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The Roles of Photodynamic Therapy in Tumors and Cancers
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The Roles of Photodynamic Therapy in Tumors and Cancers

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 2282

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jianyong Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
Interests: photothermal therapy; cancer; imaging; phototherapeutic strategy; molecular fluorescent probes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has evolved as a promising therapeutic option for cancerous and non-cancerous diseases. It involves the combination of a photosensitizer (PS), light with an appropriate wavelength, and molecular oxygen (3O2). Upon irradiation, the excited PS transfers energy to the surrounding 3O2 to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially singlet oxygen (1O2), which attacks key structural entities within the targeted cells, ultimately resulting in cell necrosis or apoptosis. Compared with conventional cancer treatments, PDT has displayed some potential advantages such as minimal invasiveness, low drug resistance, broad-spectrum antitumor activity, and high spatiotemporal selectivity, which have stimulated extensive studies of this promising treatment modality. 

This Special Issue aims to present recent novel developments in PDT against cancers. The original research manuscripts and comprehensive reviews focus on the mechanism of PDT, the discovery of new photosensitive molecules, immuno-PDT, and the strategies to enhance PDT outcomes are especially welcome.  

Prof. Dr. Jianyong Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • photodynamic therapy
  • PDT
  • photodetection
  • photosensitizers
  • photosensitizing agents
  • reactive oxygen species
  • molecular mechanisms
  • cell necrosis
  • apoptosis
  • singlet oxygen
  • synergetic therapy
  • combination therapy
  • delivery vehicles
  • immunophototherapy
  • nano-photosensitizer

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 7559 KiB  
Article
Conjugate of Natural Bacteriochlorin with Doxorubicin for Combined Photodynamic and Chemotherapy
by Ekaterina Plotnikova, Olga Abramova, Petr Ostroverkhov, Aleksandra Vinokurova, Dmitry Medvedev, Sergei Tihonov, Maksim Usachev, Anastasia Shelyagina, Anastasija Efremenko, Alexey Feofanov, Andrey Pankratov, Petr Shegay, Mikhail Grin and Andrey Kaprin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7210; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137210 - 29 Jun 2024
Viewed by 925
Abstract
Chemotherapy is among the main classical approaches to the treatment of oncologic diseases. Its efficiency has been comprehensively proven by clinical examinations; however, the low selectivity of chemotherapeutic agents limits the possibilities of this method, making it necessary to search for new approaches [...] Read more.
Chemotherapy is among the main classical approaches to the treatment of oncologic diseases. Its efficiency has been comprehensively proven by clinical examinations; however, the low selectivity of chemotherapeutic agents limits the possibilities of this method, making it necessary to search for new approaches to the therapy of oncologic diseases. Photodynamic therapy is the least invasive method and a very efficient alternative for the treatment of malignant tumors; however, its efficiency depends on the depth of light penetration into the tissue and on the degree of oxygenation of the treatment zone. In this work, a hitherto unknown conjugate of a natural bacteriochlorin derivative and doxorubicin was obtained. In vitro and in vivo studies showed a more pronounced activity of the conjugate against MCF-7 and 4T1 cells and its higher tumorotropicity in animal tumor-bearing animals compared to free anthracycline antibiotic. The suggested conjugate implements the advantages of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy and has great potential in cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Roles of Photodynamic Therapy in Tumors and Cancers)
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14 pages, 7486 KiB  
Article
A Novel Boron Dipyrromethene-Erlotinib Conjugate for Precise Photodynamic Therapy against Liver Cancer
by Wenqiang Wu, Chengmiao Luo, Chunhui Zhu, Zhengyan Cai and Jianyong Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126421 - 11 Jun 2024
Viewed by 747
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is recognized for its exceptional effectiveness as a promising cancer treatment method. However, it is noted that overexposure to the dosage and sunlight in traditional PDT can result in damage to healthy tissues, due to the low tumor selectivity of [...] Read more.
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is recognized for its exceptional effectiveness as a promising cancer treatment method. However, it is noted that overexposure to the dosage and sunlight in traditional PDT can result in damage to healthy tissues, due to the low tumor selectivity of currently available photosensitizers (PSs). To address this challenge, we introduce herein a new strategy where the small molecule-targeted agent, erlotinib, is integrated into a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based PS to form conjugate 6 to enhance the precision of PDT. This conjugate demonstrates optical absorption, fluorescence emission, and singlet oxygen generation efficiency comparable to the reference compound 7, which lacks erlotinib. In vitro studies reveal that, after internalization, conjugate 6 predominantly accumulates in the lysosomes of HepG2 cells, exhibiting significant photocytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 3.01 µM. A distinct preference for HepG2 cells over HELF cells is observed with conjugate 6 but not with compound 7. In vivo experiments further confirm that conjugate 6 has a specific affinity for tumor tissues, and the combination treatment of conjugate 6 with laser illumination can effectively eradicate H22 tumors in mice with outstanding biosafety. This study presents a novel and potential PS for achieving precise PDT against cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Roles of Photodynamic Therapy in Tumors and Cancers)
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Review

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16 pages, 1544 KiB  
Review
Determinants of Photodynamic Therapy Resistance in Cancer Cells
by Alicja Dąbrowska, Jakub Mastalerz, Bartosz Wilczyński, Beata Osiecka and Anna Choromańska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12069; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212069 (registering DOI) - 10 Nov 2024
Viewed by 30
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach owing to its non-invasive nature and minimal toxicity. PDT involves the administration of a photosensitizing agent (PS), which, upon light activation, induces a photodynamic reaction (PDR), leading to targeted cell destruction. However, developing [...] Read more.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach owing to its non-invasive nature and minimal toxicity. PDT involves the administration of a photosensitizing agent (PS), which, upon light activation, induces a photodynamic reaction (PDR), leading to targeted cell destruction. However, developing resistance to PDT poses a significant challenge to its effectiveness. Various factors, including properties and administration of PSs, mediate this resistance. Despite the widespread use of substances like 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and protoporphyrin, their efficacy is limited due to restricted tumor penetration and a lack of tumor targeting. To address these limitations, nano-delivery techniques and newer PSs like Aza-BODIPY and its derivatives, which offer enhanced tissue penetration, are being explored. In this paper, we provide an overview of resistance mechanisms in PDT and discuss novel methods, substances, and technologies to overcome resistance to improve clinical outcomes in tumor treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Roles of Photodynamic Therapy in Tumors and Cancers)
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