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Coatings
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Durability and Degradation of Protective Coatings—Theoretical Approach and/vs Industrial Practice
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Durability and Degradation of Protective Coatings—Theoretical Approach and/vs Industrial Practice

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2018) | Viewed by 25154

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Grzegorz Moskal

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Guest Editor
Department of Advanced Materials and Technologies, Silesian Univeristy of Technology, Katowice, Poland
Interests: surface engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Maria Sozanska

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Institute of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
Interests: material characterization; microstructure; SEM analysis; XRD analysis; EDS; EDX; SEM operation; X-ray microanalysis; physical characterization; materials testing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Krzysztof Szymanski

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials engineering and Metallurgy, Institute of Materials Engineerig, Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Krasinskiego str. 8, Poland

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to submit your recent works to this Special Issue on "Durability and Degradation of Protective Coatings—Theoretical Approach and Industrial Practice".

Protective coatings are widely used in order to protect substrate alloy, which is exposed to extremely difficult operating conditions. Elements requiring usage of these coatings work under aggressive environments and high mechanical loads. They should provide appropriate durability of tools, structural elements of machines, devices etc., which are exposed to elevated temperature, chemically and electrochemically aggressive atmospheres, as well as environments promoting erosion and tribological wear. The basic issue leading to suitable durability of material-coating systems is proper recognition of operating conditions and requirements, as well as selection of coating materials and technological approach to preparation of surface and protective coatings deposition. It requires potential exploiters to understand theoretical basics concerning chemical and physical phenomena connected with destruction processes and knowledge regarding selection of technology and selection of materials suitable for preparation of coatings. Proper selection of technology and type of coating, as well as their appropriate preparation, do not guarantee obtaining of desired effects connected with service life improvement. Another aspect of occurring problems are real operating conditions concerning industrial applications, which often differ from design assumptions. Unusual operating conditions, overlapping mechanisms of materials destruction, and exceeded operating parameters may be the cause of unintended and accelerated loss of elements lifetime. Therefore, performance of research expertise, which characterize processes of destruction and proper interpretation of obtained results is basic source of information crucial for reliable recognition of materials destruction mechanisms and undertaking countermeasures. The purpose of these activities should not be focused solely on simple regeneration of protective coatings, but should primarily contain suggestions of more efficient technological solutions, providing economically reasonable enhancement of durability under operating conditions.

In particular, topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Theoretical description of issues connected with processes of protective coatings degradation under industrial conditions.
  • Characteristics of operating conditions and description of material and technological requirements concerning protective coatings systems in various industrial service conditions.
  • Analysis of real examples of destruction and degradation of protective coatings during service, with particular regard to untypical ones.
  • Selection of regeneration processes and reproduction of usable properties of operated surfaces.
  • Methodology of research expertise and results interpretation.

Prof. Dr. Grzegorz Moskal
Prof. Dr. Maria Sozanska
Dr. Krzysztof Szymanski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3890 KiB  
Article
Degradation and In Vivo Response of Hydroxyapatite-Coated Mg Alloy
by Yevheniia Husak, Oleksandr Solodovnyk, Anna Yanovska, Yevhenii Kozik, Iryna Liubchak, Viktoriia Ivchenko, Oleg Mishchenko, Yevhen Zinchenko, Vladimir Kuznetsov and Maksym Pogorielov
Coatings 2018, 8(11), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8110375 - 23 Oct 2018
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3544
Abstract
Nowadays there is a need for new generation of biodegradable implants, which should be able to stimulate the healing responses of injured tissues at the molecular level. Magnesium alloys attract great attention as perspective bone implants due to their biocompatibility, physical properties and [...] Read more.
Nowadays there is a need for new generation of biodegradable implants, which should be able to stimulate the healing responses of injured tissues at the molecular level. Magnesium alloys attract great attention as perspective bone implants due to their biocompatibility, physical properties and ability to degrade completely under physiological conditions. The main purpose of this research was assessment of in vitro corrosion and surface morphology after short term in vivo implantation of Mg based implant covered by hydroxyapatite (HA). Mg alloys with the addition of Zr (0.65%), Al (1.85%) and Nd (1.25%) were used. In our work, we propose dipping method for hydroxyapatite coatings formation which has been shown to reduce the corrosion rate of magnesium implants in vivo. Simulated body fluid (SBF; pH 7.4) with ion concentrations approximately equal to those of human blood plasma resembling physiological conditions and citrate buffer with pH 5—simulating inflammation were selected as modelling environments for in vitro degradation test. The rod samples were implanted into the tibia bone of rats and after 1 day and 5 days of implantation were taken out to observe cells adhesion on surface samples. SEM was used to assess surface morphology after in vitro and in vivo tests. SBF solution causes some cracks on the surface of HA coatings, while citrate solution at pH 2 caused complete dissolving of the coating. The HA coating favoured cell adhesion and rapid fibrous tissue formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Durability and Degradation of Protective Coatings—Theoretical Approach and/vs Industrial Practice)
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14 pages, 3713 KiB  
Article
Sliding Wear Behavior of Fe-Al Coatings at High Temperatures
by Núria Cinca, Slawomir Cygan, Cezary Senderowski, Lucyna Jaworska, Sergi Dosta, Irene G. Cano and Josep M. Guilemany
Coatings 2018, 8(8), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8080268 - 31 Jul 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3921
Abstract
The medium and high temperature tribological behavior of different iron aluminide thermal spray coatings was investigated. Several powders synthesized through different routes (ball milling, self-decomposition, and self-propagating high-temperature sintering (SHS)) were evaluated. High heterogeneity of conventional High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) coatings plays [...] Read more.
The medium and high temperature tribological behavior of different iron aluminide thermal spray coatings was investigated. Several powders synthesized through different routes (ball milling, self-decomposition, and self-propagating high-temperature sintering (SHS)) were evaluated. High heterogeneity of conventional High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) coatings plays a vital role in their sliding performance, but as long as their integrity is preserved under high temperature oxidizing conditions, the wear rates are found to be acceptable, as it occurs in the case of ball milled Fe-40Al (at.%) powder. The friction phenomenon and wear mechanisms were analyzed in detail through the wear track morphology, contact surface, and friction coefficients. The occurrence of brittle phases in the sprayed coatings, which are also present when tested at high temperatures, appeared to be crucial in accelerating the coating failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Durability and Degradation of Protective Coatings—Theoretical Approach and/vs Industrial Practice)
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12 pages, 14117 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Aluminizing Process on the Surface Condition and Oxidation Resistance of Ti–45Al–8Nb–0.5(B, C) Alloy
by Wojciech Szkliniarz, Grzegorz Moskal, Agnieszka Szkliniarz and Radosław Swadźba
Coatings 2018, 8(3), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8030113 - 20 Mar 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4991
Abstract
One of the major barriers limiting the suitability of TiAl intermetallic alloys for use in the demanding aircraft and automotive industries is their susceptibility to degradation as a result of oxidation at temperatures exceeding 760 °C. Paper presents the characteristics of resistance to [...] Read more.
One of the major barriers limiting the suitability of TiAl intermetallic alloys for use in the demanding aircraft and automotive industries is their susceptibility to degradation as a result of oxidation at temperatures exceeding 760 °C. Paper presents the characteristics of resistance to cyclic oxidation at 950 °C for Ti–45Al–8Nb–0.5(B, C) alloy with and without protective coating obtained as a result of aluminizing using out of pack method. The characteristics of surface condition were determined by scanning electron microscope with EDS system, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. The favorable behavior of the Ti–45Al–8Nb–0.5(B, C) alloy with a protective coating under cyclic oxidation conditions is a result of a higher content of Al2O3 in the microstructure of the scale and the presence of Al and Nb-rich phases at the substrate interface, which probably constitue a barrier for oxidation process. The high temperature oxidation test revealed that aluminide coating was responsible for a remarkable improvement in the oxidation resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Durability and Degradation of Protective Coatings—Theoretical Approach and/vs Industrial Practice)
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9 pages, 4116 KiB  
Article
Effect of Untampered Plasma Coating and Surface Texturing on Friction and Running-in Behavior of Piston Rings
by Amirabbas Akbarzadeh and M. M. Khonsari
Coatings 2018, 8(3), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8030110 - 19 Mar 2018
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 5422
Abstract
The running-in behavior and the associated transient friction characteristics of a piston ring with different surface treatments are experimentally evaluated using a custom-made engine testing apparatus. Results are reported for a series of running-in and steady-state experiments on piston rings with different combinations [...] Read more.
The running-in behavior and the associated transient friction characteristics of a piston ring with different surface treatments are experimentally evaluated using a custom-made engine testing apparatus. Results are reported for a series of running-in and steady-state experiments on piston rings with different combinations of coated and textured surfaces. Comparisons are provided between five different types of piston rings: (1) with no textures; (2) with textures only; (3) with coating only; (4) first textured and then coated; and (5) first coated and then textured. A combination of the texturing and coating showed 12.5% improvement in the frictional behavior and up to 50% improvement in break-in time compared to cases when only one surface treatment was applied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Durability and Degradation of Protective Coatings—Theoretical Approach and/vs Industrial Practice)
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12 pages, 3592 KiB  
Article
Experimental Evaluation of Polyester and Epoxy–Polyester Powder Coatings in Aggressive Media
by Ivan Stojanović, Vinko Šimunović, Vesna Alar and Frankica Kapor
Coatings 2018, 8(3), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8030098 - 08 Mar 2018
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6378
Abstract
Protective coatings are the most widely used corrosion protection method for construction materials in different environmental conditions. They isolate metals from aggressive media, making the structure more durable. Today, alongside good anti-corrosive properties, coatings need to be safe for the environment and harmless [...] Read more.
Protective coatings are the most widely used corrosion protection method for construction materials in different environmental conditions. They isolate metals from aggressive media, making the structure more durable. Today, alongside good anti-corrosive properties, coatings need to be safe for the environment and harmless to those who apply them. The high volatile organic compound (VOC) content in conventional solvent-borne coatings presents a huge ecological problem. A solution for indispensable solvent emission reduction is the application of powder coatings. This study evaluates the corrosion performance and surface morphology of polyester and epoxy–polyester powder coatings. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (OCP) measurement, salt spray chamber and humidity chamber testing followed by adhesion testing were used to investigate the protective properties of powder coatings. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to analyse the surface morphology and chemical composition, whereas the microstructure and coating uniformity were determined by optical microscope examination. The research revealed a negative influence of coating surface texture on coating thickness and consequently a lack of barrier and adhesion properties. The epoxy–polyester powder coating showed a better performance than the polyester coating. All tested coatings showed uniform structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Durability and Degradation of Protective Coatings—Theoretical Approach and/vs Industrial Practice)
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