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Biology
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Top 35 of Biology Travel Awards 2018
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Top 35 of Biology Travel Awards 2018

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2018) | Viewed by 19503

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Chris O'Callaghan

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Guest Editor
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
Interests: immunity; inflammation; vascular disease; gene regulation; protein structure; function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jukka Finne

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Programme in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Interests: glycobiology; glycoproteins, polysialic acid; bacterial adhesion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Arthur J.L. Cooper

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
Interests: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzymes; enzyme mechanisms; bioactivation mechanisms; neurochemistry; neurodegenerative diseases; chemoprevention; 1-C; nitrogen; sulfur and selenium biochemistry; transglutaminases (protein cross linking enzymes)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biology aspires to provide academic scientists with an excellent forum for studies in all aspects related to biological sciences. In 2018, the journal set up the "Biology Travel Awards", aiming to promote scientific communications for young researchers at international academic conferences. After the full consideration by our Award Evaluation Committee, the two awards are finally granted to:

Dr. David Olagnier, at Aarhus University, Demark,
MS Maria Szaruga-Bracke at VIB/KU Leuven, Belgium.

We have received a large number of applications from excellent candidates all over the world. To the Top 35 candidates, a waiver opportunity is granted to publish a paper completely free of charge in the journal.

Profs. Chris O'Callaghan, Jukka Finne, and Arthur J.L. Cooper, our Evaluation Committee Members, kindly edit this Special Issue. It will include the publications contributed by the winners together with their research teams.

We would like to express our great thanks here for all the applicants’ attentions and the winners’ contributions. More information on the awards could be found at the following website: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biology/awards

Kind regards,

Biology Editorial Office

Prof. Dr. Chris O'Callaghan
Prof. Dr. Jukka Finne
Prof. Dr. Arthur J.L. Cooper
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

23 pages, 2822 KiB  
Review
Cyclin C: The Story of a Non-Cycling Cyclin
by Jan Ježek, Daniel G. J. Smethurst, David C. Stieg, Z. A. C. Kiss, Sara E. Hanley, Vidyaramanan Ganesan, Kai-Ti Chang, Katrina F. Cooper and Randy Strich
Biology 2019, 8(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8010003 - 04 Jan 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 8126
Abstract
The class I cyclin family is a well-studied group of structurally conserved proteins that interact with their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) to regulate different stages of cell cycle progression depending on their oscillating expression levels. However, the role of class II cyclins, which [...] Read more.
The class I cyclin family is a well-studied group of structurally conserved proteins that interact with their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) to regulate different stages of cell cycle progression depending on their oscillating expression levels. However, the role of class II cyclins, which primarily act as transcription factors and whose expression remains constant throughout the cell cycle, is less well understood. As a classic example of a transcriptional cyclin, cyclin C forms a regulatory sub-complex with its partner kinase Cdk8 and two accessory subunits Med12 and Med13 called the Cdk8-dependent kinase module (CKM). The CKM reversibly associates with the multi-subunit transcriptional coactivator complex, the Mediator, to modulate RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. Apart from its transcriptional regulatory function, recent research has revealed a novel signaling role for cyclin C at the mitochondria. Upon oxidative stress, cyclin C leaves the nucleus and directly activates the guanosine 5’-triphosphatase (GTPase) Drp1, or Dnm1 in yeast, to induce mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly, cyclin C-induced mitochondrial fission was found to increase sensitivity of both mammalian and yeast cells to apoptosis. Here, we review and discuss the biology of cyclin C, focusing mainly on its transcriptional and non-transcriptional roles in tumor promotion or suppression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Top 35 of Biology Travel Awards 2018)
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16 pages, 599 KiB  
Review
Guide snoRNAs: Drivers or Passengers in Human Disease?
by Manisha Deogharia and Mrinmoyee Majumder
Biology 2019, 8(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8010001 - 20 Dec 2018
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 6832
Abstract
In every domain of life, RNA-protein interactions play a significant role in co- and post-transcriptional modifications and mRNA translation. RNA performs diverse roles inside the cell, and therefore any aberrancy in their function can cause various diseases. During maturation from its primary transcript, [...] Read more.
In every domain of life, RNA-protein interactions play a significant role in co- and post-transcriptional modifications and mRNA translation. RNA performs diverse roles inside the cell, and therefore any aberrancy in their function can cause various diseases. During maturation from its primary transcript, RNA undergoes several functionally important post-transcriptional modifications including pseudouridylation and ribose 2′-O-methylation. These modifications play a critical role in the stability of the RNA. In the last few decades, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were revealed to be one of the main components to guide these modifications. Due to their active links to the nucleoside modification, deregulation in the snoRNA expressions can cause multiple disorders in humans. Additionally, host genes carrying snoRNA-encoding sequences in their introns also show differential expression in disease. Although few reports support a causal link between snoRNA expression and disease manifestation, this emerging field will have an impact on the way we think about biomarkers or identify novel targets for therapy. This review focuses on the intriguing aspect of snoRNAs that function as a guide in post-transcriptional RNA modification, and regulation of their host genes in human disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Top 35 of Biology Travel Awards 2018)
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14 pages, 271 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disorders
by Daniel P. Jones and Jyoti Patel
Biology 2018, 7(4), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology7040049 - 16 Nov 2018
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 3957
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world and represents an enormous global health burden. Significant advances have been made in the conservative, medical and surgical management across the range of cardiovascular diseases however the inflammatory components [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world and represents an enormous global health burden. Significant advances have been made in the conservative, medical and surgical management across the range of cardiovascular diseases however the inflammatory components of these diseases have traditionally been neglected. Inflammation is certainly a key component of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition, but it is at least correlative and predictive of risk in many other aspects of cardiovascular medicine ranging from heart failure to outcomes following reperfusion strategies. Inflammation therefore represents significant potential for future risk stratification of patients as well as offering new therapeutic targets across cardiovascular medicine. This review explores the role of inflammation in several of the major aspects of cardiovascular medicine focusing on current and possible future examples of the targeting of inflammation in prognosis and therapy. It concludes that future directions of cardiovascular research and clinical practice should seek to identify cohorts of patients with a significant inflammatory component to their cardiovascular condition or reaction to cardiovascular intervention. These patients might benefit from therapeutic strategies mounted against the inflammatory components implicated in their condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Top 35 of Biology Travel Awards 2018)
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