Ru-(Mn-M)OX Solid Base Catalysts for the Upgrading of Xylitol to Glycols in Water
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Catalyst Characterization
2.2. Hydrogenolysis of Xylitol
2.3. Influence of Operating Conditions
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Catalysts Preparation
3.3. Catalysts Characterization
3.4. Catalytic Testing
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Entry | Catalysts | Nominal Loading [wt %] | Experimental Loading 1 [wt %] | Δ 2 [%] | SBET 3 [m2 g−1] | Crystallite Size of Ru 4 [nm] | Total Number of Sites [µmol g−1] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ru | Mn | M | Ru | Mn | M | Basic 5 | Acid 6 | |||||
1 | Ru/(Mn-Al)OX | 3 | 56 | 13 | n.m. | 66.5 | 0.5 | 97 | 13 | 6 | 28 (2.2) | 18 (1.3) |
2 | Ru-(Mn-Al)OX | 3 | 70 | 4 | n.m. | 68.4 | 1.4 | 60 | 26 | 29 | 44 (1.7) | 49 (1.8) |
3 | Ru-(Mn-Ti)OX | 3 | 64 | 11 | n.m. | 55.9 | 7.6 | 32 | 47 | 29 | 127 (2.7) | 66 (1.4) |
4 | Ru-(Mn-Zr)OX | 3 | 60 | 15 | n.m. | 56.7 | 10.0 | 29 | 61 | 27 | 123 (2.0) | 81 (1.3) |
5 | Ru-(Mn-Zn)OX | 3 | 60 | 15 | n.m. | 54.7 | 13.4 | 10 | 37 | 13 | 123 (3.3) | 83 (2.2) |
Catalyst | Activity [h−1] | Carbon Selectivity 2 [%] | CBT 4 [%] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EG | PG | GLY | LA | C4 Products 3 | C5 Alditols | Gas Phase Products | |||
Ru/(Mn-Al)OX | 111 | 12 | 17 | 8 | 4 | 11 | 6 | 32 | 90 |
Ru-(Mn-Al)OX | 57 | 21 | 28 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 20 | 87 |
Ru-(Mn-Zr)OX | 33 | 21 | 29 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 23 | 92 |
Ru-(Mn-Ti)OX | 33 | 22 | 29 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 26 | 99 |
Ru-(Mn-Zn)OX | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Run | Activity [h−1] | Carbon Selectivity 2 [%] | CBT 4 [%] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EG | PG | GLY | LA | C4 Products 3 | C5 Alditols | Gas Phase Products | |||
1 | 26 | 20 | 25 | 12 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 10 | 85 |
2 | 17 | 16 | 24 | 10 | 1 | 12 | 5 | 15 | 83 |
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Rivière, M.; Perret, N.; Delcroix, D.; Cabiac, A.; Pinel, C.; Besson, M. Ru-(Mn-M)OX Solid Base Catalysts for the Upgrading of Xylitol to Glycols in Water. Catalysts 2018, 8, 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8080331
Rivière M, Perret N, Delcroix D, Cabiac A, Pinel C, Besson M. Ru-(Mn-M)OX Solid Base Catalysts for the Upgrading of Xylitol to Glycols in Water. Catalysts. 2018; 8(8):331. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8080331
Chicago/Turabian StyleRivière, Maxime, Noémie Perret, Damien Delcroix, Amandine Cabiac, Catherine Pinel, and Michèle Besson. 2018. "Ru-(Mn-M)OX Solid Base Catalysts for the Upgrading of Xylitol to Glycols in Water" Catalysts 8, no. 8: 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8080331