Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen

A special issue of Econometrics (ISSN 2225-1146).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2018) | Viewed by 103629

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
Interests: time series; financial econometrics
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Italy
Interests: econometrics (theory and applications); counterfactual methods

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Contributions for this Special Issue in honour of Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen should relate to an area of research to which they have made significant contributions. These include, but are certainly not limited to, econometric theory and applications related to the following questions:

  1. How many common trends are there in a given set of time series?
  2. What is the set of equilibria relations, or, dually what characterizes the attractor set for the common trends?
  3. How is one variable adjusting to the (dis-)equilibrium or going back to the attractor?
  4. Is the VAR compatible with agents being learning or rational?
  5. What would have happened if a different policy intervention had been implemented?

Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen contributed to these fundamental issues by developing new methodology, and by providing inspiring paradigmatic applications to several empirical economics problems; the latter range from the study of international parity relationships, to the analysis of monetary policy, unemployment, climatology, and optimal hedging, to name a few. The former include, but are not restricted to: representation, inference and testing in I(1) and I(2) and fractional systems, nonlinear time series, structural breaks, (mis)-specification testing, identification of linear system of equations.

This Special Issue aims to collect state of the art applications and theory developments in these areas, as well as in all other areas to which Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen have contributed.

Informal enquiries regarding the scope and suitability of a potential submission should first be made to the guest editors (emails on the top of this page).

Rocco Mosconi
Paolo Paruolo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Econometrics is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cointegration
  • Common trends
  • Error-correcting adjustment
  • Estimation and hypothesis testing in cointegrated models
  • Fractional integration
  • Imperfect knowledge and expectation formation
  • Macroeconomic fluctuations and transmission mechanisms
  • Mis-specification testing
  • Representation theory of I(1), I(2) systems
  • Short-run and long-run impact
  • Vector Autoregressive Processes

Published Papers (21 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 196 KiB  
Editorial
Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen
by Rocco Mosconi and Paolo Paruolo
Econometrics 2022, 10(2), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics10020024 - 16 May 2022
Viewed by 1910
Abstract
This Special Issue collects contributions related to the advances in the theory and practice of Econometrics induced by the research of Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen, whom this Special Issue aims to celebrate [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
16 pages, 1040 KiB  
Editorial
A Conversation with Søren Johansen
by Rocco Mosconi and Paolo Paruolo
Econometrics 2022, 10(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics10020021 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2950
Abstract
This article was prepared for the Special Issue “Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen” of Econometrics. It is based on material recorded on 30 October 2018 in Copenhagen. It explores Søren Johansen’s research, and discusses inter alia the following issues: estimation [...] Read more.
This article was prepared for the Special Issue “Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen” of Econometrics. It is based on material recorded on 30 October 2018 in Copenhagen. It explores Søren Johansen’s research, and discusses inter alia the following issues: estimation and inference for nonstationary time series of the I(1), I(2) and fractional cointegration types; survival analysis; statistical modelling; likelihood; econometric methodology; the teaching and practice of Statistics and Econometrics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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21 pages, 803 KiB  
Editorial
A Conversation with Katarina Juselius
by Rocco Mosconi and Paolo Paruolo
Econometrics 2022, 10(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics10020020 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2565
Abstract
This article was prepared for the Special Issue ‘Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen’ of Econometrics. It is based on material recorded on 30–31 October 2018 in Copenhagen. It explores Katarina Juselius’ research, and discusses inter alia the following issues: equilibrium; [...] Read more.
This article was prepared for the Special Issue ‘Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen’ of Econometrics. It is based on material recorded on 30–31 October 2018 in Copenhagen. It explores Katarina Juselius’ research, and discusses inter alia the following issues: equilibrium; short and long-run behaviour; common trends; adjustment; integral and proportional control mechanisms; model building and model comparison; breaks, crisis, learning; univariate versus multivariate modelling; mentoring and the gender gap in Econometrics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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Research

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27 pages, 469 KiB  
Article
Cointegration, Root Functions and Minimal Bases
by Massimo Franchi and Paolo Paruolo
Econometrics 2021, 9(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics9030031 - 17 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2639
Abstract
This paper discusses the notion of cointegrating space for linear processes integrated of any order. It first shows that the notions of (polynomial) cointegrating vectors and of root functions coincide. Second, it discusses how the cointegrating space can be defined (i) as a [...] Read more.
This paper discusses the notion of cointegrating space for linear processes integrated of any order. It first shows that the notions of (polynomial) cointegrating vectors and of root functions coincide. Second, it discusses how the cointegrating space can be defined (i) as a vector space of polynomial vectors over complex scalars, (ii) as a free module of polynomial vectors over scalar polynomials, or finally (iii) as a vector space of rational vectors over rational scalars. Third, it shows that a canonical set of root functions can be used as a basis of the various notions of cointegrating space. Fourth, it reviews results on how to reduce polynomial bases to minimal order—i.e., minimal bases. The application of these results to Vector AutoRegressive processes integrated of order 2 is found to imply the separation of polynomial cointegrating vectors from non-polynomial ones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
28 pages, 979 KiB  
Article
Søren Johansen and Katarina Juselius: A Bibliometric Analysis of Citations through Multivariate Bass Models
by Fragiskos Archontakis and Rocco Mosconi
Econometrics 2021, 9(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics9030030 - 12 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3122
Abstract
We showcase the impact of Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen’s contribution to econometrics using bibliometric data on citations from 1989 to 2017, extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database. Our purpose is to analyze the impact of KJ and SJ’s ideas on [...] Read more.
We showcase the impact of Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen’s contribution to econometrics using bibliometric data on citations from 1989 to 2017, extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database. Our purpose is to analyze the impact of KJ and SJ’s ideas on applied and methodological research in econometrics. To this aim, starting from WoS data, we derived two composite indices whose purpose is to disentangle the authors’ impact on applied research from their impact on methodological research. As of 2017, the number of applied citing papers per quarter had not yet reached the peak; conversely, the peak in the methodological literature seem to have been reached around 2000, although the shape of the trajectory is very flat after the peak. We analyzed the data using a multivariate dynamic version of the well known Bass model. Our estimates suggest that the methodological literature is mainly driven by “innovators”, whereas “imitators” are relatively more important in the applied literature: this might explain the different location of the peaks. We also find that, in the literature referring to KJ and SJ, the “cross-fertilization” between methodological and applied research is statistically significant and bi-directional. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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27 pages, 377 KiB  
Article
Searching for a Theory That Fits the Data: A Personal Research Odyssey
by Katarina Juselius
Econometrics 2021, 9(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics9010005 - 01 Feb 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3583
Abstract
This survey paper discusses the Cointegrated Vector AutoRegressive (CVAR) methodology and how it has evolved over the past 30 years. It describes major steps in the econometric development, discusses problems to be solved when confronting theory with the data, and, as a solution, [...] Read more.
This survey paper discusses the Cointegrated Vector AutoRegressive (CVAR) methodology and how it has evolved over the past 30 years. It describes major steps in the econometric development, discusses problems to be solved when confronting theory with the data, and, as a solution, proposes a so-called theory-consistent CVAR scenario. A number of early CVAR applications are motivated by the urge to find out why the empirical results did not support Milton Friedman’s concept of monetary inflation. The paper also proposes a method for combining partial CVAR analyses into a large-scale macroeconomic model. It argues that an empirically-based approach to macroeconomics preferably should be based on Keynesian disequilibrium economics, where imperfect knowledge expectations replace so called rational expectations and where the financial sector plays a key role for understanding the long persistent movements in the data. Finally, the paper argues that the CVAR is potentially a candidate for Haavelmo’s “design of experiment for passive observations” and provides several illustrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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26 pages, 350 KiB  
Article
Forward Rate Bias in Developed and Developing Countries: More Risky Not Less Rational
by Michael D. Goldberg, Olesia Kozlova and Deniz Ozabaci
Econometrics 2020, 8(4), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8040043 - 02 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3070
Abstract
This paper examines the stability of the Bilson–Fama regression for a panel of 55 developed and developing countries. We find multiple break points for nearly every country in our panel. Subperiod estimates of the slope coefficient show a negative bias during some time [...] Read more.
This paper examines the stability of the Bilson–Fama regression for a panel of 55 developed and developing countries. We find multiple break points for nearly every country in our panel. Subperiod estimates of the slope coefficient show a negative bias during some time periods and a positive bias during other time periods in nearly every country. The subperiod biases display two key patterns that shed light on the literature’s linear regression findings. The results point toward the importance of risk in currency markets. We find that risk is greater for developed country markets. The evidence undercuts the widespread view that currency returns are predictable or that developed country markets are less rational. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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54 pages, 640 KiB  
Article
A Parameterization of Models for Unit Root Processes: Structure Theory and Hypothesis Testing
by Dietmar Bauer, Lukas Matuschek, Patrick de Matos Ribeiro and Martin Wagner
Econometrics 2020, 8(4), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8040042 - 10 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2710
Abstract
We develop and discuss a parameterization of vector autoregressive moving average processes with arbitrary unit roots and (co)integration orders. The detailed analysis of the topological properties of the parameterization—based on the state space canonical form of Bauer and Wagner (2012)—is an essential input [...] Read more.
We develop and discuss a parameterization of vector autoregressive moving average processes with arbitrary unit roots and (co)integration orders. The detailed analysis of the topological properties of the parameterization—based on the state space canonical form of Bauer and Wagner (2012)—is an essential input for establishing statistical and numerical properties of pseudo maximum likelihood estimators as well as, e.g., pseudo likelihood ratio tests based on them. The general results are exemplified in detail for the empirically most relevant cases, the (multiple frequency or seasonal) I(1) and the I(2) case. For these two cases we also discuss the modeling of deterministic components in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
28 pages, 437 KiB  
Article
Modeling I(2) Processes Using Vector Autoregressions Where the Lag Length Increases with the Sample Size
by Yuanyuan Li and Dietmar Bauer
Econometrics 2020, 8(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8030038 - 17 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2984
Abstract
In this paper the theory on the estimation of vector autoregressive (VAR) models for I(2) processes is extended to the case of long VAR approximation of more general processes. Hereby the order of the autoregression is allowed to tend to infinity at a [...] Read more.
In this paper the theory on the estimation of vector autoregressive (VAR) models for I(2) processes is extended to the case of long VAR approximation of more general processes. Hereby the order of the autoregression is allowed to tend to infinity at a certain rate depending on the sample size. We deal with unrestricted OLS estimators (in the model formulated in levels as well as in vector error correction form) as well as with two stage estimation (2SI2) in the vector error correction model (VECM) formulation. Our main results are analogous to the I(1) case: We show that the long VAR approximation leads to consistent estimates of the long and short run dynamics. Furthermore, tests on the autoregressive coefficients follow standard asymptotics. The pseudo likelihood ratio tests on the cointegrating ranks (using the Gaussian likelihood) used in the 2SI2 algorithm show under the null hypothesis the same distributions as in the case of data generating processes following finite order VARs. The same holds true for the asymptotic distribution of the long run dynamics both in the unrestricted VECM estimation and the reduced rank regression in the 2SI2 algorithm. Building on these results we show that if the data is generated by an invertible VARMA process, the VAR approximation can be used in order to derive a consistent initial estimator for subsequent pseudo likelihood optimization in the VARMA model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
25 pages, 1708 KiB  
Article
The Discovery of Long-Run Causal Order: A Preliminary Investigation
by Kevin D. Hoover
Econometrics 2020, 8(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8030031 - 03 Aug 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3761
Abstract
The relation between causal structure and cointegration and long-run weak exogeneity is explored using some ideas drawn from the literature on graphical causal modeling. It is assumed that the fundamental source of trending behavior is transmitted from exogenous (and typically latent) trending variables [...] Read more.
The relation between causal structure and cointegration and long-run weak exogeneity is explored using some ideas drawn from the literature on graphical causal modeling. It is assumed that the fundamental source of trending behavior is transmitted from exogenous (and typically latent) trending variables to a set of causally ordered variables that would not themselves display nonstationary behavior if the nonstationary exogenous causes were absent. The possibility of inferring the long-run causal structure among a set of time-series variables from an exhaustive examination of weak exogeneity in irreducibly cointegrated subsets of variables is explored and illustrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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15 pages, 301 KiB  
Article
Cointegration and Structure in Norwegian Wage–Price Dynamics
by Marit Gjelsvik, Ragnar Nymoen and Victoria Sparrman
Econometrics 2020, 8(3), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8030029 - 27 Jul 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4572
Abstract
Wage coordination plays an important role in macroeconomic stabilization. Pattern wage bargaining systems have been common in Europe, but in different forms, and with different degrees of success in terms of actual coordination reached. We focus on wage formation in Norway, a small [...] Read more.
Wage coordination plays an important role in macroeconomic stabilization. Pattern wage bargaining systems have been common in Europe, but in different forms, and with different degrees of success in terms of actual coordination reached. We focus on wage formation in Norway, a small open economy, where it is custom to regard the manufacturing industry as the wage leader. We estimate a model of wage formation in manufacturing and in two other sectors. Deciding cointegration rank is an important step in the analysis, economically as well statistically. In combination with simultaneous equation modelling, the cointegration analysis provides evidence that collective wage negotiations in manufacturing have defined wage norms for the rest of the economy over the period 1980(1)–2014(4). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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23 pages, 361 KiB  
Article
Cointegration and Error Correction Mechanisms for Singular Stochastic Vectors
by Matteo Barigozzi, Marco Lippi and Matteo Luciani
Econometrics 2020, 8(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8010003 - 04 Feb 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5338
Abstract
Large-dimensional dynamic factor models and dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, both widely used in empirical macroeconomics, deal with singular stochastic vectors, i.e., vectors of dimension r which are driven by a q-dimensional white noise, with q < r . The present paper [...] Read more.
Large-dimensional dynamic factor models and dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, both widely used in empirical macroeconomics, deal with singular stochastic vectors, i.e., vectors of dimension r which are driven by a q-dimensional white noise, with q < r . The present paper studies cointegration and error correction representations for an I ( 1 ) singular stochastic vector y t . It is easily seen that y t is necessarily cointegrated with cointegrating rank c r q . Our contributions are: (i) we generalize Johansen’s proof of the Granger representation theorem to I ( 1 ) singular vectors under the assumption that y t has rational spectral density; (ii) using recent results on singular vectors by Anderson and Deistler, we prove that for generic values of the parameters the autoregressive representation of y t has a finite-degree polynomial. The relationship between the cointegration of the factors and the cointegration of the observable variables in a large-dimensional factor model is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
35 pages, 584 KiB  
Article
Partial Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models with Structural Breaks in Deterministic Terms
by Takamitsu Kurita and Bent Nielsen
Econometrics 2019, 7(4), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics7040042 - 06 Oct 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5158
Abstract
This paper proposes a class of partial cointegrated models allowing for structural breaks in the deterministic terms. Moving-average representations of the models are given. It is then shown that, under the assumption of martingale difference innovations, the limit distributions of partial quasi-likelihood ratio [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a class of partial cointegrated models allowing for structural breaks in the deterministic terms. Moving-average representations of the models are given. It is then shown that, under the assumption of martingale difference innovations, the limit distributions of partial quasi-likelihood ratio tests for cointegrating rank have a close connection to those for standard full models. This connection facilitates a response surface analysis that is required to extract critical information about moments from large-scale simulation studies. An empirical illustration of the proposed methodology is also provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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22 pages, 547 KiB  
Article
A Parametric Factor Model of the Term Structure of Mortality
by Niels Haldrup and Carsten P. T. Rosenskjold
Econometrics 2019, 7(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics7010009 - 11 Mar 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6904
Abstract
The prototypical Lee–Carter mortality model is characterized by a single common time factor that loads differently across age groups. In this paper, we propose a parametric factor model for the term structure of mortality where multiple factors are designed to influence the age [...] Read more.
The prototypical Lee–Carter mortality model is characterized by a single common time factor that loads differently across age groups. In this paper, we propose a parametric factor model for the term structure of mortality where multiple factors are designed to influence the age groups differently via parametric loading functions. We identify four different factors: a factor common for all age groups, factors for infant and adult mortality, and a factor for the “accident hump” that primarily affects mortality of relatively young adults and late teenagers. Since the factors are identified via restrictions on the loading functions, the factors are not designed to be orthogonal but can be dependent and can possibly cointegrate when the factors have unit roots. We suggest two estimation procedures similar to the estimation of the dynamic Nelson–Siegel term structure model. First, a two-step nonlinear least squares procedure based on cross-section regressions together with a separate model to estimate the dynamics of the factors. Second, we suggest a fully specified model estimated by maximum likelihood via the Kalman filter recursions after the model is put on state space form. We demonstrate the methodology for US and French mortality data. We find that the model provides a good fit of the relevant factors and, in a forecast comparison with a range of benchmark models, it is found that, especially for longer horizons, variants of the parametric factor model have excellent forecast performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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24 pages, 391 KiB  
Article
Asymptotic Theory for Cointegration Analysis When the Cointegration Rank Is Deficient
by David H. Bernstein and Bent Nielsen
Econometrics 2019, 7(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics7010006 - 18 Jan 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 8892
Abstract
We consider cointegration tests in the situation where the cointegration rank is deficient. This situation is of interest in finite sample analysis and in relation to recent work on identification robust cointegration inference. We derive asymptotic theory for tests for cointegration rank and [...] Read more.
We consider cointegration tests in the situation where the cointegration rank is deficient. This situation is of interest in finite sample analysis and in relation to recent work on identification robust cointegration inference. We derive asymptotic theory for tests for cointegration rank and for hypotheses on the cointegrating vectors. The limiting distributions are tabulated. An application to US treasury yields series is given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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10 pages, 254 KiB  
Article
Cointegration and Adjustment in the CVAR(∞) Representation of Some Partially Observed CVAR(1) Models
by Søren Johansen
Econometrics 2019, 7(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics7010002 - 10 Jan 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6230
Abstract
A multivariate CVAR(1) model for some observed variables and some unobserved variables is analysed using its infinite order CVAR representation of the observations. Cointegration and adjustment coefficients in the infinite order CVAR are found as functions of the parameters in the CVAR(1) model. [...] Read more.
A multivariate CVAR(1) model for some observed variables and some unobserved variables is analysed using its infinite order CVAR representation of the observations. Cointegration and adjustment coefficients in the infinite order CVAR are found as functions of the parameters in the CVAR(1) model. Conditions for weak exogeneity for the cointegrating vectors in the approximating finite order CVAR are derived. The results are illustrated by two simple examples of relevance for modelling causal graphs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
33 pages, 1056 KiB  
Article
The Stochastic Stationary Root Model
by Andreas Hetland
Econometrics 2018, 6(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics6030039 - 21 Aug 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6892
Abstract
We propose and study the stochastic stationary root model. The model resembles the cointegrated VAR model but is novel in that: (i) the stationary relations follow a random coefficient autoregressive process, i.e., exhibhits heavy-tailed dynamics, and (ii) the system is observed with measurement [...] Read more.
We propose and study the stochastic stationary root model. The model resembles the cointegrated VAR model but is novel in that: (i) the stationary relations follow a random coefficient autoregressive process, i.e., exhibhits heavy-tailed dynamics, and (ii) the system is observed with measurement error. Unlike the cointegrated VAR model, estimation and inference for the SSR model is complicated by a lack of closed-form expressions for the likelihood function and its derivatives. To overcome this, we introduce particle filter-based approximations of the log-likelihood function, sample score, and observed Information matrix. These enable us to approximate the ML estimator via stochastic approximation and to conduct inference via the approximated observed Information matrix. We conjecture the asymptotic properties of the ML estimator and conduct a simulation study to investigate the validity of the conjecture. Model diagnostics to assess model fit are considered. Finally, we present an empirical application to the 10-year government bond rates in Germany and Greece during the period from January 1999 to February 2018. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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14 pages, 295 KiB  
Article
The Relation between Monetary Policy and the Stock Market in Europe
by Helmut Lütkepohl and Aleksei Netšunajev
Econometrics 2018, 6(3), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics6030036 - 05 Aug 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 8954
Abstract
We use a cointegrated structural vector autoregressive model to investigate the relation between monetary policy in the euro area and the stock market. Since there may be an instantaneous causal relation, we consider long-run identifying restrictions for the structural shocks and also used [...] Read more.
We use a cointegrated structural vector autoregressive model to investigate the relation between monetary policy in the euro area and the stock market. Since there may be an instantaneous causal relation, we consider long-run identifying restrictions for the structural shocks and also used (conditional) heteroscedasticity in the residuals for identification purposes. Heteroscedasticity is modelled by a Markov-switching mechanism. We find a plausible identification scheme for stock market and monetary policy shocks which is consistent with the second-order moment structure of the variables. The model indicates that contractionary monetary policy shocks lead to a long-lasting downturn of real stock prices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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9 pages, 225 KiB  
Article
Johansen’s Reduced Rank Estimator Is GMM
by Bruce E. Hansen
Econometrics 2018, 6(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics6020026 - 18 May 2018
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 8428
Abstract
The generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator of the reduced-rank regression model is derived under the assumption of conditional homoscedasticity. It is shown that this GMM estimator is algebraically identical to the maximum likelihood estimator under normality developed by Johansen (1988). This includes [...] Read more.
The generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator of the reduced-rank regression model is derived under the assumption of conditional homoscedasticity. It is shown that this GMM estimator is algebraically identical to the maximum likelihood estimator under normality developed by Johansen (1988). This includes the vector error correction model (VECM) of Engle and Granger. It is also shown that GMM tests for reduced rank (cointegration) are algebraically similar to the Gaussian likelihood ratio tests. This shows that normality is not necessary to motivate these estimators and tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
511 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Forecasts, Narratives and Policy Using a Test of Invariance
by Jennifer L. Castle, David F. Hendry and Andrew B. Martinez
Econometrics 2017, 5(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics5030039 - 01 Sep 2017
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 8493
Abstract
Economic policy agencies produce forecasts with accompanying narratives, and base policy changes on the resulting anticipated developments in the target variables. Systematic forecast failure, defined as large, persistent deviations of the outturns from the numerical forecasts, can make the associated narrative false, which [...] Read more.
Economic policy agencies produce forecasts with accompanying narratives, and base policy changes on the resulting anticipated developments in the target variables. Systematic forecast failure, defined as large, persistent deviations of the outturns from the numerical forecasts, can make the associated narrative false, which would in turn question the validity of the entailed policy implementation. We establish when systematic forecast failure entails failure of the accompanying narrative, which we call forediction failure, and when that in turn implies policy invalidity. Most policy regime changes involve location shifts, which can induce forediction failure unless the policy variable is super exogenous in the policy model. We propose a step-indicator saturation test to check in advance for invariance to policy changes. Systematic forecast failure, or a lack of invariance, previously justified by narratives reveals such stories to be economic fiction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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Other

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1 pages, 147 KiB  
Erratum
Erratum: Hoover, K.D. 2020. The Discovery of Long-Run Causal Order: A Preliminary Investigation. Econometrics 8: 31
by Kevin D. Hoover
Econometrics 2021, 9(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics9010007 - 18 Feb 2021
Viewed by 2392
Abstract
The author would like to make the following correction to the article by Kevin D [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrated Econometricians: Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen)
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