Survey of Slaughtered Pigs for Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Porcine Nephropathy in Serbia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Occurrence, concentration and regional distribution of Ochratoxin A in tissues
2.1.1. Ochratoxin A in Serum
2.1.2. Ochratoxin A in Kidney
2.1.3. Ochratoxin A in Liver
2.2. Pathomorphology examination
2.2.1. Gross pathology
2.2.2. Histological examination
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Reagents
3.2. Sample collection
3.3. Extraction and clean-up for ochratoxin analyses
3.3.1. Extraction and clean-up for ochratoxin analyses from serum
3.3.2. Extraction and clean-up for ochratoxin analyses from kidney and liver
3.3.3. Chromatographic conditions (HPLC)
3.3.4. Confirmation of Ochratoxin A by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method (LC-MS/MS)
3.3.5. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric conditions
3.4. Statistical analysis
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Region | N | Serum (ng/mL)
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | X̄ ±Sd | C.V. | Range | ||
Vladimirci | 30 | 5 (16.5) | 0.1±90.57 | 2.96 | 0.33–2.56 |
Senta | 30 | 13 (43.3) | 2.33±6.91 | 2.96 | 0.24–35.7 |
Bogatić
| 30
| 10 (33.3)
| 8.58±40.25
| 4.69
| 0.22–221
|
Total | 90 | 28 (31.1) | 3.70±23.6 | 6.37 | 0.22–221 |
Kidneys (ng/g) | |||||
Vladimirci | 30 | 8 (26.6) | 0.42±1.2 | 2.96 | 0.18–6.5 |
Senta | 30 | 11 (36.6) | 1.14±3.3 | 2.89 | 0.17–17 |
Bogatić
| 30
| 11 (36.6)
| 2.2±9.54
| 4.33
| 0.26–52.5
|
Total | 90 | 30 (33.3) | 1.26±5.85 | 4.64 | 0.17–52.5 |
Liver (ng/g) | |||||
Vladimirci | 30 | 11 (36.6) | 0.48±0.75 | 1.55 | 0.32–2.2 |
Senta | 30 | 4 (13.3) | 0.84±2.95 | 3.51 | 0.56–14.5 |
Bogatić
| 30
| 9 (30)
| 0.56±1.17
| 2.09
| 0.22–5.46
|
Total | 90 | 24 (26.6) | 0.63±1.87 | 2.96 | 0.22–14.5 |
Region | N | Number of samples in the range
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum
| |||||
< LOD | 0.1b-1 | 1–5 | >5 | ||
Vladimirci | 30 | 25 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
Senta | 30 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 3 |
Bogatić
| 30
| 20
| 5
| 2
| 3
|
Total | 90 | 62 | 14 | 8 | 6 |
Kidneys | |||||
< LOD
| 0.01b–1
| 1–5
| >5
| ||
Vladimirci | 30 | 22 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
Senta | 30 | 19 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
Bogatić
| 30
| 19
| 5
| 4
| 1
|
Total | 90 | 60 | 15 | 10 | 5 |
Liver | |||||
< LOD
| 0.01b–1
| 1–5
| >5
| ||
Vladimirci | 30 | 19 | 5 | 6 | 0 |
Senta | 30 | 26 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Bogatić
| 30
| 21
| 2
| 6
| 1
|
Total | 90 | 66 | 8 | 14 | 2 |
Samples | Country | Incidence % | Mean ppb | Range ppb | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum | 6.7 | [28] | |||
Sweden | 18 | ||||
9.4 | [29] | ||||
Poland | 38 | [30] | |||
Germany | 48.7 | 5.8 | [3] | ||
France | 2 | up to 6 | [40] | ||
Romania | 98 | 2.43 | up to 13.4 | [25] | |
Bulgaria | 100 | 60.9 | [24] | ||
Canada | 36 | 14 | [32] | ||
Serbia
| 56.6
| 2.91
| 2.5–33
| [26]
| |
Kidney | Germany | 41.9 | 0.43 | [41] | |
Serbia
| 41.6
| 3.12
| [27]
| ||
Liver | Germany | 17 | 0.07 | [22] | |
Romania | 75 | 0.16 | [25] | ||
Serbia
| 46.6
| 2.88
| up to 19.5
| [27]
|
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Milićević, D.; Jurić, V.; Stefanović, S.; Jovanović, M.; Janković, S. Survey of Slaughtered Pigs for Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Porcine Nephropathy in Serbia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9, 2169-2183. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9112169
Milićević D, Jurić V, Stefanović S, Jovanović M, Janković S. Survey of Slaughtered Pigs for Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Porcine Nephropathy in Serbia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008; 9(11):2169-2183. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9112169
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilićević, Dragan, Verica Jurić, Srđan Stefanović, Milijan Jovanović, and Saša Janković. 2008. "Survey of Slaughtered Pigs for Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Porcine Nephropathy in Serbia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 9, no. 11: 2169-2183. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9112169