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Biodiesel Production
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Biodiesel Production

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2019) | Viewed by 11618

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Juan A. Reyes-Labarta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Spain Science Faculty, University of Alicante, Section 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
Interests: biodisel production; heterogeneous catalysis; balance between phases in multicomponent systems; polymers; PVC

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

From my point of view, a Special Issue on “Biodiesel Production” should contemplate three different perspectives:

- Experimental research at different levels: Laboratory and pilot plants (equipment, work conditions, yields, product characterization, etc.)

- Modelling approaches (kinetics, phase equilibria, etc.) in order to be able to simulate, study and optimize production processes

- Environmental analysis through the corresponding life cycle assessment, in order to correctly characterize all the different alternatives

Thus, considering these three perspectives, this Special Issue should include the followings items:

- Review or state-of-the-art of new realistic alternatives to raw materials, including, e.g., used frying oils, lignocellulosic materials, or the possible use of microalgae, which could work also as CCU (CO2 capture and utilization technology), etc.

- Review or state-of-the-art of alternative and new chemical processes for biodiesel production, including different kinds of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.

- Review or state-of-the-art of alternative and new separation processes to increase yields in biodiesel production, or reduce the corresponding economical costs.

Prof. Dr. Juan A. Reyes-Labarta
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biodiesel production
  • Biodiesel sustainability
  • Biodiesel economics
  • Biodiesel equipment
  • Trans esterification and esterification processes
  • Biodiesel characterization
  • Biodiesel modelling
  • Reduction of CO2 emissions

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1195 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Biodiesel Fuel on Ethanol/Diesel Blends
by Nawar Al-Esawi, Mansour Al Qubeissi and Ruslana Kolodnytska
Energies 2019, 12(9), 1804; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12091804 - 12 May 2019
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 3892
Abstract
The interest in biofuels was stimulated by the fossil fuel depletion and global warming. This work focuses on the impact of biodiesel fuel on ethanol/diesel (ED) fuel blends. The soybean methyl ester was used as a representative composition of typical biodiesel fuels. The [...] Read more.
The interest in biofuels was stimulated by the fossil fuel depletion and global warming. This work focuses on the impact of biodiesel fuel on ethanol/diesel (ED) fuel blends. The soybean methyl ester was used as a representative composition of typical biodiesel fuels. The heating and evaporation of ethanol–biodiesel–diesel (EBD) blends were investigated using the Discrete–Component (DC) model. The Cetane Number (CN) of the EBD blends was predicted based on the individual hydrocarbon contributions in the mixture. The mixture viscosity was predicted using the Universal Quasi-Chemical Functional group Activity Coefficients and Viscosity (UNIFAC–VISCO) method, and the lower heating value of the mixture was predicted based on the volume fractions and density of species and blends. Results revealed that a mixture of up to 15% biodiesel, 5% ethanol, and 80% diesel fuels had led to small variations in droplet lifetime, CN, viscosity, and heating value of pure diesel, with less than 1.2%, 0.2%, 2%, and 2.2% reduction in those values, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodiesel Production)
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12 pages, 1844 KiB  
Article
Application of the Impedance Spectroscopy as a New Tool for Studying Biodiesel Fuel Aging Processes
by Krzysztof Biernat, Piotr Bocian, Paweł Bukrejewski and Krzysztof R. Noworyta
Energies 2019, 12(4), 738; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12040738 - 22 Feb 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3633
Abstract
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), which are presently the main component of biodiesel fuels, undergo relatively fast oxidation processes. This behavior prevents long term storage of this fuel. From laboratory practices, it transpires that even after a very short period of storage, the [...] Read more.
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), which are presently the main component of biodiesel fuels, undergo relatively fast oxidation processes. This behavior prevents long term storage of this fuel. From laboratory practices, it transpires that even after a very short period of storage, the oxidative stability of the biodiesel exceeds the values required by European regulations. Therefore, the goal of this work was to devise a parameter (marker) allowing for fast and convenient identification of the chemical stability of biodiesel. Moreover, we were aiming to devise a marker which can also be used for the evaluation of the chemical stability of other hydrocarbon fuels containing biocomponents. To this end, in the presented study, selected biodiesel samples were subjected to controlled aging processes in laboratory conditions at 95 °C and oxygen flow according to the norm. Then, physico-chemical parameters were selected that are critical from the point of view of the fuel practical application. Those included density, refractive index, oxidative stability and resistance to oxidation. The appropriate physico-chemical properties were measured before and after an aging process conducted for various times. Simultaneously, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were performed for all the studied samples yielding the electrical parameters of the sample, including resistance, relaxation time and capacitance. Subsequently, a correlation between the results of the EIS studies and the selected critical parameters has been established. The obtained results indicate that the resistance, relaxation time and capacitance of the studied biodiesel fuel increase with aging time. This indicates the formation of long chain compounds with increased polarity. Interestingly, the electrical parameter changes are faster at the early stages of the aging process. This suggests a change of the oxidation mechanism during prolonged aging. The devised methodology of impedimetric biodiesel testing can be proposed as a fast and inexpensive method of fuel chemical stability evaluation, allowing for estimating the useful storage time of biodiesel in real conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodiesel Production)
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13 pages, 1685 KiB  
Article
Data-Based Sensing and Stochastic Analysis of Biodiesel Production Process
by Iftikhar Ahmad, Ahsan Ayub, Uzair Ibrahim, Mansoor Khan Khattak and Manabu Kano
Energies 2019, 12(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010063 - 25 Dec 2018
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3471
Abstract
Biodiesel production is a field of outstanding prospects due to the renewable nature of its feedstock and little to no overall CO2 emissions to the environment. Data-based soft sensors are used in realizing stable and efficient operation of biodiesel production. However, the [...] Read more.
Biodiesel production is a field of outstanding prospects due to the renewable nature of its feedstock and little to no overall CO2 emissions to the environment. Data-based soft sensors are used in realizing stable and efficient operation of biodiesel production. However, the conventional data-based soft sensors cannot grasp the effect of process uncertainty on the process outcomes. In this study, a framework of data-based soft sensors was developed using ensemble learning method, i.e., boosting, for prediction of composition, quantity, and quality of product, i.e., fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), in biodiesel production process from vegetable oil. The ensemble learning method was integrated with the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method to quantify the effect of uncertainties in process variables on the target outcomes. The proposed modeling framework is highly accurate in prediction of the target outcomes and quantification of the effect of process uncertainty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodiesel Production)
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