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Nutrients
Special Issues
Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes
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Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 September 2024 | Viewed by 5115

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giuseppe Della Pepa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, 56124 Pisa, Italy
2. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: dietary intervention; type 2 diabetes; dyslipidaemia; metabolic syndrome; NAFLD
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiometabolic risk factors and type 2 diabetes are the largest contributors to the global disease burden and disease-related mortality. Visceral obesity drives the progression of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors and type 2 diabetes, and behavioural lifestyle weight loss interventions are important strategies for the prevention of these metabolic alterations.

Despite the consistent evidence that the greater the body weight loss, the greater the preventive effect on cardiometabolic risk factors or diabetes, too radical strategies might be unfeasible on a large scale, and the long-term maintenance of weight reduction following restricted calorie diets represents a major challenge.

Changes in diet composition acting on nutrient quality independently of changes in energy intake may be effective in cardiometabolic and diabetes risk prevention, offering a more feasible and safer alternative treatment to energy restriction.

The aim of the present Special Issue is to summarize recent evidence on "Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Diabetes". More specifically, the impact of diet quality in terms of micro- or macronutrient composition, beyond the effect of diet restriction, on the prevention of cardiometabolic and diabetes risk, as well as diabetes management, will be discussed. Personalized quality dietary interventions for cardiometabolic health and diabetes prevention, as well as possible underlying mechanisms, will also be addressed in this Special Issue. 

This Special Issue welcomes submissions of original research and reviews of the scientific literature, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Dr. Giuseppe Della Pepa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • isocaloric diet
  • dietary quality
  • macronutrient/micronutrient composition
  • dietary intervention
  • visceral fat
  • NAFLD
  • cardiometabolic risk
  • insulin resistance
  • hypertension
  • dyslipidaemia
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • endothelial function
  • type 2 diabetes
  • metabolic syndrome

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 217 KiB  
Editorial
Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes
by Giuseppe Della Pepa
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4283; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194283 - 8 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1119
Abstract
The alarming rise in obesity worldwide is a dramatic public health concern [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 1332 KiB  
Article
Plant-Based Food for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Scoping Review
by Jéssica Carolinne Damasceno e Silva, Isabele Christina Andrade Bezerra Anghinoni and Marília Brito Gomes
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1671; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111671 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 166
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition with growing worldwide prevalence. Besides genetic factors, a sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, and inadequate eating habits, characterized by an excess intake of refined carbohydrates and ultra-processed foods, are contributing factors for the development of [...] Read more.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition with growing worldwide prevalence. Besides genetic factors, a sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, and inadequate eating habits, characterized by an excess intake of refined carbohydrates and ultra-processed foods, are contributing factors for the development of the disease. In this scenario, promoting a plant-based diet, and limiting animal product consumption while increasing the intake of vegetables, concurrently with healthy lifestyle habits, is a promising strategy to prevent T2DM. This scoping review, carried out between 2017 and 2022, aimed to gather evidence substantiating the benefits of a plant-based diet in T2DM prevention, considering different eating patterns, such as vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean, and DASH diets. Several studies demonstrate a significant reduction in T2DM incidence among individuals adopting plant-based eating patterns or emphasizing healthy plant-based food alongside decreased intake or exclusion of animal-based foods. There are still no robust data regarding plant-based diets and the prevention of diabetes without loss in body weight. Hence, prospective studies in plant-based diets with weight control are needed. Nevertheless, adopting plant-based diets appears to induce significant weight loss, which is crucial in an obesity-endemic context. Thus, embracing plant-based diets, along with healthy habits, emerges as a relevant strategy in obesity and T2DM prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes)
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15 pages, 810 KiB  
Article
Eight Weeks of Intermittent Exercise in Hypoxia, with or without a Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Improves Bone Mass and Functional and Physiological Capacity in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
by Raquel Kindlovits, Ana Catarina Sousa, João Luís Viana, Jaime Milheiro, Bruno M. P. M. Oliveira, Franklim Marques, Alejandro Santos and Vitor Hugo Teixeira
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1624; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111624 - 26 May 2024
Viewed by 321
Abstract
In an increasingly aging and overweight population, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns. T2DM patients experience prejudicial effects on their bone health, affecting their physical capacity. Exercise in hypoxia (EH) and a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) have been suggested [...] Read more.
In an increasingly aging and overweight population, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns. T2DM patients experience prejudicial effects on their bone health, affecting their physical capacity. Exercise in hypoxia (EH) and a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) have been suggested for therapeutic benefits in T2DM, improving bone mineral content (BMC) and glycemic control. This study investigated the effects of EH combined with an LCD on body composition and functional and physiologic capacity in T2DM patients. Older T2DM patients (n = 42) were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) control group: control diet + exercise in normoxia; (2) EH group: control diet + EH; (3) intervention group: LCD + EH. Cardiopulmonary tests (BRUCE protocol), body composition (DEXA), and functional capacity (6MWT, handgrip strength) were evaluated. Body mass index (kg/m2) and body fat (%) decreased in all groups (p < 0.001). BMC (kg) increased in all groups (p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in the EH and EH + LCD groups (p < 0.001). VO2peak improved in all groups (p < 0.001), but more so in the hypoxia groups (p = 0.019). Functional capacity was increased in all groups (p < 0.001), but more so in the EH group in 6MWT (p = 0.030). EH with and without an LCD is a therapeutic strategy for improving bone mass in T2DM, which is associated with cardiorespiratory and functional improvements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes)
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12 pages, 683 KiB  
Article
Differential Effects of Two Isocaloric Healthy Diets on Postprandial Lipid Responses in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
by Giuseppina Costabile, Dominic Salamone, Giuseppe Della Pepa, Marilena Vitale, Roberta Testa, Paola Cipriano, Giuseppe Scidà, Angela Albarosa Rivellese, Giovanni Annuzzi and Lutgarda Bozzetto
Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030333 - 23 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1331
Abstract
Background. High blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the postprandial period have been shown to be more closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting values in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary changes are the primary determinants of [...] Read more.
Background. High blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the postprandial period have been shown to be more closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting values in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary changes are the primary determinants of postprandial lipid responses. Methods. We investigated the effects of an isocaloric multifactorial diet, rich in n-3 PUFA, MUFA, fiber, polyphenols, and vitamins, compared to an isocaloric diet, containing the same amount of MUFA, on the postprandial lipid response in T2D individuals. Following a randomized, controlled, parallel group design, 43 (25 male/18 female) T2D individuals were assigned to an isocaloric multifactorial (n = 21) or a MUFA-rich diet (n = 22). At the beginning and after the 8 weeks of dietary intervention, the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol were detected at fasting and over a 4-h test meal with the same composition as the prescribed diet. Results. The concentrations of fasting plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol did not change after both diets. Compared with the MUFA diet, the 8-week multifactorial diet significantly lowered the postprandial response, which was evaluated as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC), of triglycerides by 33% (64 ± 68 vs. 96 ± 50 mmol/L·240 min, mean ± SD, respectively, p = 0.018), total cholesterol by 105% (−51 ± 33 vs. −25 ± 29, p = 0.013), and non-HDL cholesterol by 206% (−39 ± 33 vs. −13 ± 23, p = 0.013). Conclusions. In T2D individuals, a multifactorial diet, characterized by several beneficial components, improved the postprandial lipid response compared to a MUFA diet, generally considered a healthy diet being reduced in saturated fat, and probably contributed to the reduction of cardiovascular risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes)
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13 pages, 1305 KiB  
Article
Understanding Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Parameters through Intermittent Fasting: A Machine Learning Approach
by Shula Shazman
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3926; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183926 - 10 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Despite the availability of pharmacological treatments, dietary plans, and exercise regimens, T2DM remains a significant global cause of mortality. As a result, there is an increasing interest [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Despite the availability of pharmacological treatments, dietary plans, and exercise regimens, T2DM remains a significant global cause of mortality. As a result, there is an increasing interest in exploring lifestyle interventions, such as intermittent fasting (IF). This study aims to identify underlying patterns and principles for effectively improving T2DM risk parameters through IF. By analyzing data from multiple randomized clinical trials investigating various IF interventions in humans, a machine learning algorithm was employed to develop a personalized recommendation system. This system offers guidance tailored to pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals, suggesting the most suitable IF interventions to improve T2DM risk parameters. With a success rate of 95%, this recommendation system provides highly individualized advice, optimizing the benefits of IF for diverse population subgroups. The outcomes of this study lead us to conclude that weight is a crucial feature for females, while age plays a determining role for males in reducing glucose levels in blood. By revealing patterns in diabetes risk parameters among individuals, this study not only offers practical guidance but also sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of T2DM, contributing to a deeper understanding of this complex metabolic disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes)
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