Biomolecules 2013, 3(1), 124-142; doi:10.3390/biom3010124
Regulation of Mammalian Gene Dosage by Long Noncoding RNAs
RNA biology program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 21 December 2012 / Revised: 23 January 2013 / Accepted: 25 January 2013 / Published: 4 February 2013
Abstract
Recent transcriptome studies suggest that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key components of the mammalian genome, and their study has become a new frontier in biomedical research. In fact, lncRNAs in the mammalian genome were identified and studied at particular epigenetic loci, including imprinted loci and X-chromosome inactivation center, at least two decades ago—long before development of high throughput sequencing technology. Since then, researchers have found that lncRNAs play essential roles in various biological processes, mostly during development. Since much of our understanding of lncRNAs originates from our knowledge of these well-established lncRNAs, in this review we will focus on lncRNAs from the X-chromosome inactivation center and the Dlk1-Dio3 imprinted cluster as examples of lncRNA mechanisms functioning in the epigenetic regulation of mammalian genes.Keywords:
epigenetics; lncRNA; genomic imprinting; X-inactivation; Gtl2; Xist
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Hung, K.-H.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, J.C. Regulation of Mammalian Gene Dosage by Long Noncoding RNAs. Biomolecules 2013, 3, 124-142.
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