Structural Representation of Organometallics and Coordination Compounds and a Recommended Representation by Use of Dashed Lines

Abstract

By using broken lines to represent coordination interactions in organometallic and other coordinated compounds, we can draw structures satisfying the valencies of the atoms present. These broken lines should be used to replace many false single covalent bonds now used to depict organometallic and coordinated compounds. Chemical drawing software should not recognize such broken lines as single covalent bonds and they should be ignored. An example of confusing and erroneous structural representation of organometallics and coordination compounds is discussed.

Introduction

In recent papers [1], the original drawing of structure I depicts extended valencies at 6 atoms (four Sn and two O), as easily identified by most chemical drawing software packages (Figure 1). According to this structural diagram the unit formula would be 2 C₃₀H₄₉F₂N₄O₉Sn₂ (or 2× C₃₀H₄₉F₂N₄O₉Sn₂). However, according to the reaction scheme (see Scheme 1) given in the original papers [1], the formula of the starting material is C₁₅H₂₅FN₂O₅Sn, therefore the correct molecular formula for product I should be 2 C₃₀H₄₈F₂N₄O₉Sn₂ (or 2 × C₃₀H₄₈F₂N₄O₉Sn₂) [2].

Figure 1. Structure I as drawn in the original paper [1].

Figure 1. Structure I as drawn in the original paper [1].

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1.

This occurrence reminds us of the frequent observation of confusing, and, in not rare cases, erroneous chemical drawings in Organic Chemistry [3,4]. Moreover, in structural drawings of organometallics and complexes, one can often find even more frequent, confusing or erroneous cases. In this short paper I would like to recommend the proper use of dashed lines (or broken lines) in drawing molecular structures to avoid confusion and errors.

Results and Discussion

In a recent paper [3], we have proposed that various bonds (see Figure 2) commonly used for specification of absolute configuration, e.g. the two types of solid wedge and broken wedge representations most frequently seen in literature (a and b), can be replaced by only one kind of wedge, namely the solid wedge (c and d). Only one wedge should be used when representing a quadrivalent center (d). The three normal bonds are distributed on a cone opposite to the wedge. The flexibility, simplicity, unambiguity and usefulness for R-S specification of the one-wedge system are discussed, as well as its esthetic appeal [3].

Figure 2. One-wedge convention for stereochemical representations.

Figure 2. One-wedge convention for stereochemical representations.

One kind of wedge should also be enough for drawing organometalic compounds and complexes. Therefore, we can apply broken lines, broken bars, etc., for the representation of other kinds of interactions between atoms in complicated structural drawings.

Thus, the molecular structure of the product I in the aforementioned paper [1] should be more properly drawn as 1. Indeed, the structure registered in the MDPI database for the available sample of product I is 1 [5]. Consequently, the correct depiction of the structure of the dimer of 1 mentioned in the paper [1] should be 2. Its formula is 2 C₃₀H₄₈F₂N₄O₉Sn₂ (or 2 × C₃₀H₄₈F₂N₄O₉Sn₂).

In structure 2, the two single bonds in the original drawing are changed to double bonds (red) and the other four single bonds appear as broken lines. It will be misleading if the red double bonds were changed to single bonds. If the normal single bonds are used, then the two C (red) centers should have a positive charge:

Otherwise each of the two carbons (red C) will carry a hydrogen atom and the structure will be an anion with two negative charges (4). The formula will then be 2 [C₃₀H₄₉F₂N₄O₉Sn₂]⁻ or 2 × [C₃₀H₄₉F₂N₄O₉Sn₂]⁻.

Finally, in the same paper [1], the same corrections should be applied for another product described, namely compound II [6]. The plausible structure might be correctly given as 5 [7].

Conclusions

To summarize, broken lines should be used to replace the many false single covalent bonds now used to depict organometallic and coordination compounds. One example is shown in formula 2. Such broken lines should not be recognized as single covalent bonds by chemical drawing software and they should be ignored when the chemical valency is considered.