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Applied Sciences
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Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries/Super-capacitors
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Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries/Super-capacitors

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2017) | Viewed by 39187

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Li Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
Interests: lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); ferroelectric materials; pulsed laser deposition
Prof. Dr. Jinkui Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: batteries; nanomaterials; safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are the most popular power sources for portable electronics and modern electric vehicles. With increased demands for safety, higher energy, and power densities and flexibility, intensive research has been devoted to the development of new energy storage chemistries, novel architectures of electrode materials, and new concepts of energy storage devices, such as silicon and its composite anodes, sulfur cathodes and solid state electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries, and also extends to sodian-ion batteries. Modified activated carbon, graphene, nanomaterials, conducting polymers and their composites are also attractive for supercapacitors. Moreover, hybrid systems of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have also been considered for future high power and high energy applications. To address the most state-of-the-art in the research and development of lithium-ion/sodian-ion batteries and supercapacitors, in this Special Issue, we invite research and review articles, including, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Cathode materials for lithium/sodian-ion batteries
  • Anode materials for batteries
  • Electrolytes for batteries and superpacitors
  • Advanced composites and nanostructured materials for lithium/sodian-ion batteries and supercapacitors
  • Performance and safety of energy storage devices
  • New design and concept for energy storage devices
  • Methods for performance analysis and material characterization
  • Hybrid battery and supercapacitor systems

Prof. Dr. Li Lu
Assoc.Prof. Jinkui Feng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Lithium-ion batteries
  • Sodian-ion batteries
  • Electrode materials
  • Supercapacitors
  • Design of nanoachitectures for energy storage

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3120 KiB  
Article
Nitrogen-Enriched Carbon Nanofibers Derived from Polyaniline and Their Capacitive Properties
by Yunfang Gao, Jie Ying, Xin Xu and Liangpo Cai
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(7), 1079; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8071079 - 03 Jul 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2870
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon materials derived from N-containing conducting polymer have attracted significant attention due to their special electrochemical properties in the past two decades. Novel nitrogen-enriched carbon nanofibers (NCFs) have been prepared by one-step carbonization of p-toluene sulfonic acid (P-TSA) doped polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers, [...] Read more.
Nitrogen-doped carbon materials derived from N-containing conducting polymer have attracted significant attention due to their special electrochemical properties in the past two decades. Novel nitrogen-enriched carbon nanofibers (NCFs) have been prepared by one-step carbonization of p-toluene sulfonic acid (P-TSA) doped polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers, which are successfully synthesized via the rapid mixing oxidative polymerization at room temperature. NCFs with diameters ranging from 100 nm to 150 nm possess a highly specific surface area of 915 m2 g−1 and a relatively rich nitrogen content of 7.59 at %. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that NCFs have high specific capacitance (172 F g−1, 2 mV s−1) and satisfactory cycling stability (89% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). The outstanding properties affirm that NCFs can be promising candidates for supercapacitor electrode materials. Interestingly, the carbonization of PANI opens the possibility to tailor the morphology of resulting nitrogen-enriched carbon materials by controlling the reaction conditions of PANI synthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries/Super-capacitors)
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8 pages, 16855 KiB  
Article
Facile Fabrication of 3D Hierarchically Porous Carbon Foam as Supercapacitor Electrode Material
by Yunfang Gao, Liangpo Cai, Xin Xu and Jie Ying
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(4), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8040565 - 05 Apr 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4145
Abstract
A hierarchically porous 3D starch-derived carbon foam (SCF) with a high specific surface area (up to 1693 m2·g−1) was first prepared by a facile solvothermal treatment, in which Na2CO3 is used as both the template and [...] Read more.
A hierarchically porous 3D starch-derived carbon foam (SCF) with a high specific surface area (up to 1693 m2·g−1) was first prepared by a facile solvothermal treatment, in which Na2CO3 is used as both the template and activating agent. The hierarchically porous structure and high specific area endow the SCF with favorable electrochemical properties such as a high specific capacitance of 179.6 F·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1 and a great rate capability and cycling stability, which suggest that the material can be a promising candidate for energy storage applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries/Super-capacitors)
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10 pages, 2018 KiB  
Article
Improving the Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 in Lithium Ion Batteries by LiAlO2 Surface Modification
by Chunhua Song, Wenge Wang, Huili Peng, Ying Wang, Chenglong Zhao, Huibin Zhang, Qiwei Tang, Jinzhao Lv, Xianjun Du and Yanmeng Dou
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(3), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8030378 - 05 Mar 2018
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 6005
Abstract
LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) as a lithium ion battery cathode material has received attention for its highly specific capacity and excellent low temperature performance. However, the disadvantages of its high surface lithium compound residues and high pH value [...] Read more.
LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) as a lithium ion battery cathode material has received attention for its highly specific capacity and excellent low temperature performance. However, the disadvantages of its high surface lithium compound residues and high pH value have influenced its processing performance and limited its application. This paper uses a facile method to modify NCA through LiAlO2 coating. The results showed that when the molar ratio of Al(NO3)3·9H2O and lithium compound residues at the surface of NCA cathode material was 0.25:1, the pH of the cathode material decreased from 12.70 to 11.80 and the surface lithium compound residues decreased from 3.99% to 1.48%. The NCA cell was charged and discharged for 100 cycles at 1 C in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V, to test the capacity retention of NCA. It was found to be as high as 94.67%, which was 5.36% higher than the control NCA cell. The discharge capacity of NCA-0.25-500 °C was 139.8 mAh/g even at 8 C rate, which was 15% higher than the raw NCA. Further research indicated that Al(NO3)3·9H2O reacted with the surface lithium compound residues of NCA and generated LiAlO2, which improved the NCA electrochemical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries/Super-capacitors)
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9 pages, 2715 KiB  
Article
Thiokol with Excellent Restriction on the Shuttle Effect in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
by Bin Liu, Shan Wang, Quanling Yang, Guo-Hua Hu and Chuanxi Xiong
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8010079 - 09 Jan 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5016
Abstract
Commercial application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is still greatly hampered by several issues, especially the shuttle effect of polysulfides. In this work, we proposed a simple but effective method to restrain the shuttle of the soluble polysulfides by adopting a novel binder of [...] Read more.
Commercial application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is still greatly hampered by several issues, especially the shuttle effect of polysulfides. In this work, we proposed a simple but effective method to restrain the shuttle of the soluble polysulfides by adopting a novel binder of Thiokol in the sulfur cathode. Compared to the battery with conventional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder, the initial discharge capacity for the battery with the Thiokol binder were increased by 42%, that is from 578 to 819 mAh/g, while the capacity after 200 cycles were increased by 201%, which is from 166 to 501 mAh/g. Besides, according to the rate capability test cycling from 0.1 to 1 C, the battery with the Thiokol binder still released a capacity amounting to 90.9% of the initial capacity, when the current density returned back to 0.1 C. Based on the UV–vis and ex situ XRD results, it is reasonably proposed that the reactions with polysulfides of the Thiokol help to restrain the shuttle effect of polysulfides. It is therefore suggested that the novel Thiokol binder holds promise for application in high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries/Super-capacitors)
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1696 KiB  
Communication
Facile Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Porous MgCo2O4 Nanosheets as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Fei Wang, Yong Liu, Yuanfang Zhao, Yue Wang, Zhijie Wang, Wanhong Zhang and Fengzhang Ren
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8010022 - 24 Dec 2017
Cited by 107 | Viewed by 7691
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have drawn considerable attention due to their high energy density and good cycling stability. As a transition-metal oxide, MgCo2O4 (MCO) is a promising candidate for energy storage applications because of its low-cost and environmental characteristics. Here, MCO [...] Read more.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have drawn considerable attention due to their high energy density and good cycling stability. As a transition-metal oxide, MgCo2O4 (MCO) is a promising candidate for energy storage applications because of its low-cost and environmental characteristics. Here, MCO porous nanosheets have been successfully synthesized by a microwave-assisted liquid phase method followed by an annealing procedure. As a result, MCO annealed at 600 °C exhibited optimal rate and cycling performances for Lithium storage application. Specifically, when tested as anode materials for Lithium ion batteries, MCO porous nanosheets delivered a high specific capacity of 1173.8 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1, and the specific capacity reached 1130.1 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 200 mA g−1, achieving 96.3% for the retention rate. The excellent electrochemical performances are mainly attributed to the monolayer porous nanosheet, which provides short transport paths for Li ions and electrons. Results demonstrated that the MCO porous nanosheets are promising electrode materials for Lithium ion batteries applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries/Super-capacitors)
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3940 KiB  
Article
Macroporous Activated Carbon Derived from Rapeseed Shell for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
by Mingbo Zheng, Qin Hu, Songtao Zhang, Hao Tang, Lulu Li and Huan Pang
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(10), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7101036 - 10 Oct 2017
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 7109
Abstract
Lithium–sulfur batteries have drawn considerable attention because of their extremely high energy density. Activated carbon (AC) is an ideal matrix for sulfur because of its high specific surface area, large pore volume, small-size nanopores, and simple preparation. In this work, through KOH activation, [...] Read more.
Lithium–sulfur batteries have drawn considerable attention because of their extremely high energy density. Activated carbon (AC) is an ideal matrix for sulfur because of its high specific surface area, large pore volume, small-size nanopores, and simple preparation. In this work, through KOH activation, AC materials with different porous structure parameters were prepared using waste rapeseed shells as precursors. Effects of KOH amount, activated temperature, and activated time on pore structure parameters of ACs were studied. AC sample with optimal pore structure parameters was investigated as sulfur host materials. Applied in lithium–sulfur batteries, the AC/S composite (60 wt % sulfur) exhibited a high specific capacity of 1065 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and a good capacity retention of 49% after 1000 cycles at 1600 mA g−1. The key factor for good cycling stability involves the restraining effect of small-sized nanopores of the AC framework on the diffusion of polysulfides to bulk electrolyte and the loss of the active material sulfur. Results demonstrated that AC materials derived from rapeseed shells are promising materials for sulfur loading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries/Super-capacitors)
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14392 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Laser Cutting Width of LiCoO2 Coated Aluminum for Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Dongkyoung Lee and Sanghoon Ahn
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(9), 914; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7090914 - 06 Sep 2017
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5672
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used for many applications such as portable electronic devices and Electric Vehicles, because they have lighter weight, higher energy density, higher power density, and a higher energy-to-weight ratio than other types of batteries. Conventional contact-based cutting technology may be [...] Read more.
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used for many applications such as portable electronic devices and Electric Vehicles, because they have lighter weight, higher energy density, higher power density, and a higher energy-to-weight ratio than other types of batteries. Conventional contact-based cutting technology may be inefficient whenever cell design is changed since lithium-ion battery cells are not standardized. Furthermore, the conventional cutting may result in process instability and a poor cut quality due to the tool wear so that it leads to short circuits and local heat generation. These process instability and inefficiency may be solved by laser cutting due to advantages such as clean cutting edge, less deformation, applicability to almost all materials, possibility of precision processing, and easy modification of cutting path. Despite the importance of the laser cutting research, no clear definition of cutting widths has been presented, and there is lack of knowledge to understand the effect of laser parameters on cutting widths. Therefore, this research examines the surface of cathode cut by a laser and defines cutting widths such as top width, melting width, and kerf width. The relationship between the laser parameters and cutting characteristics with defined widths are studied. When the volume energy is less than 6.0172 × 10 10 J / m 3 , no active electrode material is removed. When the laser power is greater or equal to 100 W, both the top and melting widths are clearly observed. The laser power of 50 W can selectively ablate the active electrode material with the material removal rate of 32.14–55.71 mm 3 / min . The threshold volume energy to fully penetrate the 50 μm-thick current collector is between 9.6275 × 10 10 – 8.0229 × 10 10 J / m 3 . All clearance width is less than 20 μm, while the clearance width interestingly exceeds 20 μm when the laser power is 200 W. The effect of material properties on heat transfer using the one dimensional transient semi-infinite conduction model is investigated. In addition, five types of physical characteristics are defined and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries/Super-capacitors)
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