Protein Citrullination by Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase/Arginine Deiminase Homologs in Members of the Human Microbiota and Its Recognition by Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Influence of the Microbiome on Autoimmunity
1.2. Homologs of PADs/ADs in the Human Microbiome and Their Implications in RA
2. Results
2.1. Homologs of PADs/ADs Are Present in Microbial Extracts
2.2. Microbial Proteins Are Endogenously Citrullinated
2.3. Isotype IgG of RA Sera Recognizes Antigens of the Microbiota
2.4. Affinity ACPAs Recognize Citrullinated Antigens of the Microbiota
2.5. Citrullination Activity in Microbial Cultures
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Type of Study
4.2. Population and Sample
4.3. Biological Samples
4.4. Determination of Anti-CCP Antibodies by ELISA
4.5. Affinity ACPAs Obtained by Elution
4.6. Microbial Cultures Using Selective and Differential Mediums
4.7. Microbial Antigenic Extraction and Quantification
4.8. SDS-PAGE and Western Blot Analyses
4.9. Citrullination Activity in Microbial Cultures
4.10. Statistic Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phyla | Firmicutes | Ascomycota | Proteobacteria | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
Citrullination activity | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | ND | − | − | ND | + |
Expression of citrullinated antigens | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + |
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Pérez-Pérez, M.-E.; Nieto-Torres, E.; Bollain-y-Goytia, J.-J.; Delgadillo-Ruíz, L. Protein Citrullination by Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase/Arginine Deiminase Homologs in Members of the Human Microbiota and Its Recognition by Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 5192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105192
Pérez-Pérez M-E, Nieto-Torres E, Bollain-y-Goytia J-J, Delgadillo-Ruíz L. Protein Citrullination by Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase/Arginine Deiminase Homologs in Members of the Human Microbiota and Its Recognition by Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(10):5192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105192
Chicago/Turabian StylePérez-Pérez, María-Elena, Enrique Nieto-Torres, Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia, and Lucía Delgadillo-Ruíz. 2024. "Protein Citrullination by Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase/Arginine Deiminase Homologs in Members of the Human Microbiota and Its Recognition by Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 10: 5192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105192