Enhanced Immunomodulatory Activity of Gelatin-Encapsulated Rubus coreanus Miquel Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characterization of Nanoparticles
2.1.1. Size and Morphology of Nanoparticles
2.1.2. Zeta Potential of Nanoparticles
2.1.3. Encapsulation Efficiency
2.2. Toxicity Assessment
2.2.1. In Vitro Cytotoxicity
2.2.2. In Vivo Toxicity
2.3. Immune Activities of Nanoparticles
2.3.1. Proliferation of B- and T-Cells
2.3.2. Secretion of Cytokines
2.3.3. Proliferation of Natural Killer Cells
2.3.4. Antibody Production in Vivo Using a Mouse Model
2.4. Penetration of Nanoparticles into the Immune Cells
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Preparation of Samples
3.2. Characterization of Nanoparticles
3.2.1. Transmission Electron Microscopy
3.2.2. Dynamic Light Scattering
3.2.3. Measurement of Zeta Potential and pH
3.2.4. Encapsulation Efficiency
3.3. Immune Activities of Nanoparticles
3.3.1. In Vitro Cytotoxicity
3.3.2. In Vivo Toxicity
3.3.3. Proliferation of B- and T-Cells and Secretion of Cytokines
3.3.4. NK Cell Proliferation
3.3.5. Antibody Production in Mice
3.4. Uptake of Nanoparticles by Immune Cells
3.5. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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Control (mg/dL) | GO1 (mg/dL) | GNR2 (mg/dL) | RO3 (mg/dL) | SO4 (mg/dL) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | |||||
Glucose | 192 | 227 | 208 | 218 | 191 |
HDL cholesterol | 49.0 | 51.0 | 72.5 | 54.5 | 47.2 |
LDL cholesterol | 58.6 | 55.8 | 45.4 | 52.0 | 59.4 |
Time (min) | A (%) | B (%) |
---|---|---|
0 | 2 | 98 |
30 | 15 | 85 |
60 | 50 | 50 |
70 | 98 | 2 |
75 | 2 | 98 |
80 | 2 | 98 |
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Seo, Y.C.; Choi, W.Y.; Lee, C.G.; Cha, S.W.; Kim, Y.O.; Kim, J.-C.; Drummen, G.P.C.; Lee, H.Y. Enhanced Immunomodulatory Activity of Gelatin-Encapsulated Rubus coreanus Miquel Nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 9031-9056. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12129031
Seo YC, Choi WY, Lee CG, Cha SW, Kim YO, Kim J-C, Drummen GPC, Lee HY. Enhanced Immunomodulatory Activity of Gelatin-Encapsulated Rubus coreanus Miquel Nanoparticles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2011; 12(12):9031-9056. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12129031
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeo, Yong Chang, Woon Yong Choi, Choon Geun Lee, Seon Woo Cha, Young Ock Kim, Jin-Chul Kim, Gregor P. C. Drummen, and Hyeon Yong Lee. 2011. "Enhanced Immunomodulatory Activity of Gelatin-Encapsulated Rubus coreanus Miquel Nanoparticles" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12, no. 12: 9031-9056. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12129031