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Diagnostics
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Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer
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Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 June 2019) | Viewed by 54421

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Masataka Kikuyama

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Guest Editor
Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan
Interests: imaging diagnosis of early-stage pancreatic cancer, including carcinoma in situ; imaging diagnosis of biliary diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Masayuki Kitano

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Deparment of Gastroenterology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
Interests: EUS; CE-EUS; EUS-FNA; pancreatic cancer; early diagnosis; IPMN
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis, because the diagnosis of PC is delayed. To improve the poor prognosis, early diagnosis is needed. For early diagnosis of PC, patients with clinical manifestations suggestive of PC and high risks for developing PC need to be selected for examination for PC. The signs suggestive of PC, such as abdominal symptoms, DM onset, or acute pancreatitis should not be missed, and the detail of risks for PC including IPMN, chronic pancreatitis, or heredity of PC should be understood. For diagnosing PC, computed tomography (MDCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) could be selected, while the diagnostic ability of these examinations for early stage PC is limited. Recently, endoscopic diagnostic procedures, such as endoscopic ultrasonography, including fine-needle aspiration has been widely accepted for diagnosing PC, including small PC, and endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography using serial pancreatic-juice aspiration cytologic examination (SPACE) has been developed for a detailed examination to diagnose earlier pancreatic cancer, including carcinoma in situ.

Dr. Masataka Kikuyama
Prof. Masayuki Kitano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Early diagnosis
  • IPMN
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • DM
  • Heredity
  • CT
  • MRI
  • PET
  • EUS
  • ERCP
  • SPACE

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 4643 KiB  
Article
Proposal for Endoscopic Ultrasonography Classification for Small Pancreatic Cancer
by Shuzo Terada, Masataka Kikuyama, Shinya Kawaguchi, Hideyuki Kanemoto, Yoshihiro Yokoi, Terumi Kamisawa, Sawako Kuruma, Kazuro Chiba, Goro Honda, Shinichiro Horiguchi and Jun Nakahodo
Diagnostics 2019, 9(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9010015 - 23 Jan 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4890
Abstract
Backgrounds: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is used to observe the stricture of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) and in diagnosing pancreatic cancer (PC). We investigate the findings on EUS by referring to the histopathological findings of resected specimens. Materials and Methods: Six patients with [...] Read more.
Backgrounds: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is used to observe the stricture of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) and in diagnosing pancreatic cancer (PC). We investigate the findings on EUS by referring to the histopathological findings of resected specimens. Materials and Methods: Six patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) and 30 patients with invasive carcinoma of 20 mm or less were included. The preoperative EUS findings were classified as follows. A1: Simple stricture type—no findings around the stricture; A2: Hypoecho stricture type—localized hypoechoic area without demarcation around the stricture; A3: Tumor stricture type—tumor on the stricture; B: Dilation type—the dilation of the pancreatic duct without a downstream stricture; C: Parenchymal tumor type—tumor located apart from the MPD. Results: Classes A1 and A2 consisted of 2 CISs, and 4 invasive carcinomas included two cases smaller than 5 mm in diameter. Most of the cancers classified as A3 or C were of invasive carcinoma larger than 5 mm in diameter. All cancers classified as B involved CIS. Serial pancreatic-juice aspiration cytologic examination (SPACE) was selected for all types of cases, with a sensitivity of 92.0%, while EUS-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNA) was only useful for invasive carcinoma, and its sensitivity was 66.7%. Conclusions: Stricture without a tumor could be a finding for invasive PC and pancreatic duct dilation without a downstream stricture could be a finding indicative of CIS. Carcinoma smaller than 5 mm in diameter could not be recognized by EUS. SPACE had a high sensitivity for diagnosing small PC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer)
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Review

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14 pages, 494 KiB  
Review
Surveillance of Individuals with a Family History of Pancreatic Cancer and Inherited Cancer Syndromes: A Strategy for Detecting Early Pancreatic Cancers
by Hiroyuki Matsubayashi, Yoshimi Kiyozumi, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Katsuhiko Uesaka, Masataka Kikuyama and Hiroyuki Ono
Diagnostics 2019, 9(4), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040169 - 31 Oct 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3553
Abstract
A family history of pancreatic cancer (PC) is a risk factor of PC, and risk levels increase as affected families grow in number and/or develop PC at younger ages. Familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) is defined as a client having at least two PC [...] Read more.
A family history of pancreatic cancer (PC) is a risk factor of PC, and risk levels increase as affected families grow in number and/or develop PC at younger ages. Familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) is defined as a client having at least two PC cases in a first degree relatives. In the narrow sense, FPC does not include some inherited cancer syndromes that are known to increase the risks of PC, such as Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS), hereditary pancreatitis (HP), hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), and so on. FPC accounts for 5%–10% of total PC diagnoses and is marked by several features in genetic, epidemiological, and clinicopathological findings that are similar to or distinct from conventional PC. Recent advances in genetic medicine have led to an increased ability to identify germline variants of cancer-associated genes. To date, high-risk individuals (HRIs) in many developed countries, including FPC kindreds and inherited cancer syndromes, are screened clinically to detect and treat early-stage PC. This article highlights the concept of FPC and the most recent data on its detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer)
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8 pages, 802 KiB  
Review
Endoscopic Ultrasound for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer
by Takeichi Yoshida, Yasunobu Yamashita and Masayuki Kitano
Diagnostics 2019, 9(3), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9030081 - 24 Jul 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6078
Abstract
Detection of small pancreatic cancers, which have a better prognosis than large cancers, is needed to reduce high mortality rates. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most sensitive imaging modality for detecting pancreatic lesions. The high resolution of EUS makes it particularly useful for [...] Read more.
Detection of small pancreatic cancers, which have a better prognosis than large cancers, is needed to reduce high mortality rates. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most sensitive imaging modality for detecting pancreatic lesions. The high resolution of EUS makes it particularly useful for detecting small pancreatic lesions that may be missed by other imaging modalities. Therefore, EUS should be performed in patients with obstructive jaundice in whom computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not identify a definite pancreatic lesion. Interest in the use of EUS for screening individuals at high risk of pancreatic cancer, including those with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and familial pancreatic cancer is growing. Contrast-enhanced EUS can facilitate differential diagnosis of small solid pancreatic lesions as well as malignant cystic lesions. In addition, EUS-guided fine needle aspiration can provide samples of small pancreatic lesions. Thus, EUS and EUS-related techniques are essential for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer)
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10 pages, 3541 KiB  
Review
Roles of ERCP in the Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer
by Keiji Hanada, Tomoyuki Minami, Akinori Shimizu, Motomitsu Fukuhara, Shigeki Yano, Kenji Sasaki, Masanori Koda, Kayo Sugiyama, Shuji Yonehara and Akio Yanagisawa
Diagnostics 2019, 9(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9010030 - 07 Mar 2019
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 6875
Abstract
It has been reported that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is of value in evaluating precise pancreatograms of the pancreatic duct (PD). Recently, institutions have tended to perform magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for the diagnosis of PD due to post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). In small [...] Read more.
It has been reported that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is of value in evaluating precise pancreatograms of the pancreatic duct (PD). Recently, institutions have tended to perform magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for the diagnosis of PD due to post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). In small pancreatic cancer (PC), including PC in situ (PCIS) which is undetectable on cross sectional images, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and MRCP serve important roles in detecting local irregular stenosis of the PD or small cystic lesions. Subsequently, ERCP and associated serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytologic examination (SPACE) obtained by endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (ENPD) may be useful in the diagnosis of very early-stage PC. Further prospective multicenter studies are required to establish a standard method of SPACE for the early diagnosis of PC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer)
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11 pages, 1746 KiB  
Review
Advances in Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer
by Atsushi Kanno, Atsushi Masamune, Keiji Hanada, Masataka Kikuyama and Masayuki Kitano
Diagnostics 2019, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9010018 - 05 Feb 2019
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 12873
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease. PDAC is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and Japan based on epidemiological data. Early detection of PDAC is very important to improve the prognosis of PDAC. Early detection of pancreatic [...] Read more.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease. PDAC is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and Japan based on epidemiological data. Early detection of PDAC is very important to improve the prognosis of PDAC. Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) requires further examination after selecting cases with risk factors for the condition, such as family history, hereditary pancreatic carcinoma syndrome, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, or chronic pancreatitis. The Japan Study Group on the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer has investigated and clarified the clinicopathological features for the early diagnosis of PDAC. In Japan, an algorithm for the early diagnosis of PDAC, which utilized the cooperation of local clinics and regional general hospitals, has been a breakthrough in the detection of early-stage PDAC. Further approaches for the early diagnosis of PDAC are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer)
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9 pages, 2365 KiB  
Review
The Role of Transabdominal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Early Stage Pancreatic Cancer: Review and Single-Center Experience
by Reiko Ashida, Sachiko Tanaka, Hiromi Yamanaka, Suetsumi Okagaki, Keiko Nakao, Junko Fukuda, Miho Nakao, Tatsuya Ioka and Kazuhiro Katayama
Diagnostics 2019, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9010002 - 26 Dec 2018
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 19026
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death with a 5-year survival rate less than 10%. In the absence of effective screening methods, such as blood markers, most clinical diagnoses of PC are made at an advanced stage. However, early [...] Read more.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death with a 5-year survival rate less than 10%. In the absence of effective screening methods, such as blood markers, most clinical diagnoses of PC are made at an advanced stage. However, early stage PC is associated with a more favorable five-year survival rate of 85.8% for stage 0, and 68.7% for stage IA. Transabdominal ultrasound (US) is frequently used as a first-line diagnostic tool in the clinical setting and a preferred modality for routine medical evaluations for asymptomatic individuals. Recently published Japanese data show that most PCs diagnosed in early stage had US findings, such as dilated main pancreatic ducts or pancreas cysts. For surveillance of high-risk individuals, such as those with an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), US is an ideal modality in terms of its non-invasive and cost-effective nature. However, the diagnostic performance of ultrasound varies greatly by the operator’s experience and the patient’s condition. This article reviews the present situation of early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by US, along with tips for improving visualization of the pancreas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer)
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