Orally Delivered Scorpion Antimicrobial Peptides Exhibit Activity against Pea Aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Its Bacterial Symbionts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of AMP Treatments on Aphid Survival
2.2. Effect of AMP Treatments on Aphid Reproduction
2.3. Effect of AMPs on Bacterial Growth In Vitro
2.4. qPCR-Based Quantification of Bacterial Symbionts in Treated Aphids
2.5. Localization of Bacterial Symbionts in A. pisum by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Antimicrobial Peptides
4.2. Aphids and the Detection of Bacterial Symbionts
4.3. Aphid Feeding with AMPs
4.4. In Vitro Activity of Scorpion and Insect AMPs against Serratia Symbiotica CWBI-2.3
4.5. Relative Quantification of Bacterial Symbionts In Vivo
4.6. Localization of Bacterial Symbionts In Vivo by FISH
4.7. Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Concentration (µg/mL) | % Survival | Significance ˄ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Insecticide | Imidacloprid | 5 | 0 | **** |
Antibiotic | Rifampicin | 50 | 92.5 | ns |
Scorpion AMPs | UyCT1 | 50 | 96 | ns |
250 | 76 | ns | ||
500 | 28.6 | **** | ||
UyCT3 | 50 | 70 | * | |
250 | 52.5 | **** | ||
500 | 35 | **** | ||
UyCT5 | 50 | 68 | ** | |
250 | 27.5 | **** | ||
500 | 10 | **** | ||
Uy17 | 50 | 75 | ns | |
250 | 4 | **** | ||
500 | 0 | **** | ||
Uy192 | 50 | 82 | ns | |
250 | 57.5 | **** | ||
500 | 12 | **** | ||
Uy234 | 50 | 85 | ns | |
250 | 0 | **** | ||
500 | 20 | **** | ||
Um4 | 50 | 85 | ns | |
250 | 90 | ns | ||
500 | 55 | **** | ||
D3 | 50 | 72.5 | * | |
250 | 72.5 | * | ||
500 | 32.5 | **** | ||
D5 | 50 | 83.7 | ns | |
250 | 42.5 | **** | ||
500 | 22 | **** | ||
D10 | 50 | 86 | ns | |
250 | 0 | **** | ||
500 | 0 | **** | ||
D11 | 50 | 86.7 | ns | |
250 | 57.1 | ** | ||
500 | 64 | ** | ||
Insect AMPs | Apidaecin | 50 | 100 | ns |
250 | 90 | |||
500 | 83.3 | |||
Cecropin A | 50 | 80 | ||
250 | 83.3 | |||
500 | 85 | |||
Stomoxyn | 50 | 68 | ||
250 | 68 | |||
500 | 75 |
Compounds | MIC (In Vitro) (µg/mL) | |
---|---|---|
Scorpion AMPs | UyCT1 | 125 |
UyCT3 | 125 | |
UyCT5 | 125 | |
Uy17 | 250 | |
Uy192 | 500 | |
Uy234 | >500 | |
Um4 | >500 | |
D3 | 250 | |
D5 | 500 | |
D10 | >500 | |
D11 | >500 | |
Insect AMPs | Apidaecin | >500 |
Cecropin A | >500 | |
Stomoxyn | >500 | |
Antibiotics | Rifampicin | 50 |
Compounds | Sequence or Chemical Formula | |
---|---|---|
Scorpion AMPs | UyCT1 | GFWGKLWEGVKNAI |
UyCT3 | ILSAIWSGIKSLF | |
UyCT5 | IWSAIWSGIKGLL | |
Uy17 | ILSAIWSGIKGLL | |
Uy192 | FLSTIWNGIKGLL | |
Uy234 | FPFLLSLIPSAISAIKRL | |
Um4 | FFSALLSGIKSLF | |
D3 | LWGKLWEGVKSLI | |
D5 | GFWGKLLEGVKKAI | |
D10 | FPFLKLSLKIPKSAIKSAIKRL | |
D11 | GFWGKLWEGVKNAIKKK | |
Insect AMPs | Apidaecin | GNRPVYIPPPRPPHPRL |
Cecropin A | KWKL FKKIEKVGQN IRDGIIKAGPAVAVVGQATQIA | |
Stomoxyn | RGFRKH FNKLVKKVKH TISETAHVAKDTAVIAGSGA AVVAAT | |
Antibiotic | Rifampicin | C43H58N4O12 (CAS number 13292-46-1) |
Insecticide | Imidacloprid | C9H10ClN5O2 (CAS number 138261-41-3) |
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Luna-Ramirez, K.; Skaljac, M.; Grotmann, J.; Kirfel, P.; Vilcinskas, A. Orally Delivered Scorpion Antimicrobial Peptides Exhibit Activity against Pea Aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Its Bacterial Symbionts. Toxins 2017, 9, 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9090261
Luna-Ramirez K, Skaljac M, Grotmann J, Kirfel P, Vilcinskas A. Orally Delivered Scorpion Antimicrobial Peptides Exhibit Activity against Pea Aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Its Bacterial Symbionts. Toxins. 2017; 9(9):261. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9090261
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuna-Ramirez, Karen, Marisa Skaljac, Jens Grotmann, Phillipp Kirfel, and Andreas Vilcinskas. 2017. "Orally Delivered Scorpion Antimicrobial Peptides Exhibit Activity against Pea Aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Its Bacterial Symbionts" Toxins 9, no. 9: 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9090261