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Viruses
Special Issues
Epigenetic and Transcriptional Regulation of DNA Virus Infections
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Epigenetic and Transcriptional Regulation of DNA Virus Infections

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 563

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zsolt Toth

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Interests: epigenetic regulation of the KSHV life cycle; de novo viral infection; the establishment and maintenance of KSHV latency; lytic reactivation from latency

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The goal of this Special Issue is to highlight the gene-controlling mechanisms of the viral and host factors involved in the regulation of DNA virus infections. DNA viruses replicating in the nuclei of infected cells have evolved in such a way that they are able to utilize the transcriptional and epigenetic machineries of the host cells to facilitate the viral infection. Both original research and review articles on any DNA viruses that infect humans or the animal kingdom are welcome. We invite primary studies and reviews that deal with any steps of gene expression regulation, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic mechanisms during primary viral infection, viral latency, or lytic viral reactivation.

Dr. Zsolt Toth
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viral gene regulation
  • DNA virus
  • primary infection
  • latency
  • viral reactivation
  • chromatin regulatory factors
  • epigenetic factors
  • transcriptional gene regulation
  • post-transcriptional gene regulation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2766 KiB  
Article
cGAS-STING-TBK1 Signaling Promotes Valproic Acid-Responsive Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early Transcription during Infection of Incompletely Differentiated Myeloid Cells
by Emily R. Albright and Robert F. Kalejta
Viruses 2024, 16(6), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060877 (registering DOI) - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 113
Abstract
Repression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early (IE) gene expression is a key regulatory step in the establishment and maintenance of latent reservoirs. Viral IE transcription and protein accumulation can be elevated during latency by treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors such as valproic acid [...] Read more.
Repression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early (IE) gene expression is a key regulatory step in the establishment and maintenance of latent reservoirs. Viral IE transcription and protein accumulation can be elevated during latency by treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors such as valproic acid (VPA), rendering infected cells visible to adaptive immune responses. However, the latency-associated viral protein UL138 inhibits the ability of VPA to enhance IE gene expression during infection of incompletely differentiated myeloid cells that support latency. UL138 also limits the accumulation of IFNβ transcripts by inhibiting the cGAS-STING-TBK1 DNA-sensing pathway. Here, we show that, in the absence of UL138, the cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway promotes both IFNβ accumulation and VPA-responsive IE gene expression in incompletely differentiated myeloid cells. Inactivation of this pathway by either genetic or pharmacological inhibition phenocopied UL138 expression and reduced VPA-responsive IE transcript and protein accumulation. This work reveals a link between cytoplasmic pathogen sensing and epigenetic control of viral lytic phase transcription and suggests that manipulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways could aid in the refinement of MIEP regulatory strategies to target latent viral reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epigenetic and Transcriptional Regulation of DNA Virus Infections)
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22 pages, 8868 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Roles of KSHV Viral Interferon Regulatory Factors in Oral Epithelial Cells
by Seung Jin Jang, Natalie Atyeo, Mario Mietzsch, Min Y. Chae, Robert McKenna, Zsolt Toth and Bernadett Papp
Viruses 2024, 16(6), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060846 - 25 May 2024
Viewed by 234
Abstract
The viral interferon regulatory factors (vIRFs) of KSHV are known to dysregulate cell signaling pathways to promote viral oncogenesis and to block antiviral immune responses to facilitate infection. However, it remains unknown to what extent each vIRF plays a role in gene regulation. [...] Read more.
The viral interferon regulatory factors (vIRFs) of KSHV are known to dysregulate cell signaling pathways to promote viral oncogenesis and to block antiviral immune responses to facilitate infection. However, it remains unknown to what extent each vIRF plays a role in gene regulation. To address this, we performed a comparative analysis of the protein structures and gene regulation of the four vIRFs. Our structure prediction analysis revealed that despite their low amino acid sequence similarity, vIRFs exhibit high structural homology in both their DNA-binding domain (DBD) and IRF association domain. However, despite this shared structural homology, we demonstrate that each vIRF regulates a distinct set of KSHV gene promoters and human genes in epithelial cells. We also found that the DBD of vIRF1 is essential in regulating the expression of its target genes. We propose that the structurally similar vIRFs evolved to possess specialized transcriptional functions to regulate specific genes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epigenetic and Transcriptional Regulation of DNA Virus Infections)
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