Next Issue
Volume 2, December
Previous Issue
Volume 2, June
 
 

Pharmaceutics, Volume 2, Issue 3 (September 2010) – 4 articles , Pages 275-320

  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
  • You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.
Order results
Result details
Section
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

1672 KiB  
Article
Effect of Moisture on Powder Flow Properties of Theophylline
by Niklas Sandler, Katharina Reiche, Jyrki Heinämäki and Jouko Yliruusi
Pharmaceutics 2010, 2(3), 275-290; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics2030275 - 02 Jul 2010
Cited by 57 | Viewed by 13391
Abstract
Powder flow is influenced by environmental factors, such as moisture and static electricity, as well as powder related factors, such as morphology, size, size distribution, density, and surface area. Pharmaceutical solids may be exposed to water during storage in an atmosphere containing water [...] Read more.
Powder flow is influenced by environmental factors, such as moisture and static electricity, as well as powder related factors, such as morphology, size, size distribution, density, and surface area. Pharmaceutical solids may be exposed to water during storage in an atmosphere containing water vapor, or in a dosage form consisting of materials (e.g., excipients) that contain water and are capable of transferring in to other ingredients. The effect of moisture on powder flowability depends on the amount of water and its distribution. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of humidity on the flow properties of theophylline using information derived from solid-state analysis of the systems investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Dosage Form Development)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

310 KiB  
Article
Expression of Drug-Resistant Factor Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy with Platinum Complex by Arterial Infusion
by Tomoya Sakurada, Masaharu Yoshikawa, Masahiko Sunaga, Eriko Kobayashi, Nobunori Satoh, Osamu Yokosuka and Shiro Ueda
Pharmaceutics 2010, 2(3), 300-312; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics2030300 - 09 Sep 2010
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6699
Abstract
This study investigated gene expression of drug resistance factors in biopsy tissue samples from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing chemotherapy by platinum complex. Liver biopsy was performed to collect tissue from the tumor site (T) and the non-tumor site (NT) prior to the [...] Read more.
This study investigated gene expression of drug resistance factors in biopsy tissue samples from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing chemotherapy by platinum complex. Liver biopsy was performed to collect tissue from the tumor site (T) and the non-tumor site (NT) prior to the start of treatment. For drug-resistant factors, drug excretion transporters cMOAT and MDR-1, intracellular metal binding protein MT2, DNA repair enzyme ERCC-l and inter-nucleic cell transport protein MVP, were investigated. The comparison of the expression between T and NT indicated a significant decrease of MT2 and MDR-1 in T while a significant increase in ERCC-1 was noted in T. Further, expression was compared between the response cases and non-response cases using the ratios of expression in T to those in NT. The response rate was significantly low in the high expression group when the cutoff value of cMOAT and MT2 was set at 1.5 and 1.0, respectively. Furthermore, when the patients were classified into A group (cMOAT ≧ 1.5 or MT2 ≧ 1.0) and B group (cMOAT < 1.5 and MT2 < 1.0), the response rate of A group was significantly lower than B group when we combined the cutoff values of cMOAT and MT2. It is considered possible to estimate the therapeutic effect of platinum complex at a high probability by combining the expression condition of these two genes. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

232 KiB  
Article
Impact of Oral Fast Release Amantadine on Movement Performance in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
by Siegfried Muhlack, Patricia Müsch, Sandra Konietzka, Dirk Woitalla, Horst Przuntek and Thomas Müller
Pharmaceutics 2010, 2(3), 313-320; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics2030313 - 20 Sep 2010
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7015
Abstract
Application of oral fast release amantadine and levodopa may induce an improvement of motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The objective of this trial was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a fast release amantadine sulfate formulation on simple and complex [...] Read more.
Application of oral fast release amantadine and levodopa may induce an improvement of motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The objective of this trial was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a fast release amantadine sulfate formulation on simple and complex movement performance and putative relations to the pharmacokinetic behavior in PD patients. We challenged two cohorts of 12 PD patients, who were taken off their regular antiparkinsonian treatment for at least 12 hours, with oral 300 mg amantadine sulfate. We scored motor symptoms and performed instrumental tasks, which ask for performance of simple or complex motion series under cued conditions. Motor symptoms and performance of complex movements significantly improved in contrast to the carrying-out of simple motions. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid antagonistic and dopaminomimetic amantadine also influences altered higher predominant prefrontal cognitive functions. Therefore, performance of complex motion series improved, whereas carrying-out of simple repetitive movements is more associated to the striatal dopamine dependent basal ganglia function. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

60 KiB  
Review
Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenomic Differences between Adults and Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
by Kwaku Marfo, Jerry Altshuler and Amy Lu
Pharmaceutics 2010, 2(3), 291-299; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics2030291 - 09 Sep 2010
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 8800
Abstract
Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant that has seen considerable use in both adult and pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. Though there is much pharmacokinetic data available for tacrolimus in the adult population, the literature available for children is limited. Furthermore, very little [...] Read more.
Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant that has seen considerable use in both adult and pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. Though there is much pharmacokinetic data available for tacrolimus in the adult population, the literature available for children is limited. Furthermore, very little is known about the pharmacogenomic differences in the two patient groups. Based on what information is currently available, clinically significant differences may exist between the two populations in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. In addition, inherent physiological differences exist in the young child including: less effective plasma binding proteins, altered expression of intestinal P-glycoprotein, and increased expression of phase 1 metabolizing enzymes, therefore one would expect to see clinically significant differences when administering tacrolimus to a child. This paper examines available literature in an attempt to summarize the potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic variability that exists between the two populations. Full article
Previous Issue
Next Issue
Back to TopTop