Animal Models for Human Diseases: Advances in Genome Editing

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Genomics and Genetic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2024 | Viewed by 661

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
Interests: CRISPR-Cas9; gene editing; mouse genetics; mouse models; mouse knockout; preclinical studies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Animal models of human diseases are essential for understanding disease mechanisms and developing new treatments. Animal models are often selected because of their similarity to humans in terms of genetics, anatomy, and physiology. They are also often preferable for experimental disease research because of their unlimited supply and ease of manipulation. Genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have revolutionized the creation of animal models by allowing for precise and efficient genetic modifications. This has enabled the development of new models of a wide range of human diseases, including genetic disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases.

Animal models generated using genome editing have several advantages over traditional models. First, they can be designed to recapitulate the genetic and phenotypic features of human diseases with greater accuracy. Second, they can be used to study the effects of genetic mutations on different tissues and organs. Third, they can be used to screen new drugs and therapies in a preclinical setting.

As genome editing technology continues to improve, we can expect to see even more sophisticated and informative models being developed. This will help us to better understand human diseases and develop new and more effective treatments.

This Special Issue will cover all aspects of modelling human diseases in various animal species via genome editing, present recent developments of novel transgenic tools and their applications and provide validation that such models can be successfully used in biomedical research.

Dr. Andrei Golovko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • genome editing
  • CRISPR-Cas9
  • disease models
  • genetic modifications
  • knockout
  • knock-in
  • indel
  • point mutation
  • phenotype

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

23 pages, 1460 KiB  
Review
Knockout Mouse Studies Show That Mitochondrial CLPP Peptidase and CLPX Unfoldase Act in Matrix Condensates near IMM, as Fast Stress Response in Protein Assemblies for Transcript Processing, Translation, and Heme Production
by Jana Key, Suzana Gispert and Georg Auburger
Genes 2024, 15(6), 694; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15060694 - 27 May 2024
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Abstract
LONP1 is the principal AAA+ unfoldase and bulk protease in the mitochondrial matrix, so its deletion causes embryonic lethality. The AAA+ unfoldase CLPX and the peptidase CLPP also act in the matrix, especially during stress periods, but their substrates are poorly defined. Mammalian [...] Read more.
LONP1 is the principal AAA+ unfoldase and bulk protease in the mitochondrial matrix, so its deletion causes embryonic lethality. The AAA+ unfoldase CLPX and the peptidase CLPP also act in the matrix, especially during stress periods, but their substrates are poorly defined. Mammalian CLPP deletion triggers infertility, deafness, growth retardation, and cGAS-STING-activated cytosolic innate immunity. CLPX mutations impair heme biosynthesis and heavy metal homeostasis. CLPP and CLPX are conserved from bacteria to humans, despite their secondary role in proteolysis. Based on recent proteomic–metabolomic evidence from knockout mice and patient cells, we propose that CLPP acts on phase-separated ribonucleoprotein granules and CLPX on multi-enzyme condensates as first-aid systems near the inner mitochondrial membrane. Trimming within assemblies, CLPP rescues stalled processes in mitoribosomes, mitochondrial RNA granules and nucleoids, and the D-foci-mediated degradation of toxic double-stranded mtRNA/mtDNA. Unfolding multi-enzyme condensates, CLPX maximizes PLP-dependent delta-transamination and rescues malformed nascent peptides. Overall, their actions occur in granules with multivalent or hydrophobic interactions, separated from the aqueous phase. Thus, the role of CLPXP in the matrix is compartment-selective, as other mitochondrial peptidases: MPPs at precursor import pores, m-AAA and i-AAA at either IMM face, PARL within the IMM, and OMA1/HTRA2 in the intermembrane space. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Models for Human Diseases: Advances in Genome Editing)
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