Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks

226 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Key Management in Wireless Sensor Networks

by Ismail Mansour, Gérard Chalhoub and Pascal Lafourcade

J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2015, 4(3), 251-273; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan4030251 - 07 Sep 2015

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7807

Wireless sensor networks are a challenging field of research when it comes to security issues. Using low cost sensor nodes with limited resources makes it difficult for cryptographic algorithms to function without impacting energy consumption and latency. In this paper, we focus on [...] Read more.

Wireless sensor networks are a challenging field of research when it comes to security issues. Using low cost sensor nodes with limited resources makes it difficult for cryptographic algorithms to function without impacting energy consumption and latency. In this paper, we focus on key management issues in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. These networks are easy to attack due to the open nature of the wireless medium. Intruders could try to penetrate the network, capture nodes or take control over particular nodes. In this context, it is important to revoke and renew keys that might be learned by malicious nodes. We propose several secure protocols for key revocation and key renewal based on symmetric encryption and elliptic curve cryptography. All protocols are secure, but have different security levels. Each proposed protocol is formally proven and analyzed using Scyther, an automatic verification tool for cryptographic protocols. For efficiency comparison sake, we implemented all protocols on real testbeds using TelosB motes and discussed their performances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security Issues in Sensor Networks)

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777 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Hop-Enabled Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

by Khaja Shazzad, Kemal Tepe and Esam Abdel-Raheem

J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2015, 4(3), 226-250; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan4030226 - 02 Sep 2015

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6980

Abstract

In multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs), packet collisions due to hidden and local nodes adversely affect throughput, energy efficiency and end-to-end delay. Existing medium access control (MAC) protocols try to solve the problem by utilizing a single-phase contention resolution mechanism, which causes [...] Read more.

In multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs), packet collisions due to hidden and local nodes adversely affect throughput, energy efficiency and end-to-end delay. Existing medium access control (MAC) protocols try to solve the problem by utilizing a single-phase contention resolution mechanism, which causes a large number of control packet exchanges and energy overhead. In this paper, we introduce a MAC protocol that splits this single-phase contention resolution mechanism into two phases to provide efficient multi-hop networking. In the first phase, local nodes are eliminated from the contention, and in the later phase, the adverse effects of hidden nodes are mitigated. This two-phased contention resolution provides higher energy efficiency, better throughput and shorter end-to-end delay, and it also enables adaptability for different network architectures. A probabilistic model of the proposed protocol is also developed to analyse the performance. The proposed protocol has been evaluated through quantitative analysis and simulation. Results obtained through quantitative analysis and simulation reveal that the proposed protocol achieves significantly better energy efficiency, higher and more stable throughput and lower end-to-end delay compared to existing protocols, namely T-Lohi and slotted floor acquisition multiple access (S-FAMA). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Sensor Networks)

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703 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dense Clustered Multi-Channel Wireless Sensor Cloud

by Sivaramakrishnan Sivakumar and Adnan Al-Anbuky

J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2015, 4(3), 208-225; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan4030208 - 06 Aug 2015

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6646

Abstract

Dense Wireless Sensor Network Clouds have an inherent issue of latency and packet drops with regards to data collection. Though there is extensive literature that tries to address these issues through either scheduling, channel contention or a combination of the two, the problem [...] Read more.

Dense Wireless Sensor Network Clouds have an inherent issue of latency and packet drops with regards to data collection. Though there is extensive literature that tries to address these issues through either scheduling, channel contention or a combination of the two, the problem still largely exists. In this paper, a Clustered Multi-Channel Scheduling Protocol (CMSP) is designed that creates a Voronoi partition of a dense network. Each partition is assigned a channel, and a scheduling scheme is adopted to collect data within the Voronoi partitions. This scheme collects data from the partitions concurrently and then passes it to the base station. CMSP is compared using simulation with other multi-channel protocols like Tree-based Multi-Channel, Multi-Channel MAC and Multi-frequency Media Access Control for wireless sensor networks. Results indicate CMSP has higher throughput and data delivery ratio at a lower power consumption due to network partitioning and hierarchical scheduling that minimizes load on the network. Full article

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834 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Long-Range Directional Wake-Up Radio for Wireless Mobile Networks

by Wen-Chan Shih, Raja Jurdak, David Abbott, Pai H. Chou and Wen-Tsuen Chen

J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2015, 4(3), 189-207; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan4030189 - 03 Aug 2015

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7562

Abstract

This paper describes a long-range directional wake-up radio (LDWuR) for wireless mobile networks. In contrast to most wake-up radios (WuR) to date, which are short range, ours is applicable to long-range deployments. Existing studies achieve long distance by using modulation and coding schemes [...] Read more.

This paper describes a long-range directional wake-up radio (LDWuR) for wireless mobile networks. In contrast to most wake-up radios (WuR) to date, which are short range, ours is applicable to long-range deployments. Existing studies achieve long distance by using modulation and coding schemes or by directional antennas, though the latter require exploring the direction of the transmitter. To address this issue, our LDWuR adopts both static and dynamic antennas, where the static ones are directional, while the dynamic ones are omnidirectional for beamforming. We present our LDWuR prototype and design principle. Simulation results show that our LDWuR and event-driven MAC protocol suppress the idle-listening of Wi-Fi stations in a wireless network, thereby enhancing the Wi-Fi power savings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Directional Antenna Enhanced Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks)

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1049 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Context-Aware Local Optimization of Sensor Network Deployment

by Meysam Argany, Mir Abolfazl Mostafavi and Christian Gagné

J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2015, 4(3), 160-188; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan4030160 - 23 Jul 2015

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7931

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks are increasingly used for tracking and monitoring dynamic phenomena in urban and natural areas. Spatial coverage is an important issue in sensor networks in order to fulfill the needs of sensing applications. Optimization methods are widely used to efficiently distribute [...] Read more.

Wireless sensor networks are increasingly used for tracking and monitoring dynamic phenomena in urban and natural areas. Spatial coverage is an important issue in sensor networks in order to fulfill the needs of sensing applications. Optimization methods are widely used to efficiently distribute sensor nodes in the network to achieve a desired level of coverage. Most of the existing algorithms do not consider the characteristics of the real environment in the optimization process. In this paper, we propose the integration of contextual information in optimization algorithms to improve sensor network coverage. First, we investigate the implication of contextual information in sensor networks. Then, a conceptual framework for local context-aware sensor network deployment optimization method is introduced and related algorithms are presented in detail. Finally, several experiments are carried out to evaluate the validity of the proposed method. The results obtained from these experiments show the effectiveness of our approach in different contextual situations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Wireless Sensor Networks)

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374 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Radio/Antenna Mounting System for Wireless Networking under Row-Crop Agriculture Conditions

by Daniel K. Fisher

J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2015, 4(3), 154-159; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan4030154 - 01 Jul 2015

Viewed by 6923

Abstract

Interest in and deployment of wireless monitoring systems is increasing in many diverse environments, including row-crop agricultural fields. While many studies have been undertaken to evaluate various aspects of wireless monitoring and networking, such as electronic hardware components, data-collection procedures, power management, and [...] Read more.

Interest in and deployment of wireless monitoring systems is increasing in many diverse environments, including row-crop agricultural fields. While many studies have been undertaken to evaluate various aspects of wireless monitoring and networking, such as electronic hardware components, data-collection procedures, power management, and communication protocols, little information related to physical deployment issues has been reported. To achieve acceptable wireless transmission capability, the radio/antenna must be positioned properly relative to the ground surface or crop canopy to minimize degradation of the radio signal, usually requiring the mounting of the radio/antenna above the canopy. This results in the presence of obstacles to normal agricultural equipment traffic and production operations and potential damage to the wireless monitoring system. A simple and rugged radio/antenna mounting system was designed which could be subjected to encounters with agricultural equipment without suffering physical damage. The mounting system was deployed and tested, and operated successfully following repeated encounters with various agricultural machines and implements. The radio/antenna mount is simple and inexpensive to fabricate using locally available components. Full article

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J. Sens. Actuator Netw., Volume 4, Issue 3 (September 2015) – 6 articles , Pages 154-273

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