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Direct Injection Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2019) | Viewed by 43476

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jose Ramon Serrano

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Guest Editor

CMT—Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Interests: thermofluids; internal combustion engines; powertrains for transport; emissions reduction and fuel efficient powertrains
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Ricardo Novella Rosa

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R&D Combustion in CI and SI engines, Universitat Politècnica de València (6D Building), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Interests: internal combustion engines (ice); combustion in ci and si engines; computational fluid dynamics (cfd); ice emissions and efficiency

Dr. Pedro Piqueras

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Guest Editor

CMT-Clean Mobility & Thermofluids, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
Interests: fuel cell technology; heterogeneous catalysis; membrane technology; air management; physical models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICEs) have been intensively developed over the last 140 years. As a consequence, they are the most robust and efficient machines to cover ground and marine transport demands. Road transport and off-road power needs will continue being successfully satisfied by this type of thermos–fluid machines in the short to mid-term, since alternatives are still very immature to effectively protect the environment and deal with global warming, also offering the performance expected by potential customers.

Governmental regulations are wisely limiting more and more green-house gases (CO2), gaseous pollutants and noise emissions; forcing engineering and scientific communities to push the efficiency and to reduce the pollution from RICEs until unsuspected limits just five years ago. Real Driving Emission (RDE) regulations will be progressively adopted in major economic areas, which means additional challenges to vehicle OEM. RDE greatly widens the RICE operative range at which pollutants emissions must be reduced and force to fulfill the homologation limits for RICEs operating under highly transient conditions.

This scenario is offering in the last few years exciting opportunities to engineers and researchers to investigate new ideas and innovative technologies. The second revolution of the RICEs is here, direct injection of fuel and turbocharging is nowadays the baseline from which further progress is expected. In conjunction with multi-reactivity fuels these techniques are offering an extraordinary high level of control of the combustion processes. This new change in traditional paradigm is surprising the researchers with figures of efficiency overcoming the limits day after day.

New cycles, new concepts and more complex architectures are emerging. Propulsion power-plants, based on RICEs, are now a complex mix of thermos-fluid machines and chemical plants. E-chargers, organic-Rankine-cycles (ORC) and hybridization are becoming standards in the RICEs environment. Old ideas are being revised with the revival of two-stroke-like and opposed piston engine concepts. Finally, the massive use of exhaust gasses after treatment introduces new paradigms in the cleaning ability of power-plants based on RICEs.

This Special Issue continues a similar successful initiative launched in 2016. Again, scientific and technically-advanced works, highlighting any of previous topics surrounding RICEs, are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jose Ramon Serrano
Dr. Ricardo Novella Rosa
Prof. Dr. Pedro Piqueras
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Advanced concepts for reciprocating internal combustion engines RICEs
Fuel injection and combustion processes in compression ignition and spark ignition RICEs
Air management and thermal management of RICEs
Turbocharging and supercharging of RICEs
RICEs pollutant emissions formation and their abatement
NVH of RICEs
RICEs lubrication and lubricants
RICEs architectures, hybridization and their control

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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11 pages, 2643 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Why the Development of Internal Combustion Engines Is Still Necessary to Fight against Global Climate Change from the Perspective of Transportation

by José Ramón Serrano, Ricardo Novella and Pedro Piqueras

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(21), 4597; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214597 - 29 Oct 2019

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 9091

Abstract

Internal combustion engines (ICE) are the main propulsion systems in road transport [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Direct Injection Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines)

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Research

Jump to: Editorial

18 pages, 4395 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Experimental Investigation into Combustion Fitting in a Direct Injection Marine Diesel Engine

by Yu Ding, Congbiao Sui and Jincheng Li

Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(12), 2489; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122489 - 04 Dec 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3895

Abstract

The marine diesel engine combustion process is discontinuous and unsteady, resulting in complicated simulations and applications. When the diesel engine is used in the system integration simulation and investigation, a suitable combustion model has to be developed due to compatibility to the other components in the system. The Seiliger process model uses finite combustion stages to perform the main engine combustion characteristics and using the cycle time scale instead of the crank angle shortens the simulation time. Obtaining the defined Seiliger parameters used to calculate the engine performance such as peak pressure, temperature and work is significant and fitting process has to be carried out to get the parameters based on experimental investigation. During the combustion fitting, an appropriate mathematics approach is selected for root finding of non-linear multi-variable functions since there is a large amount of used experimental data. A direct injection marine engine test bed is applied for the experimental investigation based on the combustion fitting approach. The results of each cylinder and four-cylinder averaged pressure signals are fitted with the Seiliger process that is shown separately to obtain the Seiliger parameters, and are varied together with these parameters and with engine operating conditions to provide the basis for engine combustion modeling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Direct Injection Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines)

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13 pages, 3654 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Computational Methodology for Knocking Combustion Analysis in Compression-Ignited Advanced Concepts

by José Ramón Serrano, Ricardo Novella, Josep Gomez-Soriano and Pablo José Martinez-Hernandiz

Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(10), 1707; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8101707 - 20 Sep 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3699

Abstract

In the present work, a numerical methodology based on three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was developed to predict knock in a 2-Stroke engine operating with gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) concept. Single-cycle Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) simulations using the renormalization group [...] Read more.

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model were performed in parallel while the initial conditions are accordingly perturbed in order to imitate the variability in the in-cylinder conditions due to engine operation. Results showed a good agreement between experiment and CFD simulation with respect to cycle-averaged and deviation of the ignition timing, combustion phasing, peak pressure magnitude and location. Moreover, the numerical method was also demonstrated to be capable of predicting knock features, such as maximum pressure rise rate and knock intensity, with good accuracy. Finally, the CFD solution allowed to give more insight about in-cylinder processes that lead to the knocking combustion and its subsequent effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Direct Injection Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines)

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14 pages, 29177 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Diesel/LPG Dual Fuel on Performance and Emissions in a Single Cylinder Diesel Generator

by Mustafa Aydin, Ahmet Irgin and M. Bahattin Çelik

Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(5), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8050825 - 20 May 2018

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 19704

Abstract

Compared to other engines of the same size, diesel engines are more economical in addition to their ability to generate high power. For this reason, they are widely used in many fields such as industry, agriculture, transportation, electricity generation. The increasing environmental concerns and diminishing oil resources led researchers to improve fuel consumption and emissions. In this context, the usage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuel in diesel engines is one of the important research subjects that has been keeping up to date. This paper investigates the effects of LPG direct injection towards the end of air inlet period on engine emissions and performance characteristics. A four-stroke, air cooled, single cylinder diesel engine was modified to direct injection of LPG for diesel/LPG dual fuel operation. An Electronic Control Unit (ECU) was designed and used to adjust LPG injection timing and duration. LPG injection rates were selected as 30%, 50% and 70% on a mass base. The test engine was operated at 3000 rpm constant engine speed under varying load conditions. Throughout the experiments, it was observed that smoke density significantly reduced on the dual-fuel operation, compared to the pure diesel operation. Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased by 30% and 20%, respectively. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) decreased by 8%. Nitrogen Oxide (NO_x) emissions increased by 6% while effective efficiency increased up to 1.25%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Direct Injection Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines)

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12 pages, 2329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Analysis of the Forces on the Components of a Direct Diesel Engine

by Dung Viet Nguyen and Vinh Nguyen Duy

Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(5), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8050761 - 11 May 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6101

Abstract

This research introduces a method to model the operation of internal combustion engines in order to analyze the forces on the rod, crankshaft, and piston of the test engine. To complete this research, an experiment was conducted to measure the in-cylinder pressure profile. In addition, this research also modelled the friction forces caused by the piston and piston-ring movements inside the cylinder for calculating the net forces experienced by the test engine. The results showed that the net forces change according to the crank angle and reach a maximum value near the top dead center. Consequently, we needed to concentrate on analyzing the stress of the crankshaft, rod, and piston at these positions. The research results are the foundation for optimizing the design of these components and provide a method for extending the operating lifetime of internal combustion engines in real operating experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Direct Injection Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines)

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