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Biosensors
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Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors
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Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2018) | Viewed by 27687

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gabriele Favero

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: chemistry of cultural heritage and the environment; soft matters for the cleaning of artistic surfaces and the monitoring of organic polluting species; sensors and biosensors with electrochemical transduction for applications in the environmental, food, and clinical fields; electrochemical techniques for diagnostics of cultural heritage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paolo Bollella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: biosensors; gold nanoparticles; biofuel cells; redox polymers; physical electrochemistry; redox proteins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, several enzymatic electrochemical biosensors have been developed as end-user and time-saving analytical methods for the detection of many analytes for food, clinical and environmental sensing. Besides different electrochemical transduction methods, such as impedimetric, conductometric and potentiometric, are widely exploited in biosensors assembly, the research on enzymatic biosensors has been mostly focused on amperometric-based devices. Enzymes were historically the first molecular recognition elements included in biosensors and still continue to be the basis for a significant number of publications in this field. Everything began in 1962 when Professor Lealand C. Clark illustrated the first example of enzyme electrochemical biosensor by entrapping Glucose Oxidase in a dialysis membrane over an oxygen Clark’s electrode. Successively, in 1967, Updike and Hicks used the same term “enzyme electrode” to describe a similar device, where again Glucose Oxidase was immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel onto an oxygen Clark’s electrode. In addition to amperometry, Guilbault and Montalvo in 1969 used glass electrodes coupled with urease to measure urea concentration by means of potentiometry. Starting, from these first examples, electrochemical transducers combined with enzymes as biochemical component became, nowadays, the largest category of biosensors for food, clinical and environmental sensing.

Enzymatic electrochemical biosensors rely on redox enzymes thus employing the detection of a substrate by its oxidation or reduction reaction. In particular, three successive generations of electrochemical biosensors have been described over the past decades: The first generation biosensors are based on the electrochemical detection of one of the chemical species naturally-occurring in the enzymatic reaction pathway, in the second generation ones the regeneration of the enzyme in its active form is carried out by means of a suitable electrochemical mediator which also serve to shuttle electrons to or from the electrode, finally in the third generation biosensors the redox enzyme is connected to the electrodic material thus giving place to a direct electron transfer.

This Special Issue, devoted to enzymatic electrochemical biosensors, aims to focus on the most recent advances in the development of innovative electrochemical mediators and new enzymatic immobilization strategies, in the synthesis of nanostructured materials, composite or hybrid materials and conductive polymers to enhance the electrochemical transduction, in order to realize highly sensitive, selective and stable biosensors for food, clinical and environmental applications.

Prof. Gabriele Favero
Dr. Paolo Bollella
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Enzyme biosensors
  • Amperometry
  • Potentiometry
  • Mediated electron transfer (MET)
  • Direct electron transfer (DET)
  • Enzyme immobilization
  • Nanomaterials
  • Conductive polymers

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2756 KiB  
Article
Optimization of the Electrodeposition of Gold Nanoparticles for the Application of Highly Sensitive, Label-Free Biosensor
by Hao-Chun Chiang, Yanyan Wang, Qi Zhang and Kalle Levon
Biosensors 2019, 9(2), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9020050 - 31 Mar 2019
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 7421
Abstract
A highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor with a signal amplification platform of electrodeposited gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has been developed and characterized. The sizes of the synthesized AuNP were found to be critical for the performance of biosensor in which the sizes were dependent on [...] Read more.
A highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor with a signal amplification platform of electrodeposited gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has been developed and characterized. The sizes of the synthesized AuNP were found to be critical for the performance of biosensor in which the sizes were dependent on HAuCl4 and acid concentrations; as well as on scan cycles and scan rates in the gold electro-reduction step. Systematic investigations of the adsorption of proteins with different sizes from aqueous electrolyte solution onto the electrodeposited AuNP surface were performed with a potentiometric method and calibrated by design of experiment (DOE). The resulting amperometric glucose biosensors was demonstrated to have a low detection limit (>50 μM) and a wide linear range after optimization with AuNP electrodeposition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors)
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11 pages, 1932 KiB  
Article
Response Surface Methodology for the Optimisation of Electrochemical Biosensors for Heavy Metals Detection
by Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto, Sabrina Di Masi, Antonio Pennetta and Cosimino Malitesta
Biosensors 2019, 9(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010026 - 13 Feb 2019
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 6994
Abstract
Herein, we report the application of a chemometric tool for the optimisation of electrochemical biosensor performances. The experimental design was performed based on the responses of an amperometric biosensor developed for metal ions detection using the flow injection analysis. The electrode preparation and [...] Read more.
Herein, we report the application of a chemometric tool for the optimisation of electrochemical biosensor performances. The experimental design was performed based on the responses of an amperometric biosensor developed for metal ions detection using the flow injection analysis. The electrode preparation and the working conditions were selected as experimental parameters, and thus, were modelled by a response surface methodology (RSM). In particular, enzyme concentration, flow rates, and number of cycles were reported as continuous factors, while the sensitivities of the biosensor (S, µA·mM−1) towards metals, such as Bi3+ and Al3+ were collected as responses and optimised by a central composite design (CCD). Bi3+ and Al3+ inhibition on the Pt/PPD/GOx biosensor response is for the first time reported. The optimal enzyme concentration, scan cycles and flow rate were found to be 50 U·mL−1, 30 and, 0.3 mL·min−1, respectively. Descriptive/predictive performances are discussed: the sensitivities of the optimised biosensor agreed with the experimental design prediction. The responses under the optimised conditions were also tested towards Ni2+ and Ag+ ions. The multivariate approach used in this work allowed us to obtain a wide working range for the biosensor, coupled with a high reproducibility of the response (RSD = 0.72%). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors)
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12 pages, 3758 KiB  
Article
Ultrathin Functional Polymer Modified Graphene for Enhanced Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing
by Anitha Devadoss, Rhiannan Forsyth, Ryan Bigham, Hina Abbasi, Muhammad Ali, Zari Tehrani, Yufei Liu and Owen. J. Guy
Biosensors 2019, 9(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010016 - 18 Jan 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6492
Abstract
Grafting thin polymer layers on graphene enables coupling target biomolecules to graphene surfaces, especially through amide and aldehyde linkages with carboxylic acid and primary amine derivatives, respectively. However, functionalizing monolayer graphene with thin polymer layers without affecting their exceptional electrical properties remains challenging. [...] Read more.
Grafting thin polymer layers on graphene enables coupling target biomolecules to graphene surfaces, especially through amide and aldehyde linkages with carboxylic acid and primary amine derivatives, respectively. However, functionalizing monolayer graphene with thin polymer layers without affecting their exceptional electrical properties remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the controlled modification of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown single layer graphene with ultrathin polymer 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) layers using the electropolymerization technique. It is observed that the controlled electropolymerization of DAN monomer offers continuous polymer layers with thickness ranging between 5–25 nm. The surface characteristics of pure and polymer modified graphene was examined. As anticipated, the number of surface amine groups increases with increases in the layer thickness. The effects of polymer thickness on the electron transfer rates were studied in detail and a simple route for the estimation of surface coverage of amine groups was demonstrated using the electrochemical analysis. The implications of grafting ultrathin polymer layers on graphene towards horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme immobilization and enzymatic electrochemical sensing of H2O2 were discussed elaborately. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors)
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15 pages, 1638 KiB  
Article
Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Based Electrochemical Sensor for Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Detection in Wine Samples
by Cristina Tortolini, Paolo Bollella, Rosaceleste Zumpano, Gabriele Favero, Franco Mazzei and Riccarda Antiochia
Biosensors 2018, 8(4), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios8040108 - 14 Nov 2018
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5589
Abstract
A single-use electrochemical screen-printed electrode is reported based on biomimetic properties of nanoceria particles (CeNPs). The developed tool showed an easy approach compared to the classical spectrophotometric methods reported in literature in terms of ease of use, cost, portability, and unnecessary secondary reagents. [...] Read more.
A single-use electrochemical screen-printed electrode is reported based on biomimetic properties of nanoceria particles (CeNPs). The developed tool showed an easy approach compared to the classical spectrophotometric methods reported in literature in terms of ease of use, cost, portability, and unnecessary secondary reagents. The sensor allowed the detection of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in wine samples. The sensor has been optimized and characterized electrochemically and then tested with antioxidant compounds occurred in wine samples. The electrochemical CeNPs modified sensor has been used for detection of TAC in white and red commercial wines and the data compared to the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS)-based spectrophotometric method. Finally, the obtained results have demonstrated that the proposed sensor was suitable for the simple and quick evaluation of TAC in beverage samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors)
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