Next Article in Journal
Melbourne-RACI December Synthesis Symposium
Previous Article in Journal / Special Issue
Nucleophilic Benzoylation Using a Mandelic Acid Dioxolanone as a Synthetic Equivalent of the Benzoyl Carbanion. Oxidative Decarboxylation of α-Hydroxyacids
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

A Novel Strategy Towards the Asymmetric Synthesis of Orthogonally Funtionalised 2-N-Benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino- 5-carboxymethyl-cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid.

Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2004, 9(5), 373-382; https://doi.org/10.3390/90500373
Submission received: 15 March 2004 / Revised: 24 March 2004 / Accepted: 24 March 2004 / Published: 30 April 2004

Abstract

:
The asymmetric synthesis of the orthogonally funtionalised compounds tert‑butyl 2-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino-5-methoxycarbonylmethylcyclopentane-1-carboxylate and methyl 2-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino-5–carboxymethylcyclo-pentane-1-carboxylate by a domino reaction of tert-butyl methyl (E,E)-octa-2,6-diendioate with lithium N-α-methylbenzyl-N-benzylamide initiated by a Michael addition, subsequent 5-exo-trig intramolecular cyclisation and posterior selective hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid is reported.

Introduction

The asymmetric synthesis of polyfunctionalised cyclopentane derivatives has been widely pursued in organic synthesis, with much recent interest focusing around strategies for the asymmetric synthesis of cis-pentacin (1) and trans-pentacin (2), respectively. The cis-diastereoisomer shows potent antifungal activity while Fülop et al. have recently demonstrated that oligomers of cis-pentacin adopt a sheet type structure in DMSO [1]. Furthermore, Gellman et al. have demonstrated that short chain β-peptides derived from trans-pentacin adopt 12-membered helical structures [2,3,4,5] and when a pyrrolidine–base β-amino acid is incorporated into the hexa-β-peptide 3, it confers water solubility when the ring nitrogen is protonated [6,7]. In addition, oligomers composed of the 3-substituted trans-pentacin residues 4, 5 and 6 fold in water, which should facilitate the design of β-peptides for biological applications (Figure 1) [8].
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Molecules 09 00373 g001
We have recently demonstrated the asymmetric synthesis of the eight stereoisomers of 2‑amino-5-carboxymethyl-cyclopentane-1-carboxylate (I) using (E,E)-octa-2,6-diendioate as the only prochiral precursor [9], as shown in the retrosynthesis in Scheme 1. The set of trans-C(1)-C(2)-stereoisomeric β-amino diacids (II) are readily prepared via a diastereoselective tandem conjugate addition-cyclisation protocol with either R- or (S)-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamine [R- or (S)-7], hydrogenolysis and ester hydrolysis. The synthsis of the array of cis-C(1)-C(2)-stereoisomeric β-amino diacids utilises a protocol involving N‑oxidation and Cope elimination of the major diastereoisomeric product arising from conjugate addition and cyclisation (II), giving homochiral R- or (S)-5-carboxymethylcyclo-pentene-1-carboxylate derivatives (III). Conjugate addition of either lithium R- or (S)-7 and diastereoselective protonation with 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol, hydrogenolysis and ester hydrolysis, gives the cis-C(1)-C(2)-stereoisomeric β-amino diacids (IV). With the β-aminodiacids in hand the synthesis of the orthogonally protected aminodiester was envisaged in order to give further options when trying to link the monomer to build the β-peptide.
Scheme 1.
Scheme 1.
Molecules 09 00373 sch001

Results and Discussion

We have obtained dimethyl and di-(1-ethylpropyl)(E,E)-octa-2,6-diendioate on a multigram scale using the method published by Scheffer et al. [10]. Treatment of sebacic acid with thionyl chloride followed by bromine, while irradiating the entire apparatus with a 300-W sunlamp and then the addition of alcohol (methanol or 1-ethylpropanol) produces the appropriate dibromodiester, which yields the required diendioate upon refluxing with DMF. It was not possible to obtain the convenient di‑tert-butyl diester using this procedure and we used the methodology developed by Mestres et al. [11,12,13,14] (Scheme 2) to obtain diunsaturated dicarboxylic acids by oxidative coupling of the dianions of unsaturated carboxylic acids.
The oxidative coupling of the dianion derived from crotonic acid (8), as shown in Scheme 3, afforded a 70% yield of a 2:1 mixture of (E,E)-octa-2,6-diendioic and (E)-5-vinyl-hex-2-endioic acids (9 and 10) that could be easily separated by crystallization of 9 [13]. Methylation of these diacids using diazomethane or methanol in acid media is quantitative. The di-tert-butyldiester 13 is obtained (67% after CC) by reaction of diacid 10 with trifluoroacetic anhydride and tert-butanol, but under the same conditions diacid 9 afforded an easily separable mixture of di-tert-butyl ester 14 (42%) and monoester 15 (57%) which upon further treatment with diazomethane produced the orthogonally protected tert-butyl methyl (E,E)-octa-2,6-diendioate 16. Compound 14 has been used to synthesize the aforementioned β-aminocyclopentanoic acid [9] and 16 provided two differentiated Michael acceptors to be tested with the homochiral lithium amide.
Scheme 2.
Scheme 2.
Molecules 09 00373 sch002
Addition of tert-butyl methyl (E,E)-octa-2,6-diendioate 16 to homochiral lithium (S)- N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamine [(S)-7] gave a 90% yield of a 3:1 mixture of 17 and 18 (Scheme 3). The ratio was determined by integration of the respective methyl group signals of each compound observed at 3.44 and 3.62 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectra (vide infra). The absolute configuration of this compound was established by obtaining 19 ([α]D26 +50.5; lit. [9] –51.3 for the enantiomer) by reaction of the 17/18 mixture with trifluoroacetic acid and then diazomethane. Therefore both compounds have the same configuration, consistent with the asymmetric addition of the lithium amine and anti alkylation of the enolate produced. The only difference being the chemoselectivity observed due to the different alkyl group in each Michael acceptor, giving a favorable addition to the less bulky methyl.
Scheme 3.
Scheme 3.
Molecules 09 00373 sch003
The X-ray structure of 19 [9] shows the carbonyl on C-1 almost perpendicular to the ring plane, consequently very shielded by the adjacent groups at C-2 and C-5. So the 18/19 mixture could be easily resolved upon treatment with trifluoroacetic acid in a short period of time, as only the lateral tert-butyl ester at C-5 is hydrolyzed, giving rise to the straightforwardly separable unreacted diester 18 (21%) and the acid compound 20 (61%) from which 19 is obtained as well by methylation with diazomethane.
All the spectroscopic assignments of 20 and 19 have been unambiguously established by 1H-NMR techniques, including 2-dimensional homonuclear COSY, heteronuclear HMQC and HMBC (noteworthy signals are shown in Figure 2, each methyl group is clearly differentiated), nOe and ROESY experiments.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Molecules 09 00373 g002

Conclusions

Crotonic acid is an excellent starting material to obtain the orthogonally substituted tert-butyl, methyl (E,E)-octa-2,6-diendioate, which upon treatment with lithium N-α-methylbenzyl-N-benzylamine stereoselectively yields both methyl 2-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino-5-tert-butoxy-carbonylmethylcyclopentane-1-carboxylate and tert-butyl 2-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino-5-methoxycarbonylmethylcyclopentane-1-carboxylate in a 3:1 ratio, resulting from a domino reaction started by a chemoselective asymmetric Michael addition and subsequent 5-exo-trig intramolecular cyclization. A chemo- and stereoselective tert-butyl hydrolysis of the mixture of reaction with trifluoroacetic acid provides the easily separable unreacted diester 20 (21%) and the acid compound methyl 2-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino-5-carboxymethylcyclopentane-1-carboxylate (21) (61%).
Here we demonstrate an efficient strategy towards the synthesis of a cyclopentane β-aminodiester with three different orthogonal protecting groups on each functionality, which can then submitted to appropriate modifications for use in β-peptide synthesis. The extension of this strategy to the preparation of a range of different orthogonally substituted cyclopentane and cyclohexane derived β-amino acids is currently under investigation in our laboratory.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the CICYT, Junta de Castilla y Leon and F. S. E. for financial support (SA 036/01).

Experimental

General

1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded in CDCl3 at 200 and 400 MHz (1H) or 50 and 100 MHz (13C) on Varian 200 VX and BRUKER DRX 400 instruments, respectively. Multiplicities were determined by DEPT experiments. IR spectra were registered using a BOMEM 100 FTIR spectrophotometer. Optical rotations were determined using a Perkin-Elmer 241 polarimeter in a 1 dm cell and are given in units of 10-1 deg cm2 g-1. Concentrations are quoted in g per 100mL. The electron impact (EI) mass spectra were run on a VG-TS 250 spectrometer using a 70 eV ionising voltage. HRMS were recorded using a VG Platform (Fisons) spectrometer using Chemical Ionisation (ammonia as gas) or Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) techniques. Thin layer chromatography (tlc) was performed on aluminium sheets coated with 60 F254 silica. Sheets were visualised using iodine, UV light or 1% aqueous KMnO4 solution. Column chromatography (CC) was performed with Merck silica gel 60 (70-230 mesh). Solvents and reagents were generally distilled prior to use: THF from sodium benzophenone ketyl and dichloromethane (DCM) from KOH. Compounds 9-12 were prepared according to the published procedures [13,14].

Preparation of (E)-di-tert-butyl-5-vinylhex-2-enedioate (13).

The diacid 10 (208 mg, 1.22 mmol) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA, 1 mL) at 0 °C and the solution was stirred for 30 min. and then tert-BuOH (1 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 5 h, then water (10 mL) was added and the crude product extracted with Et2O. The combined organic extracts were washed with NaHCO3 5%, water and brine. After drying and concentration the residue was purified by chromatography (95:5 n-hexanol-EtOAc) to give 13 (231 mg, 67%); IR (film) ν (cm-1) 2980, 2934, 1728, 1657, 1460, 1360, 1258, 982, 849; 1H-NMR (200 MHz) 1.42-1.45 (18H, C(CH3)3), 2.39 (1H, ddd, J = 13.0, 6.5 y 6.5Hz, H-4A), 2.58 (1H, ddd, J = 13.0, 6.5 y 6.5Hz, H-4B), 3.10 (1H, c, J = 6.5Hz, H-5), 5.15 (2H, dd, J =15.5 y 2.0Hz, H-2'A), 5.19 (2H, dd, J =7.5 y 2.0Hz, H-2'B), 5.75 (1H, d, J= 16.0Hz, H-2), 5.80 (1H, ddd, J = 15.5, 7.5 y 6.5Hz, H-1'), 6.75(1H, dt, J = 16.0 y 6.5Hz, H-3); 13C‑NMR (50 MHz) 27.9 and 28.1(3CH3, C(CH3)3), 34.4 (CH2, C-4), 49.7 (CH, C-5), 80.0 (C, C(CH3)3), 81.0 (C, C(CH3)3), 117.3 (CH2, C-2'), 125.0 (CH, C-2), 135.3 (CH, C-1'), 143.7 (CH, C-3), 165.5 (C, C-1), 171.9 (C, C-6).

Preparation of di-tert-butyl (E,E)-octa-2,6-diendioate and tert-butyl and hydrogen (E,E)-octa-2,6-diendioates 14 and 15.

To the diacid 9 (593 mg, 3.5 mmol) at 0˚C was added TFAA (1.5 mL) and, after stirring for 30 min., tert-BuOH (1.5 mL) and the mixture was kept at room temperature for 5 h. The reaction product was partitioned between 10% NaHCO3 (70 mL) and EtOAc (3 x 40 mL). The organic extracts were washed with water and brine. After drying and concentration compound 14 (407 mg, 42%) was obtained. The NaHCO3 solution was treated with 6M HCl to pH = 2 and extracted with Et2O. The organic extracts were washed with water and brine to give, after drying and concentration, compound 15 (450 mg, 57%).
Compound 14: IR (film) ν (cm-1) 2980, 1723, 1655, 1559, 1368, 1329, 1142, 1028, 982; 1H‑NMR (200 MHz) 1.45 (18H, s, C(CH3)3), 2.45 (4H, m, H-4 y H-5), 5.75 (2H, d, J = 15.0Hz, H-2 y H-7), 6.8 (2H, dt, J = 15.6 y 6.6Hz, H-3 y H-6); 13C-NMR (50 MHz) 28.1 (6CH3, C(CH3)3), 30.3 (2CH2, C-4 and C-5), 80.0 (2C, C(CH3)3), 124.0 (2CH, C-2 y C-7), 149.9 (2CH, C-3 and C-6), 165.6 (2C, COOR).
Compound 15: IR (film) ν (cm-1) 3650, 1717, 1653, 1559, 1458, 1154; 1H-NMR (200 MHz) 1.49 (9H, s, C(CH3)3), 2.45(4H, m, H-4 y H-5), 5.80(2H, d, J = 15.0Hz, H-2 and H-7), 6.85(1H, dt, J = 15.6 and 6.6Hz H-6), 7.15(1H, dt, J = 15.6 y 6.6Hz, H-3); 13C-NMR (50 MHz) 28.1 (3CH3, C(CH3)3), 30.1 (CH2, C-5), 30.5 (CH2, C-4), 80.0 (C, C(CH3)3), 121.4 (CH, C-7), 124.2 (CH, C-2), 146.3 (CH, C-3), 149.6(CH, C-6), 165.6(C, C-8), 170.4(C, C-1).

Preparation of tert-butyl methyl (E,E)-octa-2,6-diendioate (16).

Compound 15 (12 mg, 0.053 mmol) was treated with a solution of gaseous CH2N2 in ether. The reaction product was concentrated in vacuo to give 16 (12 mg, 95%); IR (film) ν (cm-1) 2978, 1705, 1653, 1559, 1458, 1150; 1H-NMR (200 MHz) 1.47 (9H, s, C(CH3)3), 2.45 (4H, m, H-4 and H-5), 3.73 (3H, s, CH3), 5.61 (2H, d, J = 16.0Hz, H-2 and H-7), 6.88 (2H, dd, J = 16.0 y 6.5Hz, H-3 and H-6); 13C‑NMR (50 MHz) 28.0 (3CH3, C(CH3)3), 30.2 and 30.4 (CH2, C-4 and C-5), 51.2 (CH3, COOCH3), 80.1 (C, C(CH3)3), 121.8 and 124.1 (2CH, C-2 and C-7), 145.6 and 147.1 (2CH, C-3 and C-6), 165.6 and 166.6 (C, C-1 and C-8).

Preparation of methyl (1S,2S,5S,αS)-2-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino-5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-methylcyclopentane-1-carboxylate (17) and tert-butyl (1S,2S,5S,αS)-2-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzyl-amino-5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-cyclopentane-1-carboxylate (18).

n-BuLi (1.6 M, 0.50 mL, 0.80 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of (R)-N-benzyl-N-α-methyl-benzylamine (182 mg, 0.86 mmol) in THF (3 mL) at –78˚C and stirred for 30 minutes prior to the addition of a solution of 16 (122 mg, 0.50 mmol) in THF (0.5 mL) at –78˚C. After two hours, saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution was added and the resulting solution warmed to r.t., partitioned between DCM (3 x 50 mL) and brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo gave a 3:1 mixture of 17/18 (203 mg, 90%), as deduced by integration of the methyl ester signals in the 1H-NMR at 3.44 and 3.62 ppm respectively.

Preparation of methyl (1S,2S,5S,αS)-2-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino-5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-cyclopentane-1-carboxylate (19).

The 17/18 mixture (58 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in TFA (0.5 mL) and stirred for 2 hours at rt before concentration in vacuo to give 40 mg of product, which upon treatment with a solution of gaseous CH2N2 in ether gave 19 (49 mg, 95%) after concentration in vacuo (yield 72% after crystallization from 7:3 hexane-Et2O); [α]D26 +50.5 (c 1.21, CHCl3); m.p. 82-84 °C; C25H31NO4 requires C, 73,32; H. 7,63; N. 3,42; found: C, 73,45; H. 7,46; N. 3,59; IR (film) ν (cm-1) 2950, 1920, 1840, 1740, 1490, 1450; 1H-NMR (400 MHz) 1.31 (1H, m, H-4A), 1.29 (3H, d, J = 6.8, C(α)Me), 1.70-1.85 (2H, m, H-3), 1.95 (1H, m, H-4B), 2.21 (1H, dd, J = 12.0, 8.4, CHAHCO2Me), 2.29-2.39 (2H, m, H-5 and CHBHCO2Me), 2. 48 (1H, app t, J = 9.8, H-1), 3.43 (3H, s, CO2Me), 3.52 (1H, dt, J = 9.8, 5.0, H-2), 3.60 (3H, s, CO2Me), 3.68 (1H, AB, JAB = 12.4, NCHAHPh), 3.80 (1H, q, J = 6.8, C(α)H), 3.83 (1H, AB, JAB = 12.4, NCHAHBPh), 7.10-7.38 (8H, m, Ar-H), 7.48-7.52 (2H, m, Ar-H); 13C-NMR (100 MHz) 14.1 (CH3, C(α)Me), 26.5 (CH2, C-3), 30.9 (CH2, C-4), 38.1 (CH, C-5), 38.8 (CH2, CH2COOMe), 50.0 (CH2, NCH2), 50.0 (CH3, CO2Me), 51.4 ( CH3, CH2CO2Me), 55.3 (CH, C-1), 56.7 (CH, Cα), 63.5 (CH, C-2), 126.5, 126.8, 127.0, 127.8, 127.9, 128.2, 128.6, 128.8 (CH, Ar), 141.1 (C, CipsoCH2N), 144.2 (C, CipsoCα), 172.4 (C,CH2CO2Me), 174.6 (C, CO2Me); EIMS m/z (%) 409 (M+, 5), 394 (8), 250 (30), 146 (50), 105 (78), 91 (100), 77 (22); HRMS (EI) C25H32NO4 requires 410.2331; found 410.2329.

Preparation of methyl (1S,2S,5S,αS)-2-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino-5-carboxymethylcyclo-pentane-1-carboxylate (20).

The 18/19 mixture (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) was dissolved in TFA (0.2 mL) and stirred for 15 min. at 0°C. Then water (1 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine and dried over Na2SO4. Concentration followed by flash chromatography on silica gel (7:3 n-hexane-EtOAc: gave 18 (8.4 mg, 21%) and 20 (22 mg, 61%).
Compound 18: [α]D26 +37.0 (c 0.26, CHCl3); IR (film) ν (cm-1) 2967, 1734, 1653, 1373, 1148, 667.; 1H-NMR (400 MHz) 1.31 (1H, m, H-4A), 1.35 (3H, d, J = 6.9, C(α)Me), 1.39 (9H, s, C(CH3)3), 1.58 (1H, m, H-3A), 1.76 (1H, m, H-3B), 1.95 (1H, m, H-4B), 2.16 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 6.8, CHAHCO2Me), 2.29 (1H, m, H-5), 2.38 (1H, app t, J = 10.0, H-1), 2.43 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 3.0, CHBHCO2Me), 3.62 (3H, s, CO2Me), 3.63 (1H, m, H-2), 3.65 (1H, AB, JAB = 15.7, NCHAHPh), 3.75 (1H, AB, JAB = 15.7, NCHAHBPh),3.85 (1H, q, J = 6.9, C(α)H), 7.10-7.40 (8H, m, Ar-H), 7.45-7.50 (2H, m, Ar-H); 13C-NMR (100 MHz) 15.2 (CH3, C(α)Me), 26.3 (CH2, C-3), 28.1 (3CH3, C(CH3)3), 29.6 (CH2, C-4), 38.4 (CH, C-5), 38.6 (CH2, CH2COOMe), 49.9 (CH2, NCH2), 51.3 (CH3, CO2Me), 55.7 (CH, C-1), 57.6 (CH, Cα), 63.2 (CH, C-2), 80.0 (C, C(CH3)3), 126.5, 126.6, 127.5, 127.7, 127.8, 128.0, 128.1, 128.5 (CH, Ar), 141.6 (C, CipsoCH2N), 144.1 (C, CipsoCα), 172.6 (C,CH2CO2Me), 173.8 (C, CO2tBu); EIMS m/z (%) (M+, 2), 346 (8), 290 (12), 256 (13), 199 (100), 149 (13), 105 (42), 69 (48); HRMS (EI) C28H37O4N requires 451.2723; found 451.2720.
Compound 20: C24H29O4N requires C, 72,89; H. 7,39; N. 3,54; found: C, 72,97; H. 7,15; N. 3,65; IR (film) ν (cm-1) 3600-2600 (broad), 1738, 1710, 1495, 1454, 1373, 1283, 1157, 1028, 912; 1H-NMR (400 MHz,) 1.30 (3H, d, J = 6.9, C(α)Me), 1.35 (1H, m, H-4A), 1.68-1.78 (2H, m, H-3), 1.99 (1H, m, H-4B), 2.25 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 7.2, CHAHCO2H), 2.30 (1H, m, H-5), 2.43 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 3.0, CHBHCO2H), 2.50 (1H, app t, J = 10.0, H-1), 3.42 (3H, s, CO2Me), 3.55 (1H, q, J = 7.5, H-2), 3.70 (1H, AB, JAB = 15.7, NCHAHPh), 3.85 (1H, AB, JAB = 15.7, NCHAHBPh), 3.87 (1H, q, J = 6.9, C(α)H), 7.10-7.40 (8H, m, Ar-H), 7.45-7.50 (2H, m, Ar-H); 13C-NMR (100 MHz) 13.7 (CH3, C(α)Me), 26.2 (CH2, C-3), 30.9 (CH2, C-4), 37.7 (CH, C-5), 38.5 (CH2, CH2COOH), 49.8 (CH2, NCH2), 51.5 (CH3, CO2Me), 55.3 (CH, C-1), 56.4 (CH, Cα), 62.9 (CH, C-2), 80.0 (C, C(CH3)3), 126.4, 126.8, 127.7, 127.8, 128.2, 128.7 (CH, Ar), 140.9 (C, CipsoCH2N), 144.0 (C, CipsoCα), 174.7 (C, CO2Me), 177.0 (C, CO2H); EIMS m/z (%) 395(M+,2), 290(5), 251(5), 196(100), 149(9), 91(80), 69(15); HRMS (EI) C24H29O4N requires 395.2097; found 395.2125. In a separate experiment compound 19 (36 mg, 0.091 mmol) was treated with a solution of gaseous CH2N2 in ether. The reaction product was concentrated in vacuo to give 20 (36 mg, 96%).

Preparation of (1S,2S,5S,αS)-2-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino-5-methoxycarbonylmethylcyclo-pentane- 1-carboxylic acid (21).

The 18/19 mixture (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) was dissolved in TFA (1 mL) and stirred for 30 min. at rt. Water (2 mL) was then added and the mixture was extracted with DCM (3 x 40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine and dried over Na2SO4. Concentration followed by flash chromatography on silica gel (7:3 n-hexane-EtOAc) gave 18 (12 mg, 12%), 20 (29 mg, 45%) and an inseparable 1:1 mixture of 20/21 (13 mg, 22%), from which compound 21 could not be isolated, but its structure is proposed to be that of the title compound.

References

  1. Martinek, T.A.; Táth, G.K.; Vass, E.; Hollósi, M.; Fülop, F. cis-2-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid oligomers adopt a sheetlike structure: switch form helix to nonpolar strand. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2002, 41, 1718–1721. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
  2. Appella, D.H.; Christianson, L.A.; Klein, D.A.; Powell, D.R.; Huang, X.; Barchi, J.J.; Gellman, S.H. Residue-based control of helix shape in beta-peptide oligomers. Nature 1997, 387, 381–384. [Google Scholar]
  3. Appella, D.H.; Christianson, L.A.; Klein, D.A.; Richards, M.R.; Powell, D.R.; Gellman, S.H. Synthesis and structural characterization of helix-forming beta-peptides: trans-2-aminocyclo-pentanecarboxylic acid oligomers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 7574–7581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  4. Barchi, J.J., Jr.; Huang, X.; Appella, D.H.; Christianson, L.A.; Durell, S.R.; Gellman, S.H. Solution conformations of helix-forming beta-amino acid homooligomers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2711–2718. [Google Scholar]
  5. Cheng, R.P.; Gellman, S.H.; DeGrado, W.F. β-Peptides: From structure to function. Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 3219–3232, and references cited therein. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  6. Porter, E.A.; Wang, X.; Schmitt, M.A.; Gellman, S.H. Synthesis and 12-Helical Secondary Structure of β-Peptides Containing (2R,3R)-Aminoproline. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 3317–3319. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  7. Porter, E.A.; Wang, X.; Lee, H.S.; Wisblum, B.; Gellman, S.H. Non-haemolytic β-amino-acid oligomers. Nature 2000, 565–565. [Google Scholar]
  8. Woll, M.G.; Fisk, J.D.; LePlae, P.R.; Gellman, S.H. Stereoselective synthesis of 3-substituted 2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid derivatives and their incorporation into short 12-helical β-peptides that fold in water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 12447–12452. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  9. Urones, J.G.; Garrido, N.M.; Díez, D.; El Hammoumi, M.M.; Dominguez, S.H.; Casaseca, J.A.; Davies, S.G.; Smith, A.D. Asymmetric synthesis of the stereoisomers of 2-amino-5-carboxymethyl-cyclopentane-1-carboxylate. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2004, 2, 364–372. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  10. Scheffer, J.R.; Wostradowski, R.A. Solution Photochemistry. X. A study of the effects of double-bond geometry and of increasing double-bond separation on the photochemical reactions of acyclic nonconjugated dienes. J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 4317–4324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  11. Aurell, M.J.; Gil, S.; Mestres, R.; Parra, M.; Tortajada, A. Acerca del mecanismo radicalario del acoplamiento oxidativo de dianiones de ácidos carboxílicos. Competición entre sustitución nucleofílica y transferencia electrónica. An. Quim. 1994, 90, 457–466. [Google Scholar]
  12. Aurell, M.J.; Gil, S.; Parra, M.; Tortajada, A.; Mestres, R. Iodine oxidative coupling of diene and triene-diolates of unsaturated carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 1997–2004. [Google Scholar]
  13. Aurell, M.J.; Gil, S.; Tortajada, A.; Mestres, R. A facile synthesis of 2,6-octadienedioic and 2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenedioic acids by oxidative coupling of 2-butenoic or 2,4-hexadienoic acids. Synthesis 1990, 317–319. [Google Scholar]
  14. Aurell, M.J.; Gil, S.; Tortajada, A.; Mestres, R.; García-Raso, A. Silver ion oxidative coupling of diene and triene-diolates of unsaturated carboxylic acids. A facile synthesis of octa- and dodeca-dienedioic acids. Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29, 6181–6182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  • Sample Availability: Available from the authors.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Garrido, N.M.; El Hammoumi, M.M.; Díez, D.; García, M.; Urones, J.G. A Novel Strategy Towards the Asymmetric Synthesis of Orthogonally Funtionalised 2-N-Benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino- 5-carboxymethyl-cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid. Molecules 2004, 9, 373-382. https://doi.org/10.3390/90500373

AMA Style

Garrido NM, El Hammoumi MM, Díez D, García M, Urones JG. A Novel Strategy Towards the Asymmetric Synthesis of Orthogonally Funtionalised 2-N-Benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino- 5-carboxymethyl-cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid. Molecules. 2004; 9(5):373-382. https://doi.org/10.3390/90500373

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garrido, Narciso M., Mohamed M. El Hammoumi, David Díez, Mercedes García, and Julio G. Urones. 2004. "A Novel Strategy Towards the Asymmetric Synthesis of Orthogonally Funtionalised 2-N-Benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamino- 5-carboxymethyl-cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid." Molecules 9, no. 5: 373-382. https://doi.org/10.3390/90500373

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop