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Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2019) | Viewed by 33755

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Prof. Dr. Igor Kuzle

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Department of Energy and Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Unska 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: power system dynamics and control; smart grids; renewable energy systems; WAMS; maintenance of power system elements
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Prof. Dr. Tomislav Capuder

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Department of Energy and Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: electrical engineering; research and development; geographic information systems; power system analysis; project management; risk analysis
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Prof. Dr. Hrvoje Pandžić

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Department of Energy and Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: power markets, smart grid, optimization and control
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 11^th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion, held in Dubrovnik, in 2018, provided a platform for professional power engineers, technicians, researchers, scholars, computer scientists, and other industry specialists, where state-of-the-art developments in academia and industry were discussed, creating opportunities for networking and collaboration through a series of presentations, talks, discussions, and special sessions.

MEDPOWER 2018 focused on all aspects of power system operation, integration of ICT and energy systems, as well as addressed challenges in energy markets, regulation, and power system management.

Prof. Dr. Igor Kuzle
Prof. Dr. Tomislav Capuder
Prof. Dr. Hrvoje Pandžić
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Power system reliability and security
Blackout prevention, system resilience and restoration
Wide-area monitoring and control
Power system dynamics
Power system protection
Multi-energy systems
Electro-mobility
Distribution system monitoring, operation and control
Aggregation of distributed energy resources
Flexible sources at the distribution level
Power electronics and HVDC
Mathematical and computational issues in modelling and simulation
Forecasting methods
Power system planning and operation
Asset management
Very high integration of renewable energy resources
Distributed storage systems
Power system economics, energy markets and regulation
Uber like models, energy communities, microgrids
Uncertainty and risk management methods
Energy efficiency
Distribution level market
Peer to peer trading
Cyber security in power systems operation and control
ICT-driven intelligent and autonomous controls
Modelling of cyber-physical energy and communication systems
Concepts and ICT solutions for flexible prosumers
Data-driven modelling and big data management
Machine learning, statistics and computational intelligence
Geographic information systems energy system applications

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4504 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Forensic Analysis of Industrial Control Systems Using Sandboxing: A Case of WAMPAC Applications in the Power Systems

by Asif Iqbal, Farhan Mahmood and Mathias Ekstedt

Energies 2019, 12(13), 2598; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12132598 - 06 Jul 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4308

Abstract

In today’s connected world, there is a tendency of connectivity even in the sectors which conventionally have been not so connected in the past, such as power systems substations. Substations have seen considerable digitalization of the grid hence, providing much more available insights than before. This has all been possible due to connectivity, digitalization and automation of the power grids. Interestingly, this also means that anybody can access such critical infrastructures from a remote location and gone are the days of physical barriers. The power of connectivity and control makes it a much more challenging task to protect critical industrial control systems. This capability comes at a price, in this case, increasing the risk of potential cyber threats to substations. With all such potential risks, it is important that they can be traced back and attributed to any potential threats to their roots. It is extremely important for a forensic investigation to get credible evidence of any cyber-attack as required by the Daubert standard. Hence, to be able to identify and capture digital artifacts as a result of different attacks, in this paper, the authors have implemented and improvised a forensic testbed by implementing a sandboxing technique in the context of real time-hardware-in-the-loop setup. Newer experiments have been added by emulating the cyber-attacks on WAMPAC applications, and collecting and analyzing captured artifacts. Further, using sandboxing for the first time in such a setup has proven helpful. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion)

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18 pages, 5266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolutionary Multi-Objective Cost and Privacy Driven Load Morphing in Smart Electricity Grid Partition

by Miltiadis Alamaniotis and Nikolaos Gatsis

Energies 2019, 12(13), 2470; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12132470 - 26 Jun 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2769

Abstract

Utilization of digital connectivity tools is the driving force behind the transformation of the power distribution system into a smart grid. This paper places itself in the smart grid domain where consumers exploit digital connectivity to form partitions within the grid. Every partition, which is independent but connected to the grid, has a set of goals associated with the consumption of electric energy. In this work, we consider that each partition aims at morphing the initial anticipated partition consumption in order to concurrently minimize the cost of consumption and ensure the privacy of its consumers. These goals are formulated as two objectives functions, i.e., a single objective for each goal, and subsequently determining a multi-objective problem. The solution to the problem is sought via an evolutionary algorithm, and more specifically, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). NSGA-II is able to locate an optimal solution by utilizing the Pareto optimality theory. The proposed load morphing methodology is tested on a set of real-world smart meter data put together to comprise partitions of various numbers of consumers. Results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed morphing methodology as a mechanism to attain low cost and privacy for the overall grid partition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion)

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13 pages, 5404 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Measured and Calculated Data for NPP Krško CILR Test

by Štefica Vlahović, Siniša Šadek, Davor Grgić, Tomislav Fancev and Vesna Benčik

Energies 2019, 12(11), 2176; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12112176 - 07 Jun 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2498

Abstract

Containment is the last barrier for release of radioactive materials in the case of an accident in the nuclear power plant (NPP). Its overall integrity is tested during a containment integrated leak rate test (CILRT) at the design pressure, at regular intervals. Due to applied risk based licensing, the test intervals can be increased up to once in 10 years and beyond. Taking that into account it is important to prepare the test properly and to use obtained results to assess the real status of the containment. The test can be used to verify existing containment calculation models. There is a potential benefit of verified computer models usage for the explanation of some test results, too. NPP Krško has performed CILRT during the plant outage in 2016. The paper presents a comparison between measured data and results calculated using a multivolume GOTHIC (Generation Of Thermal Hydraulic Information For Containment) model. The test scenario was reproduced using limited available data up to the end of the pressurization phase. The depressurization phase is calculated by the code and measured leakage rate is implemented in the model. Taking into account the necessary adjustments in the model, overall prediction of the measured results (in terms of pressure, temperature and humidity) is very good. In the last phase of the test some non-physical behavior is noticed (without influence on overall test results), probably caused by the combination of air redistribution within the containment and influence of heat transfer to plant systems that were in the operation during the test. GOTHIC model was used to check sensitivity of the predicted pressure (leak rate) to different heat inputs and to investigate the influence that operation of only one reactor containment fan cooler (RCFC) train during pressurization can have on the mixing of air within the containment. In addition, the influence of currently used weighting factors (weighting of measured temperature, relative humidity and pressure data) on the used test methodology is investigated. The possible non-conservative direction of the influence (currently used weighting factors are giving lower leakage rate) was demonstrated and a new set of weighting factors is proposed too. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion)

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13 pages, 408 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling Phase Shifters in Power System Simulations Based on Reduced Networks

by Nuno Marinho, Yannick Phulpin, Adrien Atayi and Martin Hennebel

Energies 2019, 12(11), 2167; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12112167 - 06 Jun 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2064

Abstract

Phase shifters are becoming widespread assets operated by transmission system operators to deal with congestions and contingencies using non-costly remedial actions. The setting of these controllable devices, which impacts power flows over large areas, may vary significantly according to the operational conditions. It is thus a key challenge to model phase shifters appropriately in power system simulation. In particular, accounting for the flexibility of phase shifters in reduced network models is a vibrant issue, as system stakeholders rely more and more on reduced models to perform studies supporting operational and investment decisions. Different approaches in the literature are proposed to model phase shifters in reduced network. Nevertheless, these approaches are based on the electrical parameters of the system which are not suitable for reduced network models. To address this problem, our paper proposes a methodology and assesses the impact of this contribution in terms of accuracy of the modelling on reduced network models. The approach was applied to a realistic case-study of the European transmission network that was clustered into a reduced network consisting of 54 buses and 82 branches. The reduction was performed using classical clustering methods and represented using a static power transfer distribution factor matrix. The simulations highlight that including an explicit phase shifter transformers representation in reduced models is of interest, when comparing with the representation using only a static power transfer distribution factor matrix. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion)

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18 pages, 4815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Importance of Reliability Criterion in Power System Expansion Planning

by Goran Slipac, Mladen Zeljko and Damir Šljivac

Energies 2019, 12(9), 1714; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12091714 - 07 May 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4786

Abstract

The self-sufficiency of a power system is no longer a relevant issue at the electricity market, since day-to-day optimization and security of supply are realized at the regional or the internal electricity market. Research connected to security of supply, i.e., having reliable power capacities to meet demand, has been conducted by transmission system operators. Some of the common parameters of security of supply are loss of load probability (LOLP) and/or loss of load expectation (LOLE), which are calculated by a special algorithm. These parameters are specific for each power system. This work presents the way of calculating LOLP as well as the optimization algorithm of LOLP, which takes into consideration the particularities of the power system. It also presents a difference in the treatment of LOLP regarding the observed power system and the necessary installed power capacity if applied to the calculated LOLP in relation to the optimized LOLP. As a conclusion, the study analyzed the parameters impact the regional electricity market—where the participants are countries with different development levels and various particularities of power systems—i.e., what it means when the same LOLP criterion is applied to them and the optimized LOLP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion)

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23 pages, 2249 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making for Assessing the Enhanced Geothermal Systems

by Sara Raos, Perica Ilak, Ivan Rajšl, Tena Bilić and Ghislain Trullenque

Energies 2019, 12(9), 1597; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12091597 - 26 Apr 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4015

Abstract

This paper presents the main features of a multiple-criteria decision-making tool for economic and environmental assessment of enhanced geothermal systems projects. The presented holistic approach takes into account important influencing factors such as technical specifications, geological characteristics, spatial data, energy and heat prices, and social and environmental impact. The multiple-criteria decision-making approach uses a weighted decision matrix for evaluating different enhanced geothermal systems alternatives based on a set of criterions which are defined and presented in this paper. The paper, defines and quantifies new criterions for assessing enhanced geothermal systems for a particular site. For evaluation of the relative importance of each criterion in decision making, the weight is associated with each of the listed criterions. The different scenarios of end-use applications are tested in the case study. Finally, in the case study, the data and statistics are collected from real geothermal plants. The case study provides results for several scenarios and the sensitivity analysis based on which the approach is validated. The proposed method is expected to be of great interest to investors and decision makers as it enables better risk mitigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion)

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18 pages, 7871 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Control Strategy for a Grid Connected Converter in Active Unbalanced Distribution Systems

by Boris Dumnic, Bane Popadic, Dragan Milicevic, Nikola Vukajlovic and Marko Delimar

Energies 2019, 12(7), 1362; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071362 - 09 Apr 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2689

Abstract

The development in distributed energy resources technology has led to a significant amount of non-linear power electronics converters to be integrated in the power system. Although this leads to a more sustainable system, it also can have adverse impacts on system stability and energy power quality. More importantly, the majority of the distribution power systems currently are unbalanced (with asymmetrical voltages) due to load unbalance, while the most common fault types are unbalanced grid faults that can have many adverse effects on distributed resource operations. In that regard, proper control of the grid connected converters in active unbalanced distribution systems will become very important. This paper aims to present the behavior of the advanced grid connected converter control technique under different voltage states at the point of common coupling (according to the ABC classification). The main insufficiencies of the classical control technique will be highlighted, while the paper will propose an appropriate solution for mitigation of negative sequence currents under asymmetrical voltages at the point of common coupling. An extensive experimental verification of the proposed techniques is performed using an advanced laboratory prototype for research in grid integration of distributed resources. The experimental verification clearly demonstrates the benefits offered by the advanced control strategy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion)

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14 pages, 1486 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Forecasting Electric Vehicle Consumption Profiles

by Alexis Gerossier, Robin Girard and George Kariniotakis

Energies 2019, 12(7), 1341; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071341 - 08 Apr 2019

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 5024

Abstract

The growing number of electric vehicles (EV) is challenging the traditional distribution grid with a new set of consumption curves. We employ information from individual meters at charging stations that record the power drawn by an EV at high temporal resolution (i.e., every minute) to analyze and model charging habits. We identify five types of batteries that determine the power an EV draws from the grid and its maximal capacity. In parallel, we identify four main clusters of charging habits. Charging habit models are then used for forecasting at short and long horizons. We start by forecasting day-ahead consumption scenarios for a single EV. By summing scenarios for a fleet of EVs, we obtain probabilistic forecasts of the aggregated load, and observe that our bottom-up approach performs similarly to a machine-learning technique that directly forecasts the aggregated load. Secondly, we assess the expected impact of the additional EVs on the grid by 2030, assuming that future charging habits follow current behavior. Although the overall load logically increases, the shape of the load is marginally modified, showing that the current network seems fairly well-suited to this evolution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion)

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15 pages, 1169 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Evolution of Distribution Networks under Different Regulatory Frameworks with Multi-Agent Modelling

by Miguel Manuel de Villena, Raphael Fonteneau, Axel Gautier and Damien Ernst

Energies 2019, 12(7), 1203; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071203 - 28 Mar 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2083

Abstract

In the context of increasing decentralised electricity generation, this paper evaluates the effect of different regulatory frameworks on the evolution of distribution networks. This problem is addressed by means of agent based modelling in which the interactions between the agents of a distribution network and an environment are described. The consumers and the distribution system operator are the agents, which act in an environment that is composed by a set of rules. For a given environment, we can simulate the evolution of the distribution network by computing the actions of the agents at every time step of a discrete time dynamical system. We assume the electricity consumers are rational agents that may deploy distributed energy installations. The deployment of such installations may alter the remuneration mechanism of the distribution system operator. By modelling this mechanism, we may compute the evolution of the electricity distribution tariff in response to the deployment of distributed generation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion)

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11 pages, 1047 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preventing Internal Congestion in an Integrated European Balancing Activation Optimization

by Martin Håberg, Hanna Bood and Gerard Doorman

Energies 2019, 12(3), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030490 - 03 Feb 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2715

Abstract

New common platforms for optimization of balancing energy activation will facilitate cross-border exchange and integrate the fragmented European balancing markets. Having a zonal market structure, these platforms will optimize balancing actions as if intra-zonal transmission constraints did not exists, leaving it to each Transmission System Operator (TSO) to manage internal congestion caused by balancing energy activations. This paper describes a new method to pre-filter balancing bids likely to cause internal congestion due to their location. Furthermore, the complementary concept of exchange domains has been developed to prevent congested and infeasible balancing situations. A numerical example illustrates both the effectiveness and limitations of each method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MEDPOWER 2018—the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion)

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