridging the gap between theoretical predictions and empirical results.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Films/Coatings Processing Technologies: Deposition and Process)
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Open AccessArticle
Effect of Acrylic Resin on the Protection Performance of Epoxy Coating for Magnesium Alloy
by
Xinyu Liu, Yingjun Zhang, Yong Jiang, Mengyang Li, Jianjun Bai and Xiaorong Zhou
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050577 - 6 May 2024
Abstract
The low toughness of epoxy resin can influence its shielding performance against a corrosive medium and strength of adhesion to metal surfaces. Extensive efforts have been made to modify epoxy resin. In this research, acrylic resin was synthesized by the solution method, and
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The low toughness of epoxy resin can influence its shielding performance against a corrosive medium and strength of adhesion to metal surfaces. Extensive efforts have been made to modify epoxy resin. In this research, acrylic resin was synthesized by the solution method, and 1 wt.%, 2.5 wt.%, and 5 wt.% were added to epoxy resin (E44 brand) to prepare coatings on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy. The effects of acrylic resin on the mechanical and protective properties of epoxy coatings were investigated via experiments measuring impact resistance, flexibility, and adhesion as well as the electrochemical impedance technique. Compared with the pure epoxy coating, the adhesion between the coating and the substrate increases by 1.37 MPa after the addition of 2.5 wt.% acrylic resin. Meanwhile, the pencil hardness has a slight change from 5B to 6B, and the flexibility significantly improves. Therefore, the epoxy coating exhibits enhanced anticorrosive properties after the addition of 2.5 wt.% acrylic resin.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Corrosion-Resistant Coatings, 2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Porous and Ag-, Cu-, Zn-Doped Al2O3 Fabricated via Barrier Anodizing of Pure Al and Alloys
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Alexander Poznyak, Gerhard Knörnschild, Alexander Hoha and Andrei Pligovka
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050576 - 6 May 2024
Abstract
The paper breaks the general concepts and shows that pore formation is possible in anodic aluminum barrier oxide by anodizing of pure Al, and also presents the results of electrochemical anodizing in boric acid and citrate buffer aqueous solutions of homogeneous binary alloys
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The paper breaks the general concepts and shows that pore formation is possible in anodic aluminum barrier oxide by anodizing of pure Al, and also presents the results of electrochemical anodizing in boric acid and citrate buffer aqueous solutions of homogeneous binary alloys AlCu (4 wt.%), AlZn (3 wt.%) and AlAg (5.2 wt.% and 16.2 wt.%). Barrier anodizing allowed obtaining Al2O3 thin films doped with copper, zinc and silver. The anodizing behavior and the effect of anodic current density on the charge were studied, and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy analyses were performed. The doped alumina thin films, which are a mixture of Al2O3, Cu2O, ZnO, Ag2O, AgO and promising double metal oxides CuAlO2, AgAlO2 and ZnAl2O4, are promising for use as resistive switching, photoelectron, mechanical, photo-thermoelectric and fluorescence materials; sensors; and transparent conductive and photocatalyst films.
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(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)
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Open AccessArticle
Improving the Oxidation Resistance of G115 Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steel by Surface Treatment with Shot Peening
by
Pengwen Chen, Jingwen Zhang, Liming Yu, Tianyu Du, Huijun Li, Chenxi Liu, Yongchang Liu, Yuehua Liu and Baoxin Du
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050575 - 6 May 2024
Abstract
G115 steel is a novel martensitic heat-resistant steel, primarily utilized in the main steam pipelines and collectors of ultra-supercritical thermal power units. However, the oxidation resistance of martensitic steels in the high-temperature steam environment is usually suboptimal, significantly affecting the efficiency of power
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G115 steel is a novel martensitic heat-resistant steel, primarily utilized in the main steam pipelines and collectors of ultra-supercritical thermal power units. However, the oxidation resistance of martensitic steels in the high-temperature steam environment is usually suboptimal, significantly affecting the efficiency of power plants. In this paper, shot peening (SP) is employed as a surface treatment method for G115 steel, and the oxidation kinetics, oxide layer thickness, and microstructure of shot-peened G115 samples are compared with those of G115 steel. The results indicate that in the 650 °C steam environment, the oxidation kinetics of the shot-peened samples follow the parabolic law and that the oxidation weight gain is significantly smaller than that of the non-shot-peened samples. The higher the SP intensity, the smaller the oxidation weight gain and the better the oxidation resistance. This can be attributed to the fragmentation of the grains in the surface layer caused by external stress during SP, which creates a multitude of grain boundaries that can provide rapid diffusion pathways for corrosion-resistant Cr atoms, resulting in the accelerated outward diffusion of Cr atoms from the substrate. Simultaneously, a continuous and dense FeCr2O4 protective layer is produced at the interface between the SP layer and the substrate, obstructing the inward diffusion of oxygen and enhancing the oxidation resistance of G115 steel.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)
Open AccessArticle
Preparation of Hydrophilic and Fire-Resistant Phytic Acid/Chitosan/Polydopamine-Coated Expanded Polystyrene Particles by Using Coating Method
by
Wenjie Tang, Dajian Huang, Xiaohu Qiang and Wang Liu
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050574 - 6 May 2024
Abstract
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles are commonly used for thermal insulation in lightweight building materials due to their low density, low thermal conductivity, and affordability. However, shortcomings such as hydrophobicity and poor fire safety limit the application of EPS. Bio-based flame retardants have been
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Expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles are commonly used for thermal insulation in lightweight building materials due to their low density, low thermal conductivity, and affordability. However, shortcomings such as hydrophobicity and poor fire safety limit the application of EPS. Bio-based flame retardants have been developed for use in polymer composites due to their renewable, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic properties. In this study, to improve the hydrophilicity and fire resistance of EPS particles, phytic acid (PA)/chitosan (CS)–polydopamine (PDA)@EPS particles (PA/CS-PDA@EPS) with a bio-based coating were prepared by using a simple coating method based on PDA@EPS particles using PDA as an adhesive and PA and CS as bio-based flame retardants. The results showed that the modified EPS particles had good hydrophilicity, the residual carbon yield of the 10PA/3CS-PDA@EPS samples was increased to 24 wt%, and the maximum loss rate was reduced by 69% compared with unmodified EPS. In flammability tests, the 10PA/3CS-PDA@EPS samples also demonstrated low flame spread and some fire resistance. Furthermore, the modified EPS particles exhibited fire resistance even after multiple washings. The hydrophilic and fire-resistant modified EPS particles are anticipated to offer a novel approach to the advancement of EPS-based lightweight building materials.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification and Coating Techniques for Polymers)
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Open AccessArticle
Laboratory Evaluation of Strength Performance of Full-Depth Reclamation with Portland Cement Material
by
Yongxiang Li, Chuangdan Luo, Kuiliang Ji, Haiwei Zhang and Bowei Sun
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050573 - 6 May 2024
Abstract
Full-depth reclamation with Portland cement (FDR-PC) represents an innovative cold recycling technology for pavements, holding significant promise due to its capacity to reuse deteriorated pavement base layers. This paper investigates the key factors influencing the strength properties of FDR-PC. The results indicate that,
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Full-depth reclamation with Portland cement (FDR-PC) represents an innovative cold recycling technology for pavements, holding significant promise due to its capacity to reuse deteriorated pavement base layers. This paper investigates the key factors influencing the strength properties of FDR-PC. The results indicate that, compared to the static compaction method, the vibratory compaction method yields cold-recycled mixtures with higher maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Increasing the cement content and base-to-surface ratio, extending the curing time, and raising the curing temperature all contribute to enhancing UCS. Furthermore, increasing the base-to-surface ratio and cement content enhances both indirect tensile strength and flexural strength. An approximate linear correlation exists between indirect tensile strength and UCS, as well as between flexural strength and UCS. The strength characteristics of FDR-PC were comprehensively characterized in this study, providing effective verification of its applicability.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Treatment and Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Pavement Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
Effect of Quenching Cooling Rate on Hydrogen Embrittlement of Precipitation-Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steels
by
Sicong Shen, Xingyu Ma, Xiaolong Song, Wenwen Zhao and Yong Shen
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050572 - 6 May 2024
Abstract
Heat treatment plays a decisive role in the microstructure of metallic materials. The effect of cooling rate changes caused by the quenching medium on the microstructure of steel materials should be clarified. In this study, the effect of the quenching cooling rate on
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Heat treatment plays a decisive role in the microstructure of metallic materials. The effect of cooling rate changes caused by the quenching medium on the microstructure of steel materials should be clarified. In this study, the effect of the quenching cooling rate on the microstructure of two precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steels was investigated. The mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility effected by the changes in the microstructure were also analyzed. A slow tensile test and hydrogen pre-charging were carried out to obtain the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility parameters of the specimens. The results show that the quenching cooling rate only affects specific microstructures, including the twin structure and misorientation angle. Before hydrogen charging, the mechanical properties of the precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steels were not affected by changing the quenching cooling rate. After hydrogen charging, the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility decreased as the quenching cooling rate increased.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deposition, Characterization and Application of Anti-corrosion and Lubricating Coatings)
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Open AccessArticle
A Titanium-Based Superhydrophobic Coating with Enhanced Antibacterial, Anticoagulant, and Anticorrosive Properties for Dental Applications
by
Qin Rao, Ling Weng, Jinshuang Zhang, Yaqing Chen, Yujin Yang, Donghao Liu, Yurong Duan, Ying Cao, Jialong Chen, Xiangyang Li, Hua Qiu, Quanli Li and Shunli Zheng
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050571 - 5 May 2024
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys have been widely employed as dental implant materials. However, polymicrobial infection is still one of the most common reasons for implant failure, which has already become a worldwide problem and poses a threat to human health. In this study,
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Titanium and its alloys have been widely employed as dental implant materials. However, polymicrobial infection is still one of the most common reasons for implant failure, which has already become a worldwide problem and poses a threat to human health. In this study, a titanium-based (Ti-based) superhydrophobic coating was effectively created by anodization followed by hydrophobic modification of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS), which shows a high water contact angle (WCA) of 159.9 ± 5.8° and a low water sliding angle (WSA) of 2.7 ± 2.2°. The thickness of the anodized samples is from 500 nm to 4 µm as the anodizing voltage increases. The Ti-based superhydrophobic coating demonstrated the existence of Ti, O, C, F, and Si elements, and the corresponding phase compositions are Ti and anatase. The results showed that the Ti-based superhydrophobic coating has good biocompatibility to co-culture with L929 cells for 1, 3, and 5 days. It was also proven that the as-prepared Ti-based superhydrophobic coating has enhanced antibacterial abilities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis, P.g) after 4, 12, and 24 h. Moreover, the Ti-based superhydrophobic coating can significantly reduce platelet adhesion and activation. In addition, the Ti-based superhydrophobic coating also exhibits a considerable positive shift in the corrosion potential (Ecorr) and a decline of one order of magnitude in the corrosion current density (Jcorr), showing good anticorrosive properties. It was also found that the capsule around the Ti-based superhydrophobic coating was thinner than that of bare Ti after implantation for 7, 15, and 28 days, indicating its good biosafety. Therefore, the as-prepared Ti-based superhydrophobic coating can be a suitable candidate for Ti-based implants in dental applications.
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(This article belongs to the Section Surface Coatings for Biomedicine and Bioengineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Control of Cell Adhesion and Growth on Polysaccharide-Based Multilayer Coatings by Incorporation of Graphene Oxide
by
Tonya Andreeva, Alexander Rudt, László Fábián, Ferhan Ayaydin, Ivan Iliev, Ole Jung, Mike Barbeck, Andras Dér, Rumen Krastev and Stefka G. Taneva
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050570 - 5 May 2024
Abstract
Controlling cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation on solid surfaces is critical for the successful implantation and proper functioning of temporary and permanent medical devices. While, with temporary or removable implants as well as surgical instruments, even slight cellular adhesion leads to an increased
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Controlling cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation on solid surfaces is critical for the successful implantation and proper functioning of temporary and permanent medical devices. While, with temporary or removable implants as well as surgical instruments, even slight cellular adhesion leads to an increased risk of secondary infections, bleeding and other complications, good cellular adhesion and viability are essential for the rapid healing and successful integration of permanent implants. This work was motivated by the growing interest in the construction of biocompatible and biodegradable coatings for the biofunctionalization of medical devices. Polysaccharide-based coatings are well known for their biocompatibility, but they are non-cell-adhesive, which hinders their application as implant coatings. In this study, we demonstrate that the incorporation of one or more graphene oxide layers in hyaluronic acid/chitosan multilayers is one avenue to regulate the degree of unspecific adhesion and growth of different cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVEC, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, 3T3). Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach allows cell adhesion to be regulated across the entire range between completely prevented and highly promoted cell adhesion without introducing systemic cytotoxicity. These findings may contribute to the establishment of a new approach to adapt medical devices to cells and tissues.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Films and Their Multi-scale Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Investigation of the Corrosion and Tribological Properties of WC-Co Tools Hardened with PVD Coatings in Solid Oak Wood Processing
by
Deividas Kazlauskas, Vytenis Jankauskas and Maksim Antonov
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050569 - 3 May 2024
Abstract
Corrosion and friction coefficient tests were performed on solid oak wood machined with hard-metal woodworking tools coated with PVD coatings (AlCrN, AlTiN, TiAlN, TiCN and CrN). The tannic acid attacks the carbide more intensively than the PVD coatings. During cutting, corrosion spreads on
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Corrosion and friction coefficient tests were performed on solid oak wood machined with hard-metal woodworking tools coated with PVD coatings (AlCrN, AlTiN, TiAlN, TiCN and CrN). The tannic acid attacks the carbide more intensively than the PVD coatings. During cutting, corrosion spreads on the cutting edge of the cutter due to mechanical action, which dissolves the cobalt binder of the hard-metal and causes the carbide grains to flake off. After 80 min of contact with the wood, the cobalt content decreases from 3.53 to 1.74%. Depending on the PVD coating material, cracks of 4 to 40 µm in width appear after 120 min (9000 m cutting path). After 120 min of machining, wear, corrosion effects and the influence of corrosion on the coefficients of friction were evaluated for tools with and without PVD coatings. TiCN is the most sensitive to corrosion, while AlCrN and CrN coatings are the least sensitive, with the AlTiN coating being the most affected under real cutting conditions (with mechanical + thermal + corrosion effects) and the tools with CrN and AlCrN coatings being the least affected. Corrosion affects the hard-metal and PVD coatings and reduces the coefficient of friction. The angle between the directions of sliding and sharpening of the cutting edge sharpening significantly influences this parameter. The coefficient of friction of hard-metal WC-Co and PVD coatings is higher in the parallel machining direction than in the perpendicular machining direction and ranges from 16.03% (WC-Co) to 44.8% (AlTiN). The coefficient of friction of hard-metal WC-Co decreases by 5.13% before and after exposure to tannic acid, while the corrosion of PVD coatings reduces it by 4.13% (CrN) to 26.7% (TiAlN).
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wear-Resistance and Corrosion-Resistance Coatings)
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