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Applied Sciences
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Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
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Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2019) | Viewed by 9573

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mehrdad Kazerani

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
Interests: renewable energy; electrified powertrains; flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS); high-voltage DC transmission (HVDC); microgrid planning and control; energy storage systems; current-sourced converter applications; 4-quadrant smart chargers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hybridization of energy storage systems has evolved as a viable solution to problems stemming from inadequacy of individual energy storage devices in tackling power and energy requirements in different applications. A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is composed of two or more energy storage devices of complementary characteristics (e.g., a high-specific energy battery pack and a high-specific power supercapacitor bank). One or more power electronic converters are used to interface the energy storage devices within a HESS. In order for HESS to be economically viable, the additional initial costs have to be offset by reductions in the running and replacement costs and economic gains in the long term. Optimal sizing and smart power-split algorithms are required to minimize the initial cost and distribute the demand among participating components of HESS, based on their respective capabilities and within safe limits. Electrified powertrains and microgrids seem to be the first adopters of HESS technology. Vehicular loads are bidirectional and contain both slow-varying and fast-changing components. The generation and load in a renewable energy-based microgrid feature a mix of slow-varying and fast-changing components as well. Reported studies on HESS have focused on structure, power/energy management algorithms, optimal sizing, economic assessment, and impact on life span of system components.

The topics of interest in this Special Issue on hybrid energy storage systems include (but are not restricted to):

  • HESS applications in mobile and stationary systems      
  • HESS structure/topology
  • HESS control
  • HESS optimal sizing and optimal management
  • HESS in electrified powertrains
  • HESS in microgrids
  • Short-term and long-term economic assessment of HESS
  • Life span assessment of HESS components
  • HESS modeling
  • HESS stability analysis
  • HESS design based on field data
  • HESS efficiency improvement

Prof. Dr. Mehrdad Kazerani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Energy Storage Hybridization
  • Battery
  • Supercapacitor
  • Flywheel
  • Power Electronic Interfaces
  • Control and Energy Management
  • Modeling
  • Efficiency
  • Electric Vehicles
  • Microgrids

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5499 KiB  
Article
Improved Dynamic Voltage Regulation in a Droop Controlled DC Nanogrid Employing Independently Controlled Battery and Supercapacitor Units
by Ahmad M. A. Malkawi and Luiz A. C. Lopes
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(9), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8091525 - 01 Sep 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3464
Abstract
DC bus voltage signaling (DBS) and droop control are frequently employed in DC nano and microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs) operating in a decentralized way. This approach is effective in enforcing the desired contributions of power sources and energy storage systems (ESSs) [...] Read more.
DC bus voltage signaling (DBS) and droop control are frequently employed in DC nano and microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs) operating in a decentralized way. This approach is effective in enforcing the desired contributions of power sources and energy storage systems (ESSs) in steady-state conditions. The use of supercapacitors (SCs) along with batteries in a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) can mitigate the impact of high and fast current variations on the losses and lifetime of the battery units. However, by controlling the HESS as a single unit, one forfeits the potential contribution of the SC and its high power capabilities to dynamically improve voltage regulation in a DC nanogrid. This paper discusses an approach where the SC interface is controlled independently from the battery interface, with a small droop factor and a high pass filter (HPF), to produce high and short current pulses and smooth DC bus voltage variations due to sudden power imbalances in the DC nanogrid. Experimental results are presented to show that, unlike in a conventional HESS, the SC unit can be used to improve the dynamic voltage regulation of the DC nanogrid and, indirectly, mitigate the high and fast current variations in the battery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Energy Storage Systems)
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22 pages, 3098 KiB  
Article
Energy Storage Coordination in Energy Internet Based on Multi-Agent Particle Swarm Optimization
by Jicheng Liu, Dandan He, Qiushuang Wei and Suli Yan
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(9), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8091520 - 01 Sep 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2748
Abstract
With the rapid development of energy Internet (EI), energy storage (ES), which is the key technology of EI, has attracted widespread attention. EI is composed of multiple energy networks that provide energy support for each other, so it has a great demand for [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of energy Internet (EI), energy storage (ES), which is the key technology of EI, has attracted widespread attention. EI is composed of multiple energy networks that provide energy support for each other, so it has a great demand for diverse energy storages (ESs). All of this may result in energy redundancy throughout the whole EI system. Hence, coordinating ESs among various energy networks is of great importance. First of all, we put forward the necessity and principles of energy storage coordination (ESC) in EI. Then, the ESC model is constructed with the aim of economic efficiency (EE) and energy utilization efficiency (EUE) respectively. Finally, a multi-agent particle swarm optimization (MAPSO) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. The calculation results are compared with that of PSO, and results show that MAPSO has good convergence and computational accuracy. In addition, the simulation results prove that EE plays the most important role when coordinating various ESs in EI, and an ES configuration with the multi-objective optimization of EE and EUE is concluded at last. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Energy Storage Systems)
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22 pages, 3897 KiB  
Article
Optimization Analysis of the Energy Management Strategy of the New Energy Hybrid 100% Low-Floor Tramcar Using a Genetic Algorithm
by Minggao Li, Ming Li, Guopeng Han, Nan Liu, Qiumin Zhang and Yiou Wang
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(7), 1144; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8071144 - 13 Jul 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2944
Abstract
Performance and economic efficiency of the fuel cell (FC)/battery/super capacitor (SC) hybrid 100% low-floor tramcar is mainly determined by its energy management strategy. In this paper, a train traction model was built to calculate the power output and energy consumption properties of the [...] Read more.
Performance and economic efficiency of the fuel cell (FC)/battery/super capacitor (SC) hybrid 100% low-floor tramcar is mainly determined by its energy management strategy. In this paper, a train traction model was built to calculate the power output and energy consumption properties of the hybrid tramcar. With the purpose of reducing hydrogen consumption, the genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the original energy management strategy. The results before and after the optimization show that the power requirement of the tramcar can be satisfied in both situations with the fuel cell (FC) module non-stopped. The maximum output power of the FC is reduced from 170 kW to 101.21 kW. As for the SC, a two-parallel connection module is used instead of the three-parallel one, and the power range changes from −125~250 kW to −67~153 kW. Under the original energy management strategy, the battery cannot be used efficiently with less exporting and absorbent power. Its utilization ratio is improved greatly after optimization. In sum, the equivalent total hydrogen consumption is reduced from 3.3469 kg to 2.8354 kg, dropping by more than 15%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Energy Storage Systems)
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