Virulence and Resistance Mechanisms in Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 863

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA
2. Department of Pathology, Prisma Health, School of Health Science Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
3. Dorn Research Institute, Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Interests: Acinetobacter; Klebsiella; drug discovery; antimicrobial stewardship; virulence factors; infectious diseases; bacteriology
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Department of Biology and Marine Science, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Fl, USA
Interests: Acinetobacter; Stenotrophomonas; drug discovery; virulence factors; infectious diseases; bacterial iron-acquisition
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Guest Editor
Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
Interests: host-pathogen interactions; bacterial infection; vaccines; medical mycology; innate immunity
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to submit your research characterizing virulence and/or resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria for publication consideration in this Special Issue of Pathogens. Gram-negative infections cause a substantial burden to patients globally, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. This is reflected by data from both the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization in their reports on antibiotic-resistant threats and priority pathogens, respectively, wherein many of the pathogens noted are Gram-negative. While much is known about many of these pathogens, novel therapeutics to combat these bacteria in the healthcare setting are lacking, mainly due to a lack of data pertaining to their underlying virulence and resistance mechanisms. This sparsity of data makes the discovery of therapeutic targets difficult, stifling drug development. This Special Issue therefore encourages submissions of original research that closes this gap by elucidating the virulence and resistance mechanisms of these critically important bacteria, ultimately aiding in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.

Dr. Steven E. Fiester
Dr. William Penwell
Dr. Carmelo Biondo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • antibiotic resistance mechanisms
  • MDR gram-negative bacteria
  • gram-negative nosocomial infections
  • carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections
  • bacterial infection

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 940 KiB  
Article
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Surgical Intensive Care Units: Antibiotic Susceptibility and β-Lactamase Characterization
by Daniela Bandić Pavlović, Mladen Pospišil, Marina Nađ, Vilena Vrbanović Mijatović, Josefa Luxner, Gernot Zarfel, Andrea Grisold, Dinko Tonković, Mirela Dobrić and Branka Bedenić
Pathogens 2024, 13(5), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13050411 - 15 May 2024
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Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria of the utmost importance are extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE). In this study, an evaluation of MDR bacteria in surgical intensive [...] Read more.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria of the utmost importance are extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE). In this study, an evaluation of MDR bacteria in surgical intensive care units in a tertiary referral hospital was conducted. The study aimed to characterize β-lactamases and other resistance traits of Gram-negative bacteria isolated in surgical intensive care units (ICUs). Disk diffusion and the broth dilution method were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing, whereas ESBL screening was performed through a double disk synergy test and an inhibitor-based test with clavulanic acid. A total of 119 MDR bacterial isolates were analysed. ESBL production was observed in half of the Proteus mirabilis, 90% of the Klebsiella pneumoniae and all of the Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli isolates. OXA-48 carbapenemase, carried by the L plasmid, was detected in 34 K. pneumoniae and one E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates, whereas NDM occurred sporadically and was identified in three K. pneumoniae isolates. OXA-48 positive isolates coharboured ESBLs belonging to the CTX-M family in all but one isolate. OXA-23 carbapenemase was confirmed in all A. baumannii isolates. The findings of this study provide valuable insight of resistance determinants of Enterobacterales and A. baumannii which will enhance surveillance and intervention strategies that are necessary to curb the ever-growing carbapenem resistance rates. Full article
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