Heat and Frost Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Crops: From Gene to Canopy

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Breeding and Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 February 2019) | Viewed by 7618

Special Issue Editor

Department of Crop Sciences, Division Agronomy / Crop Science, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
Interests: climate change; extreme events; crop modelling; up scaling; cereals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intensity and frequency of extreme events, such as heat and frost, largely increases under climate change conditions, which can substantially influence crop growth and development. An outsized effort has been invested in recognition of crop tolerance mechanisms to extreme events from the gene to plant level. However, little is known about associations between tolerance mechanisms and crop yield from gene to canopy level. Employing process base crop growth models would provide comprehensive overviews on linkages between stress tolerance mechanisms at gene level and a complex trait such as yield at canopy level.

The current Special Issue will highlight “Heat and Frost Tolerance Mechanisms”. We welcome original research, reviews and opinions covering related subjects, inclusive of the introduction of new tolerance mechanisms, the development of new modelling routines, comparing the performance of tolerance mechanisms under extreme conditions, similarities and differences between tolerance mechanisms to heat and frost stress, and the development of stress tolerance ideotypes.

Dr. Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Extreme events
  • Scaling
  • Crop model development
  • Heat
  • Freezing
  • Tolorance mechinsms
  • Ideotypes

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5654 KiB  
Article
An Automated Plot Heater for Field Frost Research in Cereals
by Bonny M. Stutsel, John Nikolaus Callow, Ken Flower, Thomas Ben Biddulph, Ben Cohen and Brenton Leske
Agronomy 2019, 9(2), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020096 - 19 Feb 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3911
Abstract
Frost research to improve genetics or management solutions requires a robust experimental design that minimizes the effects of all other variables that can cause plant damage except for the treatment (frost). Controlled environment facilities cannot faithfully replicate field radiative frost processes, but field [...] Read more.
Frost research to improve genetics or management solutions requires a robust experimental design that minimizes the effects of all other variables that can cause plant damage except for the treatment (frost). Controlled environment facilities cannot faithfully replicate field radiative frost processes, but field studies are limited by the reliability of field methods to exclude frost. An effective field frost exclusion method needs to prevent frost damage while not impacting growing microclimate or yield, and be automatic, modular, mobile, and affordable. In this study, we designed an effective prototype treatment with these features for field frost research that uses diesel heating. The effectiveness of the plot heater to provide an unfrosted control is evaluated by monitoring canopy temperature (CT) and air temperature during frost events, showing that these remain above zero in the heated plots when ambient temperature drops below zero. We find that the plot heater method can prevent potential frost damage at the plot-scale, while not appearing to have an impact on either plant development or yield components. This offers a potential new tool for frost field crop researchers to incorporate a plot-scale control into their experimental design. Full article
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18 pages, 5493 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Evaluation for Cold Tolerance in Wucai (Brassica campestris L.) by the Performance Index on an Absorption Basis (PIabs)
by Yun Dai, Lingyun Yuan, Shujiang Zhang, Jie Wang, Shilei Xie, Mengru Zhao, Guohu Chen, Rifei Sun and Chenggang Wang
Agronomy 2019, 9(2), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020061 - 30 Jan 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3220
Abstract
Wucai is a biannual leafy vegetable that is more sensitive to cold than most Brassicaceae vegetables. Here, phenotypic differences in wucai were investigated to identify those genotypes with high cold tolerance at low temperature, which could allow their cultivation in cold climates. In [...] Read more.
Wucai is a biannual leafy vegetable that is more sensitive to cold than most Brassicaceae vegetables. Here, phenotypic differences in wucai were investigated to identify those genotypes with high cold tolerance at low temperature, which could allow their cultivation in cold climates. In all, on the basis of PIabs, 20 wucai genotypes (10 lower PIabs and 10 higher PIabs) were selected from a collection of 124 genotypes. Both W16-13 and SW-3 (higher PIabs) and the LS-6 and W15-16 (lower PIabs) were screened from the 20 wucai genotypes according to several key plant physiological traits: net photosynthetic rate, electrolyte leakage, chilling injury index, specific leaf area, malondialdehyde contents, and PIabs. To further verify the reliability of PIabs, four genotypes were grown under low temperature gradient conditions and their morphological indexes, chlorophyll content, total antioxidant capacity, fluorescence transients (OJIP transients), leaf cell ultrastructure, and gene expression were measured. These indicators strongly demonstrated that the W16-13 and SW-3, which had higher PIabs, possessed higher resistance to cold stress, while both LS-6 and W15-16 were sensitive to cold. As this study shows, the easily measured performance index, PIabs, could be applied to wucai genotypes to screen for one or more varieties characterized by higher cold tolerance. Full article
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