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7.4
5.2
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Cancers
Special Issues
Hormone Receptors in Genitourinary Tumors
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Hormone Receptors in Genitourinary Tumors

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2018) | Viewed by 27028

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Hiroshi Miyamoto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Director of Genitourinary Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
Interests: nuclear hormone receptors; androgen receptor; glucocorticoid receptor; antiandrogens; glucocorticoids; urothelial cancer; prostate cancer; genitourinary pathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hormone receptors that bind to specific hormones are known to have widespread physiological functions. Recently, a large body of evidence has emerged suggesting that hormone receptors play a role in the development and progression of various types of malignancies, although their exact functions are not fully characterized. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of current preclinical and clinical findings indicating the involvement of hormone receptor signals in genitourinary tumors including prostate cancer, as well as renal cancer, upper urinary tract cancer, bladder cancer, and testicular cancer that have not traditionally been considered as endocrine neoplasms. Original research or review articles on signaling related to any hormone receptors in urological tumors would be most welcome.

Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Miyamoto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • androgen receptor
  • estrogen receptor
  • glucagon receptor
  • glucocorticoid receptor
  • gonadotropin receptors
  • luteinizing receptor
  • progesterone receptor
  • orphan receptor
  • retinoid receptor
  • somatostatin receptor
  • vitamin D receptor
  • prostate cancer
  • renal cancer
  • testicular cancer
  • urothelial cancer

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

13 pages, 501 KiB  
Review
The Role of Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Bladder Cancer Progression
by Hiroki Ide, Satoshi Inoue and Hiroshi Miyamoto
Cancers 2018, 10(12), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10120484 - 04 Dec 2018
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3113
Abstract
Previous preclinical studies have indicated that the activation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling results in inhibition of the growth of various types of tumors. Indeed, several glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone and prednisone, have been prescribed for the treatment of, for example, hematological malignancies and [...] Read more.
Previous preclinical studies have indicated that the activation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling results in inhibition of the growth of various types of tumors. Indeed, several glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone and prednisone, have been prescribed for the treatment of, for example, hematological malignancies and castration-resistant prostate cancer. By contrast, the role of glucocorticoid-mediated glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the progression of bladder cancer remains far from being fully understood. Nonetheless, emerging evidence implies its unique functions in urothelial cancer cells. Moreover, the levels of glucocorticoid receptor expression have been documented to significantly associate with the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. This review summarizes the available data suggesting the involvement of glucocorticoid-mediated glucocorticoid receptor signaling in urothelial tumor outgrowth and highlights the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The molecules/pathways that contribute to modulating glucocorticoid receptor activity and function in bladder cancer cells are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Receptors in Genitourinary Tumors)
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16 pages, 1026 KiB  
Review
Targeting Crosstalk between Nrf-2, NF-κB and Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer
by Namrata Khurana and Suresh C. Sikka
Cancers 2018, 10(10), 352; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100352 - 25 Sep 2018
Cited by 65 | Viewed by 7583
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and androgen receptor (AR) signaling play a pivotal role in the initiation, development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Numerous papers in the literature have documented the interconnection between oxidative stress and inflammation; and how antioxidants can combat the inflammation. [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress, inflammation and androgen receptor (AR) signaling play a pivotal role in the initiation, development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Numerous papers in the literature have documented the interconnection between oxidative stress and inflammation; and how antioxidants can combat the inflammation. It has been shown in the literature that both oxidative stress and inflammation regulate AR, the key receptor involved in the transition of PCa to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this review, we discuss about the importance of targeting Nrf-2-antioxidant signaling, NF-κB inflammatory response and AR signaling in PCa. Finally, we discuss about the crosstalk between these three critical pathways as well as how the anti-inflammatory antioxidant phytochemicals like sulforaphane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR), which can also target AR, can be ideal candidates in the chemoprevention of PCa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Receptors in Genitourinary Tumors)
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15 pages, 1371 KiB  
Review
Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Refractory to Second-Generation Androgen Receptor Axis-Targeted Agents: Opportunities and Challenges
by Yuki Kita, Takayuki Goto, Shusuke Akamatsu, Toshinari Yamasaki, Takahiro Inoue, Osamu Ogawa and Takashi Kobayashi
Cancers 2018, 10(10), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100345 - 21 Sep 2018
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5716
Abstract
Second-generation androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide, enable stronger blockade of the androgen receptor (AR) axis and longer survival of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the extent of the improved survival remains insufficient and the majority of patients [...] Read more.
Second-generation androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide, enable stronger blockade of the androgen receptor (AR) axis and longer survival of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the extent of the improved survival remains insufficient and the majority of patients eventually develop resistance to these novel agents. Some patients develop resistance against ARAT treatment through mechanisms termed “complete AR independence” or “AR indifference”, and no longer require activation of the AR axis. However, a considerable proportion of CRPC patients remain persistently dependent on AR or its downstream signaling pathways. Ligand-independent activation of the AR, an AR axis-dependent mechanism, is mediated by truncated forms of ARs that lack the ligand-binding domain (LBD), arising as products of AR splicing variants or nonsense mutations of AR. Post-translational modifications of ARs can also contribute to ligand-independent transactivation of the AR. Other mechanisms for AR axis activation are mediated by pathways that bypass the AR. Recent studies revealed that the glucocorticoid receptor can upregulate a similar transcription program to that of the AR, thus bypassing the AR. ARAT agents are essentially ineffective for CRPC driven by these AR-independent mechanisms. This review article describes recent efforts to overcome these refractory machineries for the development of next-generation AR axis blockade in CRPC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Receptors in Genitourinary Tumors)
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15 pages, 2685 KiB  
Review
Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine
by Tetsuya Fujimura, Kenichi Takayama, Satoru Takahashi and Satoshi Inoue
Cancers 2018, 10(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10020029 - 23 Jan 2018
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 9807
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been widely prescribed for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) to control key signaling pathways via androgen receptor (AR) and AR-collaborative transcriptional factors; however, PC gradually acquires a lethal phenotype and results in castration-resistant PC (CRPC) during ADT. [...] Read more.
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been widely prescribed for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) to control key signaling pathways via androgen receptor (AR) and AR-collaborative transcriptional factors; however, PC gradually acquires a lethal phenotype and results in castration-resistant PC (CRPC) during ADT. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are required in clinical practice. In addition, ARs; estrogen receptors (ERs; ERα and ERβ); and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs; ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ) have been reported to be involved in the development or regulation of PC. Recent investigations have revealed the role of associated molecules, such as KLF5, FOXO1, PDGFA, VEGF-A, WNT5A, TGFβ1, and micro-RNA 135a of PC, via ERs and ERRs. Selective ER modulators (SERMs) have been developed. Recently, estrogen and androgen blockade (EAB) using a combination of toremifene and ADT has been demonstrated to improve biochemical recurrence rate in treatment-naïve bone metastatic PC. In the future, the suitability of ADT alone or EAB for individuals may be evaluated by making clinical decisions on the basis of information obtained from RT-PCR, gene-panel, or liquid biopsy to create a “personalized medicine” or “precision medicine”. In this review, we summarize ER and ERR signaling pathways, molecular diagnosis, and SERMs as candidates for advanced PC treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Receptors in Genitourinary Tumors)
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