Journal Description
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Ocean Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022)
Latest Articles
Ship Flow of the Ryuko-maru Calculated by the Reynolds Stress Model Using the Roughness Function at the Full Scale
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050783 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
The k-omega SST turbulence model is extensively employed in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations. However, the accuracy of the estimation of viscous resistance and companion flow distribution for full-sized vessels is not sufficient. This study conducted a computational analysis of
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The k-omega SST turbulence model is extensively employed in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations. However, the accuracy of the estimation of viscous resistance and companion flow distribution for full-sized vessels is not sufficient. This study conducted a computational analysis of the flow around the Ryuko-maru at model-scale and full-scale Reynolds numbers utilizing the Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM). The obtained Reynolds stress distribution from the model-scale computation was compared against experimental measurements to assess the capability of the RSM. Furthermore, full-scale computations were performed, incorporating the influence of hull surface roughness, with the resulting wake distributions juxtaposed with the actual ship measurements. The full-scale calculation employed the sand-grain roughness function, and an optimal roughness length scale was determined by aligning the computed wake distribution with Ryuko-maru’s measured data. The results of this study will allow for the direct performance estimation of full-scale ships and contribute to the design technology of performance.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue CFD Applications in Ship and Offshore Hydrodynamics)
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Open AccessArticle
Side-Scan Sonar Image Matching Method Based on Topology Representation
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Dianyu Yang, Jingfeng Yu, Can Wang, Chensheng Cheng, Guang Pan, Xin Wen and Feihu Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 782; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050782 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
In the realm of underwater environment detection, achieving information matching stands as a pivotal step, forming an indispensable component for collaborative detection and research in areas such as distributed mapping. Nevertheless, the progress in studying the matching of underwater side-scan sonar images has
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In the realm of underwater environment detection, achieving information matching stands as a pivotal step, forming an indispensable component for collaborative detection and research in areas such as distributed mapping. Nevertheless, the progress in studying the matching of underwater side-scan sonar images has been hindered by challenges including low image quality, intricate features, and susceptibility to distortion in commonly used side-scan sonar images. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the advancements in underwater sonar image processing. Building upon the novel SchemaNet image topological structure extraction model, we introduce a feature matching model grounded in side-scan sonar images. The proposed approach employs a semantic segmentation network as a teacher model to distill the DeiT model during training, extracting the attention matrix of intermediate layer outputs. This emulates SchemaNet’s transformation method, enabling the acquisition of high-dimensional topological structure features from the image. Subsequently, utilizing a real side-scan sonar dataset and augmenting data, we formulate a matching dataset and train the model using a graph neural network. The resulting model demonstrates effective performance in side-scan sonar image matching tasks. These research findings bear significance for underwater detection and target recognition and can offer valuable insights and references for image processing in diverse domains.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Autonomous Vehicles: Design, Test and Operation)
Open AccessArticle
A Multi-Objective Scheduling Strategy for a Hybrid Energy System for Antarctic Coastal Research Stations
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Guangyu Zuo, Yinke Dou, Jin Wang, Bo Yang and Liwei Kou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 781; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050781 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
A large number of research stations have been established to provide members of Antarctic expeditions with logistical support. A previous study confirmed that the wind and solar energy resources of the Chinese Zhongshan Station, a coastal station located in an area of Lassmann
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A large number of research stations have been established to provide members of Antarctic expeditions with logistical support. A previous study confirmed that the wind and solar energy resources of the Chinese Zhongshan Station, a coastal station located in an area of Lassmann Hills in East Antarctica, are highly synergetic and complementary. Considering the demand for a renewable energy power supply in Zhongshan Station, this paper introduces a hybrid energy system with wind–solar–diesel–battery co-generation used as a power supply scheme. Based on the 2015 climate data for Zhongshan Station, the wind–solar resources, conventional energy system, and annual diesel consumption of the station area were analyzed. The annual electrical load demand of each building in the station area was quantitatively expounded. Compared with the original power supply system, and combined with the analysis results of the thermal load and electrical load demands of the station, an objective function based on the requirements of economy, reliability, and environmental protection was presented. According to the constraint conditions of the heat energy and electrical energy load balance in the station area, a multi-objective scheduling strategy for the system was designed. Finally, the effects of this scheduling strategy were analyzed under three different application scenarios. The results indicated that the annual load demand was significantly lower than before the scheduling, and that a 50% reduction in diesel consumption could be achieved, demonstrating that the multi-objective scheduling strategy proposed in this paper could achieve optimal energy scheduling and management of the renewable hybrid energy system.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Study on the Impact of Tail Wing Profiles on the Resistance Characteristics of Amphibious Vehicles
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Zhongyuan Jiang, Jiangming Ding and Zhourui Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050780 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
The resistance performance of amphibious vehicles can be improved by installing underwater tail hydrofoils. The research on the impact of different hydrofoil profiles on the resistance characteristics of amphibious vehicles can provide a reference for the vehicle’s design. For an amphibious vehicle model,
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The resistance performance of amphibious vehicles can be improved by installing underwater tail hydrofoils. The research on the impact of different hydrofoil profiles on the resistance characteristics of amphibious vehicles can provide a reference for the vehicle’s design. For an amphibious vehicle model, five shapes of symmetrical hydrofoils, NACA0012, NACA0015, NACA0016, and asymmetric hydrofoils NACA23012, NACA66-209, were selected as the underwater tail wing of the vehicle body, respectively. Based on the RANS method and overset grid technology, the resistance performance of the vehicle body was numerically calculated, and the resistance variation in the amphibious vehicle equipped with different tail hydrofoils at 0.43 < Fr∇ < 1.3 speed was obtained. The basic shape of amphibious vehicle tail wings can be determined by comparing the effects of symmetrical hydrofoils and asymmetric hydrofoils on body resistance. The results show that the asymmetric hydrofoils have a better resistance reduction effect on amphibious vehicles than the symmetrical ones. Among them, an amphibious vehicle installing the asymmetric hydrofoil NACA66-209 as an underwater tail wing can reduce resistance by 44.3%. Chord length is an important factor affecting the resistance reduction performance of tail wings. When Fr∇ = 1.3, the asymmetric hydrofoil optimized based on chord length has a 21.2% higher resistance reduction effect on amphibious vehicles.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Vibration Characteristic Research of 100 m New Polar Exploration Cruise Based on Finite Element Modeling
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Guohe Jiang, Yuhao Yuan, Hao Guo, Gang Wu and Zhenzhen Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050779 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
Luxury cruise ships are high-end passenger ships with facilities on board for the leisure and entertainment of passengers, so the comfort of luxury cruise ships is a matter of great concern. In this paper, a finite element model of a new polar exploration
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Luxury cruise ships are high-end passenger ships with facilities on board for the leisure and entertainment of passengers, so the comfort of luxury cruise ships is a matter of great concern. In this paper, a finite element model of a new polar exploration cruise ship is established, and the wet modes of the whole ship are calculated using the virtual mass method and compared with the principal frequencies of the excitation forces to initially verify the rationality of the design of the structural vibration characteristics of the whole ship. The admittance matrix of the vibration velocity to excitation force was calculated by a frequency response analysis, and the vibration velocities at the stern plate and main engine foundations were tested during sailing. Then, the obtained propeller and main engine excitation forces were loaded into the finite element model; the vibration velocities of each compartment were calculated and compared with the compartment vibration velocity test values. The errors were within the engineering allowable range, verifying the accuracy of the excitation forces. The propeller and main engine excitation forces were loaded separately on the finite element model to calculate the vibration velocity of each cabin, and the contribution of the two excitation sources to the vibration velocity of each cabin was analyzed. It was found that the contribution of the excitation source to the cabin response was related to the relative position between the cabin and the excitation source. When the cabin was located in the cabin adjacent to or directly above a certain excitation source, the contribution of the excitation source to the cabin response was greater. When the cabin was farther away from both excitation sources, the contribution of the propeller excitation was greater. This provides a targeted reference for the preliminary vibration assessment and later vibration control of the new polar expedition cruise ship.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Marine Hazards)
Open AccessArticle
A Set of Accurate Dispersive Nonlinear Wave Equations
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Hongwei Bian, Jie Xu and Zhili Zou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 778; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050778 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
In this study, a set of accurate dispersive nonlinear wave equations is established, using the wave velocity and free surface elevation as variables. These equations improve upon previous equations in which the velocity potential is used as a variable by considering the rotational
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In this study, a set of accurate dispersive nonlinear wave equations is established, using the wave velocity and free surface elevation as variables. These equations improve upon previous equations in which the velocity potential is used as a variable by considering the rotational wave motion and by adding a second-order bottom slope term that applies to general situations, allowing the equations to consider the influence of rapidly changing, horizontal, two-dimensional bottom topographies. The problem of the inaccuracy of the integral calculations used in previous equations in nearshore areas is solved by approximating the integral calculations into differential calculations, and a set of coupled wave equations is established by keeping the free surface elevation and the horizontal velocity constant, thus allowing the calculation of nearshore wave-generated currents. The benefits of the current model are confirmed through comparisons with corresponding laboratory experimental findings and are illustrated through a comparison with the numerical outcomes of other pertinent models.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Design and Study of a Sediment Erosion Test Device for a Single-Flow Channel in the Guide Apparatus of a Reaction Hydraulic Turbine
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Jiayang Pang, Xiao Chang, Yuanyuan Gang, Ziyao Zhou, Wenping Xiang, Lingjiu Zhou, Xiaobing Liu and Zhengwei Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 777; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050777 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
Sediment erosion damage is one of the main causes of structural failure in reaction turbine units. To study the mechanism through which sediment erosion affects the water-guiding mechanism of a reaction turbine unit, this study obtained the average concentration and particle size of
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Sediment erosion damage is one of the main causes of structural failure in reaction turbine units. To study the mechanism through which sediment erosion affects the water-guiding mechanism of a reaction turbine unit, this study obtained the average concentration and particle size of sediment during the flood season based on the statistics of the measured sediment data from the power station. Additionally, the characteristics of the solid–liquid two-phase flow of the diversion components of the reaction hydraulic turbine were numerically calculated. Based on the velocity triangle change in the guide apparatus and the flow similarity principle, a flow-around wear test device for the guide apparatus of the reaction turbine was designed. Furthermore, the similarity of the sand–water flow field between the guide apparatus of the prototype unit and the test device was compared and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the sand–water flow field of the diversion components of the prototype unit was axisymmetric and exhibited a potential flow distribution. Additionally, uniform sand–water flow occurred within the guide apparatus, with a small sand–water velocity gradient near the wall of the stay vanes (SV) and the guide vanes (GV). The maximum volume fraction of sediment particles was observed in the tailing area of the spiral casing, indicating an enrichment phenomenon of sediment particles. The velocity of the sediment particles on the surface of the guide vane in the single-channel sediment wear test device and prototype unit ranged from 6.2 to 7.8 m/s, and the velocity of the sediment particles on the surface of the stay vane ranged from 5.1 to 14.6 m/s, and the difference of the sediment particles’ velocity near the wall was 1 to 3 m/s. The trailing vorticity of the guide vane reached a maximum of 120 s−1. Consequently, the single-channel sediment erosion test device can unveil the sediment erosion mechanism of the guide apparatus of a reaction turbine.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Effects of Fuel Hydrochloric Acid Contamination on Selected Metals
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Jonna Kaivosoja, Katriina Sirviö, Carolin Nuortila and Seppo Niemi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050776 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
Chlorinated organic compounds, as contaminants in marine fuels, have caused severe damage, affecting both main and auxiliary engines. Contaminated fuels can cause serious damage to an engine and its components, corroding fuel pumps and blocking filters, for example. This affects the operation of
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Chlorinated organic compounds, as contaminants in marine fuels, have caused severe damage, affecting both main and auxiliary engines. Contaminated fuels can cause serious damage to an engine and its components, corroding fuel pumps and blocking filters, for example. This affects the operation of the engine, and, in the most severe cases, vessel safety. This study considered fossil diesel containing hydrochloric acid as a possible product formed under certain conditions in fuel contaminated with COCs and its effects on carbon steel, stainless steel, tempering steel, and aluminum. Five fuel samples with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid were prepared, plus one sample of diesel and water. Metal bars were partially immersed in the fuel samples and stored at room temperature for approximately one month. A visual assessment found corrosion across the entire surface of all metal bars when exposed to fuel samples containing hydrochloric acid. Even the smallest acid content (25 ppm) caused corrosion, and the effects were already observable after only two days of exposure. Despite their acid contamination, the measured fuel properties fulfilled the standard for automotive fuels at the beginning of the test. The water in the diesel sample did not cause any visible corrosion.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Gulf Stream Effects on Sea Level Oscillations: Enhancing Performance of a Coastal and Estuarine Model Nested into Global Model through Modified Boundary Conditions
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Md Ahsan Habib and Gary A. Zarillo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050775 - 06 May 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of the gulf stream (GS) on sea-level oscillations across various time scales and assesses the performance of a coastal and estuarine model nested within a global model in simulating these variations. It aims to improve boundary conditions to
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This study investigates the effects of the gulf stream (GS) on sea-level oscillations across various time scales and assesses the performance of a coastal and estuarine model nested within a global model in simulating these variations. It aims to improve boundary conditions to simulate sea-level oscillations more accurately by considering the influence of GS flow. An inverse correlation is observed between observed sea-level oscillation and GS flow, which becomes more pronounced over longer time scales. Using Delft3D, a high-resolution coastal and estuarine model is developed to simulate circulation dynamics in the central Indian River Lagoon (IRL), FL, and adjacent coastal areas on the Florida east coast. The model is nested into the HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model), and meteorological forcings are derived from the NARR (North American Regional Reanalysis) model. The model demonstrates satisfactory performance across key parameters, including tide, salinity, water temperature, and currents. However, there remains a noticeable difference between the modeled and observed data. To address this, the model is executed with modified flow boundary conditions at eastern boundary nodes, integrating HYCOM tide, and observing low-frequency sea-level variations. The implementation of the new boundary conditions results in an improved simulation of sea-level oscillations. This study presents the conceptual framework and detailed methodologies employed in the creation of a high-resolution model tailored for estuarine and coastal areas nested into global models capable of satisfactorily simulating sea-level oscillations even when the global model does not represent GS effects.
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(This article belongs to the Section Coastal Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Marine Renewable-Driven Green Hydrogen Production toward a Sustainable Solution and a Low-Carbon Future in Morocco
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Khadija Taroual, Mourad Nachtane, Marwane Rouway, Mostapha Tarfaoui, Abdessamad Faik, Viorel Mînzu, Karim Hilmi and Dennoun Saifaoui
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050774 - 05 May 2024
Abstract
Oceanic energy sources, notably offshore wind and wave power, present a significant opportunity to generate green hydrogen through water electrolysis. This approach allows for offshore hydrogen production, which can be efficiently transported through existing pipelines and stored in various forms, offering a versatile
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Oceanic energy sources, notably offshore wind and wave power, present a significant opportunity to generate green hydrogen through water electrolysis. This approach allows for offshore hydrogen production, which can be efficiently transported through existing pipelines and stored in various forms, offering a versatile solution to tackle the intermittency of renewable energy sources and potentially revolutionize the entire electrical grid infrastructure. This research focusses on assessing the technical and economic feasibility of this method in six strategic coastal regions in Morocco: Laayoune, Agadir, Essaouira, Eljadida, Casablanca and Larache. Our proposed system integrates offshore wind turbines, oscillating water column wave energy converters, and PEM electrolyzers, to meet energy demands while aligning with global sustainability objectives. Significant electricity production estimates are observed across these regions, ranging from 14 MW to 20 MW. Additionally, encouraging annual estimates of hydrogen production, varying between 20 and 40 tonnes for specific locations, showcase the potential of this approach. The system’s performance demonstrates promising efficiency rates, ranging from 13% to 18%, while maintaining competitive production costs. These findings underscore the ability of oceanic energy-driven green hydrogen to diversify Morocco’s energy portfolio, bolster water resilience, and foster sustainable development. Ultimately, this research lays the groundwork for comprehensive energy policies and substantial infrastructure investments, positioning Morocco on a trajectory towards a decarbonized future powered by innovative and clean technologies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Renewable Energy and the Transition to a Low Carbon Future 2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Design and Development of an SVM-Powered Underwater Acoustic Modem
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Gabriel S. Guerrero-Chilabert, David Moreno-Salinas and José Sánchez-Moreno
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050773 - 05 May 2024
Abstract
Underwater acoustic communication is fraught with challenges, including signal distortion, noise, and interferences unique to aquatic environments. This study aimed to advance the field by developing a novel underwater modem system that utilizes machine learning for signal classification, enhancing the reliability and clarity
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Underwater acoustic communication is fraught with challenges, including signal distortion, noise, and interferences unique to aquatic environments. This study aimed to advance the field by developing a novel underwater modem system that utilizes machine learning for signal classification, enhancing the reliability and clarity of underwater transmissions. This research introduced a system architecture incorporating a Lattice Semiconductors FPGA for signal modulation and a half-pipe waveguide to emulate the underwater environment. For signal classification, support vector machines (SVMs) were leveraged with the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) employed for feature extraction from acoustic signals. Comparative analysis with traditional signal processing techniques highlighted the efficacy of the CWT in this context. The experiments and tests carried out with the system demonstrated superior performance in classifying modulated signals under simulated underwater conditions, with the SVM providing a robust classification despite the presence of noise. The use of the CWT for feature extraction significantly enhanced the model’s accuracy, eliminating the need for further dimensionality reduction. Therefore, the integration of machine learning with advanced signal processing techniques presents a promising research line for overcoming the complexities of underwater acoustic communication. The findings underscore the potential of data mining methodologies to improve signal clarity and transmission reliability in aquatic environments.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Navigation and Localization for Autonomous Marine Vehicles)
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Energy-Efficient Resource Optimization for IRS-Assisted VLC-Enabled Offshore Communication System
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Woping Xu and Li Gu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050772 - 05 May 2024
Abstract
In this paper, a downlink energy efficiency maximization problem is investigated in an intelligent reflective surface (IRS)-assisted visible light communication system. In order to extend wireless communication coverage of the onshore base station, an IRS mounted on a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is
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In this paper, a downlink energy efficiency maximization problem is investigated in an intelligent reflective surface (IRS)-assisted visible light communication system. In order to extend wireless communication coverage of the onshore base station, an IRS mounted on a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is introduced to assist an onshore lighthouse with simultaneously providing remote ship users wireless communication services and illumination. Aiming to maximizing the energy efficiency of the proposed system, a resource allocation problem is formulated as the ratio of the achievable system sum rate to the total power consumption under the constraints of the user’s data requirement and transmit power budget. Due to the non-convexity of the proposed problem, the Dinkelbach method and mean-square error (MSE) method are adopted to turn the non-convex origin problem into two equivalent problems, namely transmit beamforming and reflected phase shifting. The Lagrangian method and semidefinite relaxation technique are used to obtain the closed-form solutions of these two subproblems. Accordingly, an alternative optimization-based resource allocation scheme is proposed to obtain the optimal system energy efficiency. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs better in terms of energy efficiency over benchmark schemes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Underwater Acoustic Communication and Ocean Sensor Networks)
Open AccessArticle
Four Storm Surge Cases on the Coast of São Paulo, Brazil: Weather Analyses and High-Resolution Forecasts
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Sin Chan Chou, Marcely Sondermann, Diego José Chagas, Jorge Luís Gomes, Celia Regina de Gouveia Souza, Matheus Souza Ruiz, Alexandra F. P. Sampaio, Renan Braga Ribeiro, Regina Souza Ferreira, Priscila Linhares da Silva and Joseph Harari
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 771; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050771 - 03 May 2024
Abstract
The coast of São Paulo, Brazil, is exposed to storm surges that can cause damage and floods. These storm surges are produced by slowly traveling cyclone–anticyclone systems. The motivation behind this work was the need to evaluate high-resolution forecasts of the mean sea-level
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The coast of São Paulo, Brazil, is exposed to storm surges that can cause damage and floods. These storm surges are produced by slowly traveling cyclone–anticyclone systems. The motivation behind this work was the need to evaluate high-resolution forecasts of the mean sea-level pressure and 10 m winds, which are the major drivers of the wave model. This work is part of the activity in devising an early warning system for São Paulo coastal storm surges. For the evaluation, four case studies that had a major impact on the coast of São Paulo in 2020 were selected. Because storm surges that reach the coast may cause coastal flooding, precipitation forecasts were also evaluated. The mesoscale Eta model produces forecasts with a 5 km resolution for up to an 84 h lead time. The model was set up in a region that covers part of southeast and south Brazil. The ERA5 reanalysis was used to describe the large-scale synoptic conditions and to evaluate the weather forecasts. The cases showed a region in common between 35° S, 40° S and 35° W, 45° W where the low-pressure center deepened rapidly on the day before the highest waves reached the coast of São Paulo, with a mostly eastward, rather than northeastward, displacement of the associated surface cyclone and minimal or no tilt with height. The winds on the coast were the strongest on the day before the surge reached the coast of São Paulo, and then the winds weakened on the day of the maximum wave height. The pattern of the mean sea-level pressure and 10 m wind in the 36 h, 60 h, and 84 h forecasts agreed with the ERA5 reanalysis, but the pressure was slightly underestimated. In contrast, the winds along the coast were slightly overestimated. The 24 h accumulated precipitation pattern was also captured by the forecast, but was overestimated, especially at high precipitation rates. The 36 h forecasts showed the smallest error, but the growth in the error for longer lead times was small, which made the 84 h forecasts useful for driving wave models and other local applications, such as an early warning system.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Real-Time Forecasting of Waves and Storm Surge)
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Modeling a Zero-Emissions Hydrogen-Powered Catamaran Ferry Using AVL Cruise-M Software
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Luca Micoli, Tommaso Coppola, Roberta Russo and Vincenzo Sorrentino
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050770 - 03 May 2024
Abstract
This work focuses on the modeling of a zero-emissions, high-speed catamaran ferry employing a full-electric propulsion system. It addresses the global emphasis on full-electric vessels to align with IMO regulations regarding ship emissions and energy efficiency improvement. Using the AVL Cruise-M software, this
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This work focuses on the modeling of a zero-emissions, high-speed catamaran ferry employing a full-electric propulsion system. It addresses the global emphasis on full-electric vessels to align with IMO regulations regarding ship emissions and energy efficiency improvement. Using the AVL Cruise-M software, this research verified the implementation of an onboard fuel cell power-generating system integrated with a propulsion plant, aiming to assess its dynamic performance under load variations. The catamaran was 30 m long and 10 m wide with a cruise speed of 20 knots. The power system consisted of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM) system, with a nominal power of 1600 kWe, a battery pack with a capacity of 2 kWh, two 777 kW electric motors, and their relative balance of the plant (BoP) subsystems. The simulation results show that the battery effectively supported the PEM during the maneuvering phase, enhancing its overall performance and energy economy.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessReview
Artificial Intelligence in Ship Trajectory Prediction
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Jinqiang Bi, Hongen Cheng, Wenjia Zhang, Kexin Bao and Peiren Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 769; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050769 - 01 May 2024
Abstract
Maritime traffic is increasing more and more, creating more complex navigation environments for ships. Ship trajectory prediction based on historical AIS data is a vital method of reducing navigation risks and enhancing the efficiency of maritime traffic control. At present, employing machine learning
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Maritime traffic is increasing more and more, creating more complex navigation environments for ships. Ship trajectory prediction based on historical AIS data is a vital method of reducing navigation risks and enhancing the efficiency of maritime traffic control. At present, employing machine learning or deep learning techniques to construct predictive models based on AIS data has become a focal point in ship trajectory prediction research. This paper systematically evaluates various trajectory prediction methods, spanning classical machine learning approaches and emerging deep learning techniques, to uncover their respective merits and drawbacks. In this work, a variety of studies were investigated that applied different algorithms in ship trajectory prediction, including regression models (RMs), artificial neural networks (ANNs), Kalman filtering (KF), and random forests (RFs) in machine learning, along with deep learning such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM), gate recurrent unit (GRU) networks, and sequence-to-sequence (Seq2seq) networks. The performance of predictive models based on different algorithms in trajectory prediction tasks was graded and analyzed. Among the existing studies, deep learning methods exhibit significant performance and considerable potential application value for maritime traffic systems, which can be assessed by future work on ship trajectory prediction research.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Optimizing Infragravity Wave Attenuation to Improve Coral Reef Restoration Design for Coastal Defense
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Benjamin K. Norris, Curt D. Storlazzi, Andrew W. M. Pomeroy and Borja G. Reguero
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050768 - 01 May 2024
Abstract
Coral reefs are effective natural flood barriers that protect adjacent coastal communities. As the need to adapt to rising sea levels, storms, and environmental changes increases, reef restoration may be one of the best tools available to mitigate coastal flooding along tropical coastlines,
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Coral reefs are effective natural flood barriers that protect adjacent coastal communities. As the need to adapt to rising sea levels, storms, and environmental changes increases, reef restoration may be one of the best tools available to mitigate coastal flooding along tropical coastlines, now and in the future. Reefs act as a barrier to incoming short-wave energy but can amplify low-frequency infragravity waves that, in turn, drive coastal flooding along low-lying tropical coastlines. Here, we investigate whether the spacing of reef restoration elements can be optimized to maximize infragravity wave energy dissipation while minimizing the number of elements—a key factor in the cost of a restoration project. With this goal, we model the hydrodynamics of infragravity wave dissipation over a coral restoration or artificial reef, represented by a canopy of idealized hemispherical roughness elements, using a three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations solver (OpenFOAM). The results demonstrate that denser canopies of restoration elements produce greater wave dissipation under larger waves with longer periods. Wave dissipation is also frequency-dependent: dense canopies remove wave energy at the predominant wave frequency, whereas sparse canopies remove energy at higher frequencies, and hence are less efficient. We also identify an inflection point in the canopy density–energy dissipation curve that balances optimal energy losses with a minimum number of canopy elements. Through this work, we show that there are an ideal number of restoration elements per across-shore meter of coral reef flat that can be installed to dissipate infragravity wave energy for given incident heights and periods. These results have implications for designing coral reef restoration projects on reef flats that are effective both from a coastal defense and costing standpoint.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Engineering: Sustainability and New Technologies, 2nd Edition)
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Modes of Weather System-Induced Flows through an Arctic Lagoon
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Chunyan Li, Wei Huang, Changsheng Chen, Kevin M. Boswell and Renhao Wu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 767; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050767 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
With the increasing warming of the Arctic, the summertime ice-free period in the coastal Arctic becomes longer and the water exchange between arctic lagoons and coastal Beaufort Sea becomes more important for land–ocean interaction. This study examined the dynamics of water exchange between
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With the increasing warming of the Arctic, the summertime ice-free period in the coastal Arctic becomes longer and the water exchange between arctic lagoons and coastal Beaufort Sea becomes more important for land–ocean interaction. This study examined the dynamics of water exchange between the arctic lagoons and the Arctic Ocean under the influence of weather systems (the transient arctic cyclones and hovering Beaufort High pressure system). We implemented rare observations, numerical modeling with the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), and a forcing-response Empirical Orthogonal Function (fr-EOF) analysis to determine the weather-driven flow patterns and characteristics in the micro-tidal arctic lagoon (Elson Lagoon) with little freshwater discharge. The results were validated for both tidal and subtidal currents with in situ data. The inlets of the lagoon were significantly impacted by wind associated with the weather systems and the flows through the inlets were highly correlated with each other. The fr-EOF analysis for the 1.5-month FVCOM output indicated three significant modes of wind-driven flow. In the deepest (~16 m) northwestern-most inlet, a counter-wind flow occurred more than 96% of the time due to setup and set down of water level inside the lagoon and the vorticity balance related to the wind stress and water depth. For about 60–80% of the time, the exchange flow was out of the lagoon through the northwestern-most and deepest inlet due to the strong easterly winds dictated by the Beaufort High; this dominant flow is mainly caused by the persistent easterly wind as a limb of the Beaufort High pressure system, modified by the transient arctic cyclones with a westerly wind and inward flows at the westernmost inlet of Elson Lagoon. This study shows that the alternating influence from the cyclone-anticyclone weather systems produces a meteorological tide in the subtidal spectrum which dominates the water exchange in the region through the multiple inlets. With the observed increase in cyclone strength and frequency under the warming trend, this may imply a greater contribution from the westerly wind because of the increased cyclonic activities. If this is the case, the inward flow might increase and have an effect on sediment, larval, and nutrient transports through this system.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamic Circulation Modelling in the Marine Environment)
Open AccessArticle
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Oyster Settlement on Intertidal Reefs Support Site-Specific Assessments for Restoration Practices
by
Shannon D. Kimmel, Hans J. Prevost, Alexandria Knoell, Pamela Marcum and Nicole Dix
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050766 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
As some of the most threatened ecosystems in the world, the declining condition and coverage of coastal habitats results in the loss of the myriad ecosystem services they provide. Due to the variability in physical and biological characteristics across sites, it is imperative
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As some of the most threatened ecosystems in the world, the declining condition and coverage of coastal habitats results in the loss of the myriad ecosystem services they provide. Due to the variability in physical and biological characteristics across sites, it is imperative to increase location-based information to inform local management projects, which will potentially help to reestablish functions of coastal habitats. Since oysters are often used in restoration projects, this study quantified spatial and temporal patterns in eastern oyster spat settlement in a bar-built estuary in northeast Florida, USA that is host to a robust population of intertidal oyster reefs. Spat settlement was found to occur from April to October with small peaks in the spring and large ones around September. Inter-annual differences in spat settlement were likely influenced by existing environmental conditions and heavily affected by large-scale events such as tropical cyclones. Variations in regional spat settlements are possibly driven by the residence times of the watersheds, the density of adult populations, and the location of the spat collectors. The results of this study illustrate place-based variability in oyster settlement patterns and underscore the importance of local monitoring for oyster resource management, restoration, and research.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Ecological Restoration: Techniques and Novel Approaches to Living Shorelines and Oyster Reef Construction)
Open AccessArticle
Research on the Vanishing Point Detection Method Based on an Improved Lightweight AlexNet Network for Narrow Waterway Scenarios
by
Guobing Xie, Binghua Shi, Yixin Su, Xinran Wu, Guoao Zhou and Jiefeng Shi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050765 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
When an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) navigates in narrow waterway scenarios, its ability to detect vanishing points accurately and quickly is highly important for safeguarding its navigation safety and realizing automated navigation. We propose a novel approach for detecting vanishing points based on
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When an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) navigates in narrow waterway scenarios, its ability to detect vanishing points accurately and quickly is highly important for safeguarding its navigation safety and realizing automated navigation. We propose a novel approach for detecting vanishing points based on an improved lightweight AlexNet. First, a similarity evaluation calculation method based on image texture features is proposed, by which some scenarios are selected from the filtered Google Street Road Dataset (GSRD). These filtered scenarios, together with the USV Inland Dataset (USVID), compose the training dataset, which is manually labeled according to a non-uniformly distributed grid level. Next, the classical AlexNet was adjusted and optimized by constructing sequential connections of four convolutional layers and four pooling layers and incorporating the Inception A and Inception C structures in the first two convolutional layers. During model training, we formulate vanishing point detection as a classification problem using an output layer with 225 discrete possible vanishing point locations. Finally, we compare and analyze the labeled vanishing point with the detected vanishing point. The experimental results show that the accuracy of our method and the state-of-the-art algorithmic vanishing point detector improves, indicating that our improved lightweight AlexNet can be applied in narrow waterway navigation scenarios and can provide a technical reference for autonomous navigation of USVs.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Optimization Analysis of the Arrangement of the Submerged Floating Tunnel Subjected to Waves
by
Wenbo Pan, Cheng Cui, Chun Chen, Mingxiao Xie, Qian Gu and Zhiwen Yang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050764 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
The motion responses, mooring tensions, and submergence depth are the dominant factors for the arrangement of the Submerged Floating Tunnel (SFT) subjected to waves. Generally, the maximum values of motion responses, mooring tensions, and absolute submergence depth are mainly focused on. In the
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The motion responses, mooring tensions, and submergence depth are the dominant factors for the arrangement of the Submerged Floating Tunnel (SFT) subjected to waves. Generally, the maximum values of motion responses, mooring tensions, and absolute submergence depth are mainly focused on. In the present study, experiments are implemented to measure the motion responses and mooring tensions of the SFT with different mooring patterns and submergence depths under waves with different characteristic wave heights and periods. In order to evaluate the arrangement of the SFT more effectively and comprehensively, besides the maximum values, several new characteristic parameters are introduced. Such parameters account for the motion responses in the frequency domain, the uniformity of the tension distribution, the length of time during which the cable reaches a relaxed condition during wave action, the KC number, the dimensionless period, the wave height, and the submergence depth. The results from the optimization analysis show the following: according to the characteristic values of motion responses and mooring tensions, the pattern of diagonal cables is better than that of diagonal cables + vertical cables; and within the range of the present experiments, there are optimal dimensionless parameters—the dimensionless submergence depth d0/LP ≥ 0.15, the KC number ≤ 0.8, or the dimensionless wave height Hs/d0 ≤ 0.10—for the condition of which the dynamic responses and mooring tensions vary slightly.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Coastal Engineering)
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