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Fault Diagnosis on MV and HV Transmission Lines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2019) | Viewed by 17522

Special Issue Editor

Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: fault location; protection relays; electrical safety; network grounding

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, electrical energy transmission and distribution is considered a critical infrastructure in industrially developed societies, and its protection regarding safety and security threats is being more and more common. The fact that this infrastructure is geographically spread across huge areas, together with fast development of distributed energy resources (DERs), which influence the direction of power flow in both distribution and, sometimes, in transmission grids, bring difficult technological challenges for the real-time prevention, detection, and precise localization of anomalies.

This area of communications has become increasingly important and opens up new possibilities for fast and selective protection technologies with both adaptive and predictive properties.

This Special Issue aims to encourage researchers to address the solutions to overcome the issue.

Prof. Dr. Petr Toman
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fault diagnosis
  • fault location
  • fault detection algorithms
  • high impedance fault (HIF) detection
  • predictive protection algorithms
  • self-healing grids
  • adaptive protection
  • power system protection
  • power system reliability

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2875 KiB  
Article
A Voltage-Based Approach for Series High Impedance Fault Detection and Location in Distribution Systems Using Smart Meters
by Francinei L. Vieira, Pedro H. M. Santos, José M. Carvalho Filho, Roberto C. Leborgne and Marino P. Leite
Energies 2019, 12(15), 3022; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12153022 - 06 Aug 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4564
Abstract
High impedance faults (HIFs) have been a major concern for protecting distribution systems and public safety hazards when involving downed conductors. The deployment of smarter grids brings new technologies for smart monitoring, automation, and protection of distribution networks. This paper presents a new [...] Read more.
High impedance faults (HIFs) have been a major concern for protecting distribution systems and public safety hazards when involving downed conductors. The deployment of smarter grids brings new technologies for smart monitoring, automation, and protection of distribution networks. This paper presents a new method for a series of HIF detection and location in primary distribution feeders, using voltage unbalance measurements collected from smart meters (SMs) installed at low-voltage end-users. The methodology was tested in MATLAB and Simulink through steady-state simulations of a typical 13.8 kV distribution system, under load unbalance and different fault scenarios. Results show that the proposed method is robust and accurate for the detection of blown fuses and broken conductors, with or without ground faults, located either at the source or the load-side. The ease of implementation in SM design, formulation of parameters, and reliable simulation results show potential real-life applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fault Diagnosis on MV and HV Transmission Lines)
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13 pages, 1429 KiB  
Article
Towards the Text Compression Based Feature Extraction in High Impedance Fault Detection
by Tomáš Vantuch, Michal Prílepok, Jan Fulneček, Roman Hrbáč and Stanislav Mišák
Energies 2019, 12(11), 2148; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12112148 - 05 Jun 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
High impedance faults of medium voltage overhead lines with covered conductors can be identified by the presence of partial discharges. Despite it is a subject of research for more than 60 years, online partial discharges detection is always a challenge, especially in environment [...] Read more.
High impedance faults of medium voltage overhead lines with covered conductors can be identified by the presence of partial discharges. Despite it is a subject of research for more than 60 years, online partial discharges detection is always a challenge, especially in environment with heavy background noise. In this paper, a new approach for partial discharge pattern recognition is presented. All results were obtained on data, acquired from real 22 kV medium voltage overhead power line with covered conductors. The proposed method is based on a text compression algorithm and it serves as a signal similarity estimation, applied for the first time on partial discharge pattern. Its relevancy is examined by three different variations of classification model. The improvement gained on an already deployed model proves its quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fault Diagnosis on MV and HV Transmission Lines)
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17 pages, 2448 KiB  
Article
Parameter-Free Fault Location Algorithm for Distribution Network T-Type Transmission Lines
by Chengbin Wang and Zhihao Yun
Energies 2019, 12(8), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081534 - 23 Apr 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2491
Abstract
T-type transmission lines have been increasingly used in distribution networks because of the distributed generation integration, but inaccurate line parameters will cause significant error in the results of most existing fault location algorithms for this kind of line. In order to improve the [...] Read more.
T-type transmission lines have been increasingly used in distribution networks because of the distributed generation integration, but inaccurate line parameters will cause significant error in the results of most existing fault location algorithms for this kind of line. In order to improve the precision, this paper proposes a new fault location algorithm taking line parameters as unknowns. The fault is assumed to occur on each section, and corresponding ranging equations can be built based on one set of three-terminal post-fault synchronous measurements, without using line parameters as inputs. Then, more sets of measurements are utilized to increase the redundancy of equations to resist the influence of data error. The reliable trust-region algorithm is used to solve each group of equations, but only equations of the assumed faulty section with the actual fault point can give the reasonable solutions, accordingly identifying the fault point. The performance of the proposed method is thoroughly investigated with MATLAB/Simulink. The results indicate that the algorithm has a high accuracy and is basically unaffected by fault position, fault resistance, unbalanced fault type, line parameter, and data error. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fault Diagnosis on MV and HV Transmission Lines)
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14 pages, 2956 KiB  
Article
Two-Terminal Algorithm Analysis for Unsymmetrical Fault Location on 110 kV Lines
by Zuzana Bukvisova, Jaroslava Orsagova, David Topolanek and Petr Toman
Energies 2019, 12(7), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071193 - 27 Mar 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2786
Abstract
This work analyses a two-terminal algorithm designed to locate unsymmetrical faults on 110 kV power transmission lines. The algorithm processes synchronized voltage and current data obtained from both ends of the protected transmission line and calculates the distance of the fault. It is [...] Read more.
This work analyses a two-terminal algorithm designed to locate unsymmetrical faults on 110 kV power transmission lines. The algorithm processes synchronized voltage and current data obtained from both ends of the protected transmission line and calculates the distance of the fault. It is based on decomposing the equivalent circuit into the positive-, negative- and zero-sequence components and finding the point where the output voltages of the right and the left side of the transmission line are equal. Compared to the conventional distance relay locator, the accuracy of this method is higher and less influenced by the fault resistance, the parallel-operated line effect and line asymmetry, as discussed in this work. It is, however, very sensitive to the synchronization accuracy. The mathematical model of the power system was created in the PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design) environment and the computational algorithm was implemented in Mathematica software. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fault Diagnosis on MV and HV Transmission Lines)
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20 pages, 6726 KiB  
Article
Systematic Effectiveness Assessment Methodology for Fault Current Indicators Deployed in Distribution Systems
by Jen-Hao Teng, Chia-Hung Hsieh, Shang-Wen Luan, Bo-Ren Lan and Yun-Fang Li
Energies 2018, 11(10), 2582; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102582 - 27 Sep 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2203
Abstract
Fault Current Indicators (FCIs) with communication interfaces have been widely used in distribution systems to reduce fault-finding time. The effectiveness of a Fault Management System (FMS) composed of FCIs greatly depends on the performance of the communication network deployed by the FCIs and [...] Read more.
Fault Current Indicators (FCIs) with communication interfaces have been widely used in distribution systems to reduce fault-finding time. The effectiveness of a Fault Management System (FMS) composed of FCIs greatly depends on the performance of the communication network deployed by the FCIs and the failure rates of distribution systems. The conventional techniques only focus on the issues of optimal number and location of FCIs or communication network deployment individually; therefore, the effectiveness of an FMS cannot be assessed realistically. A systematic effectiveness assessment methodology for FMS considering the performance of the communication network deployed by the FCIs and the failure rates of distribution systems is vital and is investigated in this paper. A communication evaluation platform is designed in this paper and used to acquire the field measurements of communication parameters. The communication parameters, especially the Packet Success Rate (PSR), between two adjacent FCIs are measured, and the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the PSR can be built accordingly. The effectiveness of the FMS is then assessed by stochastic analysis considering the failure rates of the distribution system and PSR PDFs between two adjacent FCIs. Due to the characteristics of easy installation, maintenance, longer battery life, lower cost, and so on of ZigBee, the ZigBee-based FCI is mainly discussed in this paper. In order to efficiently find the communication route when a fault occurs, a fast communication route tracking method is also proposed in this paper and its feasibility is demonstrated in an actual distribution system. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed systematic effectiveness assessment methodology for an FMS composed of FCIs. The proposed assessment methodology can more realistically react to the actual conditions of the FMS and therefore save on installation time and costs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fault Diagnosis on MV and HV Transmission Lines)
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16 pages, 4106 KiB  
Article
A Novel Single-Terminal Fault Location Method for AC Transmission Lines in a MMC-HVDC-Based AC/DC Hybrid System
by Shimin Xue, Junchi Lu, Chong Liu, Yabing Sun, Baibing Liu and Cheng Gu
Energies 2018, 11(8), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082066 - 08 Aug 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2635
Abstract
Accurate and reliable fault location method for alternating current (AC) transmission lines is essential to the fault recovery. MMC-based converter brings exclusive non-linear characteristics to AC networks under single-phase-to-ground faults, thus influencing the performance of the fault location method. Fault characteristics are related [...] Read more.
Accurate and reliable fault location method for alternating current (AC) transmission lines is essential to the fault recovery. MMC-based converter brings exclusive non-linear characteristics to AC networks under single-phase-to-ground faults, thus influencing the performance of the fault location method. Fault characteristics are related to the control strategies of the converter. However, the existing fault location methods do not take the control strategies into account, with further study being required to solve this problem. The influence of the control strategies to the fault compound sequence network is analyzed in this paper first. Then, a unique boundary condition that the fault voltage and negative-sequence fault current merely meet the direct proportion linear relationship at the fault point, is derived. Based on these, a unary linear regression analysis is performed, and the fault can be located according to the minimum residual sum function principle. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform. A large number of simulation results are used to verify the advantages on sampling frequency, fault resistance, and fault distance. More importantly, it provides a higher ranging precision and has extensive applicability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fault Diagnosis on MV and HV Transmission Lines)
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