Research

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265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resistance to Wheat Curl Mite in Arthropod-Resistant Rye-Wheat Translocation Lines

by Lina Maria Aguirre-Rojas, Luaay Kahtan Khalaf, Sandra Garcés-Carrera, Deepak K. Sinha, Wen-Po Chuang and C. Michael Smith

Agronomy 2017, 7(4), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7040074 - 15 Nov 2017

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4400

Abstract

The wheat curl mite, Aceria toschiella (Keifer), and a complex of viruses vectored by A. toschiella substantially reduce wheat yields in every wheat-producing continent in the world. The development of A. toschiella-resistant wheat cultivars is a proven economically and ecologically viable method [...] Read more.

The wheat curl mite, Aceria toschiella (Keifer), and a complex of viruses vectored by A. toschiella substantially reduce wheat yields in every wheat-producing continent in the world. The development of A. toschiella-resistant wheat cultivars is a proven economically and ecologically viable method of controlling this pest. This study assessed A. toschiella resistance in wheat genotypes containing the H13, H21, H25, H26, H18 and Hdic genes for resistance to the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) and in 94M370 wheat, which contains the Dn7 gene for resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov). A. toschiella populations produced on plants containing Dn7 and H21 were significantly lower than those on plants of the susceptible control and no different than those on the resistant control. Dn7 resistance to D. noxia and H21 resistance to M. destructor resulted from translocations of chromatin from rye into wheat (H21—2BS/2RL, Dn7—1BL/1RS). These results provide new wheat pest management information, indicating that Dn7 and H21 constitute resources that can be used to reduce yield losses caused by A. toschiella, M. destructor, D. noxia, and wheat streak mosaic virus infection by transferring multi-pest resistance to single sources of germplasm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Resistance for the Protection of Cereal Crops from Insect Pests)

1711 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Geographic and Research Center Origins of Rice Resistance to Asian Planthoppers and Leafhoppers: Implications for Rice Breeding and Gene Deployment

by Finbarr G. Horgan, Thanga Suja Srinivasan, Jagadish S. Bentur, Ram Kumar, K. Vasanta Bhanu, Preetinder Singh Sarao, Ho Van Chien, Maria Liberty P. Almazan, Carmencita C. Bernal, Angelee Fame Ramal, Jedeliza B. Ferrater and Shou-Horng Huang

Agronomy 2017, 7(4), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7040062 - 21 Sep 2017

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6071

Abstract

This study examines aspects of virulence to resistant rice varieties among planthoppers and leafhoppers. Using a series of resistant varieties, brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, virulence was assessed in seedlings and early-tillering plants at seven research centers in South and East Asia. Virulence [...] Read more.

This study examines aspects of virulence to resistant rice varieties among planthoppers and leafhoppers. Using a series of resistant varieties, brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, virulence was assessed in seedlings and early-tillering plants at seven research centers in South and East Asia. Virulence of the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera, in Taiwan and the Philippines was also assessed. Phylogenetic analysis of the varieties using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicated a clade of highly resistant varieties from South Asia with two further South Asian clades of moderate resistance. Greenhouse bioassays indicated that planthoppers can develop virulence against multiple resistance genes including genes introgressed from wild rice species. Nilaparvata lugens populations from Punjab (India) and the Mekong Delta (Vietnam) were highly virulent to a range of key resistance donors irrespective of variety origin. Sogatella furcifera populations were less virulent to donors than N. lugens; however, several genes for resistance to S. furcifera are now ineffective in East Asia. A clade of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)-bred varieties and breeding lines, without identified leafhopper-resistance genes, were highly resistant to the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens. Routine phenotyping during breeding programs likely maintains high levels of quantitative resistance to leafhoppers. We discuss these results in the light of breeding and deploying resistant rice in Asia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Resistance for the Protection of Cereal Crops from Insect Pests)

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Review

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853 KiB

Open AccessReview

Volatile Semiochemical Mediated Plant Defense in Cereals: A Novel Strategy for Crop Protection

by Amanuel Tamiru and Zeyaur R. Khan

Agronomy 2017, 7(3), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7030058 - 01 Sep 2017

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 10500

Abstract

Plants have evolved highly intriguing ways of defending themselves against insect attacks, including through emission of defense volatiles. These volatiles serve the plant’s defense by directly repelling phytophagous insects and/or indirectly through attracting natural enemies antagonistic to the herbivores. Several laboratory studies established [...] Read more.

Plants have evolved highly intriguing ways of defending themselves against insect attacks, including through emission of defense volatiles. These volatiles serve the plant’s defense by directly repelling phytophagous insects and/or indirectly through attracting natural enemies antagonistic to the herbivores. Several laboratory studies established the potential of improving plant resistance against insect attacks by manipulating the plant-derived volatile semiochemicals emissions. Yet, more efforts need to be conducted to translate the promising laboratory studies to fight economically-important crop pests under real field conditions. This is needed to address an increasing demand for alternative pest control options driven by ecological and environmental costs associated with the use of broad-spectrum insecticides. The practical examples discussed in this review paper demonstrate the real prospect of exploiting an inducible and constitutive plant volatile semiochemicals for developing novel and ecologically-sustainable pest management strategies to protect cereal crops from damaging insect pests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Resistance for the Protection of Cereal Crops from Insect Pests)

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