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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2017) | Viewed by 25377

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Prof. Dr. Michael Negnevitsky

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School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 65 Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
Interests: power engineering; renewable and distributed generation; smart grids; computational intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Distributed generation (DG) can be defined as any small-scale power generation technology located close to a consumer, either for reducing reliance on the power grid or for feeding the power directly into the grid. It may also be used to support the performance of weak transmission and distribution systems. Generators in the DG system can include both renewable and non-renewable energy resources. A system with DG has greater load carrying capacity and can correct for poor voltage profile, especially needed in rural areas and during peak hours. Given the current worldwide renewable energy initiatives and reluctance of most governments to invest in construction of new power generating plants, DG is becoming an attractive energy option with a reasonable investment potential. This Special Issue has a particular focus on topics related to smart grids, hybrid power systems with high renewable energy penetration, wind and solar power plant modeling and control, practical experience within high renewable energy penetration systems, and market design and operation.

Prof. Michael Negnevitsky
Guest Editor

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Keywords

distributed generation
high renewable energy penetration
smart grids
hybrid power systems
practical experience
market design and operation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2409 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

PV Hosting Capacity Dependence on Harmonic Voltage Distortion in Low-Voltage Grids: Model Validation with Experimental Data

by Tiago E. C. de Oliveira, Pedro M. S. Carvalho, Paulo F. Ribeiro and Benedito D. Bonatto

Energies 2018, 11(2), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11020465 - 23 Feb 2018

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 5269

Abstract

This paper introduces a brief analysis on hosting capacity and related concepts as applied to distribution network systems. Furthermore, it addresses the applicability of hosting capacity study methodologies to harmonic voltage distortion caused by photovoltaic panels (PV) connected at a low-voltage (LV) side of a university campus grid. The analysis of the penetration of new distributed generation technologies, such as PV panels, in the distribution grid of the campus was carried out via measurement processes, and later by computer simulations analyzing a new concept of the hosting capacity approach in relation to voltage harmonics distortion. The voltage rise due to harmonic injection is analyzed and discussed with the aim of validating the discussed model and also putting forward recommendations for connecting PV generation across other network systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed and Renewable Power Generation)

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3784 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coordinated Control of Wind Turbine and Energy Storage System for Reducing Wind Power Fluctuation

by Chunghun Kim, Eduard Muljadi and Chung Choo Chung

Energies 2018, 11(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11010052 - 27 Dec 2017

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5302

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for the coordinated control of a wind turbine and an energy storage system (ESS). Because wind power (WP) is highly dependent on wind speed, which is variable, severe stability problems can be caused in power systems, especially when the WP has a high penetration level. To solve this problem, many power generation corporations or grid operators have begun using ESSs. An ESS has very quick response and good performance for reducing the impact of WP fluctuation; however, its installation cost is high. Therefore, it is important to design the control algorithm by considering both the ESS capacity and WP fluctuation. Thus, we propose a control algorithm to mitigate the WP fluctuation by using the coordinated control between the wind turbine and the ESS by considering the ESS capacity and the WP fluctuation. Using de-loaded control, according to the WP fluctuation and ESS capacity, we can expand the ESS lifespan and improve grid reliability by avoiding the extreme value of state of charge (SoC) (i.e., 0 or 1 pu). The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated via MATLAB/Simulink by considering a small power system that includes both a wind turbine generator and conventional generators that react to system frequency deviation. We found that the proposed method has better performance in SoC management, thereby improving the frequency regulation by mitigating the impact of the WP fluctuation on the small power system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed and Renewable Power Generation)

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1126 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis of Natural Gas-Based Distributed Generation Projects in China

by Hansi Liu, Sheng Zhou, Tianduo Peng and Xunmin Ou

Energies 2017, 10(10), 1515; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101515 - 01 Oct 2017

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6663

Abstract

In this paper, we used the life-cycle analysis (LCA) method to evaluate the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of natural gas (NG) distributed generation (DG) projects in China. We took the China Resources Snow Breweries (CRSB) NG DG project in Sichuan province of China as a base scenario and compared its life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions performance against five further scenarios. We found the CRSB DG project (all energy input is NG) can reduce GHG emissions by 22%, but increase energy consumption by 12% relative to the scenario, using coal combined with grid electricity as an energy input. The LCA also indicated that the CRSB project can save 24% of energy and reduce GHG emissions by 48% relative to the all-coal scenario. The studied NG-based DG project presents major GHG emissions reduction advantages over the traditional centralized energy system. Moreover, this reduction of energy consumption and GHG emissions can be expanded if the extra electricity from the DG project can be supplied to the public grid. The action of combining renewable energy into the NG DG system can also strengthen the dual merit of energy conservation and GHG emissions reduction. The marginal CO₂ abatement cost of the studied project is about 51 USD/ton CO₂ equivalent, which is relatively low. Policymakers are recommended to support NG DG technology development and application in China and globally to boost NG utilization and control GHG emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed and Renewable Power Generation)

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1693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Scatter Search Heuristic for the Optimal Location, Sizing and Contract Pricing of Distributed Generation in Electric Distribution Systems

by Andrés Felipe Pérez Posada, Juan G. Villegas and Jesús M. López-Lezama

Energies 2017, 10(10), 1449; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101449 - 21 Sep 2017

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3515

Abstract

In this paper we present a scatter search (SS) heuristic for the optimal location, sizing and contract pricing of distributed generation (DG) in electric distribution systems. The proposed optimization approach considers the interaction of two agents: (i) the potential investor and owner of the DG, and (ii) the Distribution Company (DisCo) in charge of the operation of the network. The DG owner seeks to maximize his profits from selling energy to the DisCo, while the DisCo aims at minimizing the cost of serving the network demand, while meeting network constraints. To serve the expected demand the DisCo is able to purchase energy, through long-term bilateral contracts, from the wholesale electricity market and from the DG units within the network. The interaction of both agents leads to a bilevel programming problem that we solve through a SS heuristic. Computational experiments show that SS outperforms a genetic algorithm hybridized with local search both in terms of solution quality and computational time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed and Renewable Power Generation)

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4409 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Methodology for Determining Permissible Operating Region of Power Systems According to Conditions of Static Stability Limit

by Van Duong Ngo, Dinh Duong Le, Kim Hung Le, Van Kien Pham and Alberto Berizzi

Energies 2017, 10(8), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10081163 - 17 Aug 2017

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3735

Abstract

For power systems with long-distance ultra-high-voltage (UHV) transmission lines, power transmission limits are often determined by static stability limits. Therefore, the assessment of stability and finding solutions to improve the stability reserve are essential for the operation of the system. This article presents an analytical approach to construct limit characteristics according to static stability conditions on a power plane. Based on the approach proposed, a program is developed and tested on a system with long-distance UHV transmission lines, showing a good performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed and Renewable Power Generation)

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