Synergistic Effects of Exogenous Nutrient Ions on the Real-Time Cadmium Extraction by an Accumulator
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experiment Conduction
2.2. Measurements of Cd2+ Fluxes by NMT
2.3. Measurements of Chlorophyll, Dehydrogenase Activity, Biomass and Cd Concentration
2.4. Data Analysis and Difference Comparison
3. Results
3.1. Cd2+ Flow Rate of B. tripartita Root Tip in Different Treatments
3.2. Biomass and Cd Concentrations of B. tripartita in Different Treatments
3.3. Variations in Chlorophyll and Dehydrogenase Activity
4. Discussion
4.1. Dynamic Uptake of Cd2+ Flux from Accumulator and Hyperaccumulator Roots under Cd Stress
4.2. Effects of Exogenous Nutrient Ions on Cd2+ Fluxes
4.3. Biomass and Cd Accumulation Affected by Cd and Exogenous Nutrient Ions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | 0 | 100 μm | 200 μm | 300 μm | 400 μm | 500 μm | 600 μm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without Cd | −19.59 ± 0.86 fH | −30.70 ± 1.54 eJ | −44.76 ± 1.62 cI | −61.66 ± 3.25 aF | −49.75 ± 1.95 bG | −36.39 ± 1.38 dF | −21.00 ± 1.15 fH |
Cd alone | −46.58 ± 1.46 eD | −65.37 ± 3.54 cD | −75.76 ± 4.11 bD | −84.34 ± 3.32 aDC | −77.63 ± 2.43 bC | −63.85 ± 2.49 cB | −55.39 ± 2.94 dB |
Cd with 1 mM Ca2+ | −38.42 ± 2.14 fE | −54.03 ± 2.49 dE | −67.22 ± 2.25 bF | −81.71 ± 2.34 aD | −66.90 ± 4.49 bE | −58.85 ± 3.62 cC | −48.82 ± 2.43 eD |
Cd with 16 mM Ca2+ | −9.09 ± 1.94 eI | −28.29 ± 3.15 cK | −45.58 ± 2.77 bH | −54.04 ± 4.05 aG | −46.44 ± 3.52 bH | −29.26 ± 4.35 cG | −24.25 ± 2.17 dG |
Cd with 0.5 mM Mg2+ | −54.83 ± 2.54 eC | −71.40 ± 2.43 cC | −79.63 ± 3.21 bC | −86.58 ± 3.13 aC | −80.74 ± 3.43 bB | −72.44 ± 3.78 cA | −66.95 ± 3.02 dA |
Cd with 8 mM Mg2+ | −22.72 ± 1.22 gG | −33.08 ± 2.03 eI | −39.95 ± 1.90 cI | −47.48 ± 1.63 aH | −43.82 ± 2.38 bH | −36.67 ± 2.28 dF | −26.71 ± 1.72 fF |
Cd with 0.05 mM Fe3+ | −61.14 ± 1.37 eA | −75.23 ± 1.97 cB | −87.56 ± 3.08 bB | −101.61 ± 3.67 aB | −87.33 ± 3.44 bA | −72.98 ± 2.68 cA | −69.12 ± 2.33 dA |
Cd with 0.5 mM Fe3+ | −21.53 ± 0.62 fG | −36.11 ± 1.53 eH | −58.47 ± 3.27 bG | −66.97 ± 3.21 aE | −56.20 ± 2.09 bF | −49.87 ± 2.44 cE | −43.21 ± 4.03 dE |
Cd with 0.5 mM S | −57.93 ± 3.15 fB | −85.73 ± 3.88 cA | −101.50 ± 5.06 bA | −113.54 ± 5.33 aA | −89.45 ± 4.44 cA | −74.07 ± 3.81 dA | −69.29 ± 3.57 eA |
Cd with 8 mM S | −25.07 ± 1.40 gF | −47.75 ± 2.94 fF | −69.86 ± 1.86 bEF | −82.56 ± 4.57 aD | −65.64 ± 1.84 cE | −57.07 ± 2.08 dC | −52.07 ± 1.10 eC |
Cd with 2 mM K+ | −25.41 ± 1.37 fF | −40.35 ± 1.93 eG | −70.94 ± 3.26 bE | −82.30 ± 3.54 aD | −71.45 ± 3.39 bD | −52.73 ± 2.31 cD | −47.78 ± 2.33 dD |
Cd with 18 mM K+ | −10.59 ± 0.53 fI | −16.08 ± 0.69 eL | −31.71 ± 1.55 bJ | −35.85 ± 1.74 aI | −24.16 ± 1.26 cI | −24.47 ± 1.21 cH | −22.87 ± 0.96 dHG |
Treatments | Biomass (g/Plant) | Cd Concentration (mg/kg) | Concentration of Chl (mg/g FW) | Dehydrogenase Activity (mg/g·h) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | Shoot | Root | Shoot | Chl a | Chl b | ||
Cd alone | 0.25 ± 0.01 cd | 1.65 ± 0.10 b | 258 ± 15 cd | 629 ± 26 cd | 3.19 ± 0.21 b | 2.12 ± 0.13 d | 0.25 ± 0.01 ef |
Cd with 1 mM Ca2+ | 0.26 ± 0.02 c | 1.68 ± 0.07 b | 253 ± 15 d | 641 ± 24 bc | 3.11 ± 0.17 b | 2.18 ± 0.11 cd | 0.23 ± 0.01 ef |
Cd with 16 mM Ca2+ | 0.33 ± 0.02 b | 1.89 ± 0.11 a | 203 ± 11 f | 510 ± 24 e | 3.59 ± 0.09 a | 2.58 ± 0.05 b | 0.29 ± 0.01 d |
Cd with 0.5 mM Mg2+ | 0.24 ± 0.02 d | 1.55 ± 0.05 b | 277 ± 13 c | 589 ± 24 d | 3.16 ± 0.15 b | 2.15 ± 0.14 d | 0.25 ± 0.01 e |
Cd with 8 mM Mg2+ | 0.35 ± 0.01 a | 1.95 ± 0.13 a | 227 ± 11 e | 543 ± 28 e | 3.78 ± 0.10 a | 2.47 ± 0.06 bc | 0.33 ± 0.01 c |
Cd with 0.05 mM Fe3+ | 0.11 ± 0.02 f | 1.20 ± 0.09 c | 305 ± 13 b | 756 ± 27 a | 2.61 ± 0.13 c | 1.69 ± 1.67 e | 0.15 ± 0.01 g |
Cd with 0.5 mM Fe3+ | 0.36 ± 0.01 a | 1.94 ± 0.11 a | 117 ± 6 h | 388 ± 13 g | 3.70 ± 0.09 a | 2.50 ± 0.06 b | 0.35 ± 0.01 b |
Cd with 0.5 mM S | 0.13 ± 0.02 e | 1.30 ± 0.07 c | 328 ± 15 a | 744 ± 30 a | 2.76 ± 0.15 c | 1.77 ± 0.11 e | 0.16 ± 0.01 g |
Cd with 8 mM S | 0.24 ± 0.02 d | 1.60 ± 0.10 b | 256 ± 12 d | 637 ± 34 c | 3.11 ± 0.04 b | 2.09 ± 0.05 d | 0.24 ± 0.01 ef |
Cd with 2 mM K+ | 0.26 ± 0.02 c | 1.63 ± 0.07 b | 239 ± 10 de | 616 ± 32 cd | 3.03 ± 0.08 b | 2.15 ± 0.05 d | 0.23 ± 0.01 f |
Cd with 18 mM K+ | 0.34 ± 0.01 ab | 1.88 ± 0.07 a | 173 ± 10 g | 443 ± 17 f | 3.64 ± 0.05 a | 3.01 ± 0.04 a | 0.38 ± 0.01 a |
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Wang, S.; Dai, H.; Ji, D.; Cui, S.; Jiang, C.; Skuza, L.; Li, L.; Wei, S.; Zhang, L. Synergistic Effects of Exogenous Nutrient Ions on the Real-Time Cadmium Extraction by an Accumulator. Agriculture 2024, 14, 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14050742
Wang S, Dai H, Ji D, Cui S, Jiang C, Skuza L, Li L, Wei S, Zhang L. Synergistic Effects of Exogenous Nutrient Ions on the Real-Time Cadmium Extraction by an Accumulator. Agriculture. 2024; 14(5):742. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14050742
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Siqi, Huiping Dai, Dandan Ji, Shuang Cui, Chengzhi Jiang, Lidia Skuza, Lianzhen Li, Shuhe Wei, and Lijun Zhang. 2024. "Synergistic Effects of Exogenous Nutrient Ions on the Real-Time Cadmium Extraction by an Accumulator" Agriculture 14, no. 5: 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14050742