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Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives
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Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2018) | Viewed by 192482

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jan Walleczek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Phenoscience Laboratories, Novalisstrasse 11, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Interests: quantum ontology; nonlocal information; effective non-signalling; experimenter free will; quantum complexity; non-equilibrium systems
Dr. Gerhard Grössing

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Austrian Institute for Nonlinear Studies, Akademiehof, Friedrichstrasse 10, 1010 Vienna, Austria
Interests: analytic quantum modeling; nonlinear sub-quantum dynamics; computer simulations; non-signalling and special relativity
Dr. Paavo Pylkkänen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Philosophy, History, Culture and Art Studies, P.O. Box 24 (Unioninkatu 40 A), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Interests: Bohmian quantum information; quantum ontology and causality; physics of the conscious agent
Prof. Dr. Basil Hiley

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Emeritus Professor at Birkbeck, London University and Honorary Research Associate in the Department of Physics, University College of London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Interests: foundations of quantum theory and general relativity; algebraic approach to quantum phenomena; orthogonal and symplectic Clifford algebras

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emergent quantum mechanics (EmQM) is a research program that explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in realist approaches to quantum mechanics, including deterministic and indeterministic ones, challenges the standard textbook view. For example, standard “no-go” theorems against the possibility of realist, i.e., ontologically-grounded, quantum mechanics are increasingly recognized as falling short of their stated aim. Recent work also indicates that traditional assumptions and theorems such as nonlocality, contextuality, free choice, and non-signalling, need not necessarily contradict the existence of certain quantum ontologies.

On the occasion of David Bohm’s 100th birthday, a symposium on emergent quantum mechanics will be held at the University of London, Senate House, on October 26–28, 2017 (www.emqm17.org). This Special Issue features expert views that critically evaluate the prospects and significance—for 21st century physics—of ontological quantum mechanics, an approach which David Bohm helped pioneer. In original de Broglie-Bohm theory, the mathematical formalism refers to hypothetical ontic elements (e.g., John Bell’s “beables”) such as the quantum potential. In the 21st century, realist quantum approaches often distinguish between ψ-epistemic and ψ-ontic ontological quantum theories. Unlike ψ-ontic theories, the ψ-epistemic theories do not view the wave function ψ as a state of reality. Nevertheless, both types of approaches posit—again—the possibility of an ontological foundation for quantum mechanics.

Twenty-five years ago, David Bohm and Basil Hiley pointed out, in the book “The Undivided Universe”, the close resemblance between key properties of deterministic, hidden-variable, pilot-wave theory and emergence theory, i.e., the theory describing the emergent formation of ordered (i.e., negentropic) states in nonlinear, self-organizing systems, such as deterministic chaos. The notion of ‘emergence’, when applied in the context of an EmQM, often entails two meanings: (1) theory emergence, or (2) physical emergence. Theory emergence describes the idea that the results of orthodox quantum theory might be derived from a more general, deeper-level (sub-)quantum theory. More specifically, the notion of ‘physical emergence’ in quantum systems holds that the orthodox quantum view is neither complete nor fundamental but that an as-yet unknown (sub-) quantum ontology might exist. Consequently, essential questions directing the EmQM research agenda are: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a new form of “quantum causality”?  

This Special Issue explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The focus is the search for a "deeper-level"  theory for quantum mechanics that interconnects three fields of knowledge: emergence, the quantum, and information. Contributions will be featured that present current advances in realist approaches to quantum mechanics, including new experiments, work in quantum foundations, and the physics of the quantum observer and the conscious experimenter agent.

Topics of the Special Issue:

  • Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics 
  • Nonlocality and Violation of Bell Inequalities
  • Quantum Probabilities and Contextuality
  • Quantum Causality and Ontology
  • Information Measures in Quantum Theory
  • Quantum Observation and the Physics of the Experimenter Agent
  • Nonlinear Methods applied to Quantum Theory
  • Self-organization and Quantum Emergence
  • Hidden Variable Theories and Relativity
  • Emergent Space-time 

Dr. Jan Walleczek
Dr. Gerhard Grössing
Dr. Paavo Pylkkänen
Dr. Basil Hiley
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Editorial

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8 pages, 211 KiB  
Editorial
Emergent Quantum Mechanics: David Bohm Centennial Perspectives
by Jan Walleczek, Gerhard Grössing, Paavo Pylkkänen and Basil Hiley
Entropy 2019, 21(2), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/e21020113 - 26 Jan 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6539
Abstract
Emergent quantum mechanics (EmQM) explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in realist approaches to quantum mechanics challenges the standard textbook view, which represents an operationalist approach. The possibility of an ontological, i.e., realist, quantum mechanics was [...] Read more.
Emergent quantum mechanics (EmQM) explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in realist approaches to quantum mechanics challenges the standard textbook view, which represents an operationalist approach. The possibility of an ontological, i.e., realist, quantum mechanics was first introduced with the original de Broglie–Bohm theory, which has also been developed in another context as Bohmian mechanics. This Editorial introduces a Special Issue featuring contributions which were invited as part of the David Bohm Centennial symposium of the EmQM conference series (www.emqm17.org). Questions directing the EmQM research agenda are: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a form of quantum causality or quantum ontology? What is the role of the experimenter agent in ontological quantum mechanics? The Special Issue also includes research examining ontological propositions that are not based on the Bohm-type nonlocality. These include, for example, local, yet time-symmetric, ontologies, such as quantum models based upon retrocausality. This Editorial provides topical overviews of thirty-one contributions which are organized into seven categories to provide orientation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

23 pages, 1170 KiB  
Article
Agent Inaccessibility as a Fundamental Principle in Quantum Mechanics: Objective Unpredictability and Formal Uncomputability
by Jan Walleczek
Entropy 2019, 21(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010004 - 21 Dec 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6957
Abstract
The inaccessibility to the experimenter agent of the complete quantum state is well-known. However, decisive answers are still missing for the following question: What underpins and governs the physics of agent inaccessibility? Specifically, how does nature prevent the agent from accessing, predicting, and [...] Read more.
The inaccessibility to the experimenter agent of the complete quantum state is well-known. However, decisive answers are still missing for the following question: What underpins and governs the physics of agent inaccessibility? Specifically, how does nature prevent the agent from accessing, predicting, and controlling, individual quantum measurement outcomes? The orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics employs the metaphysical assumption of indeterminism—‘intrinsic randomness’—as an axiomatic, in-principle limit on agent–quantum access. By contrast, ontological and deterministic interpretations of quantum mechanics typically adopt an operational, in-practice limit on agent access and knowledge—‘effective ignorance’. The present work considers a third option—‘objective ignorance’: an in-principle limit for ontological quantum mechanics based upon self-referential dynamics, including undecidable dynamics and dynamical chaos, employing uncomputability as a formal limit. Given a typical quantum random sequence, no formal proof is available for the truth of quantum indeterminism, whereas a formal proof for the uncomputability of the quantum random sequence—as a fundamental limit on agent access ensuring objective unpredictability—is a plausible option. This forms the basis of the present proposal for an agent-inaccessibility principle in quantum mechanics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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32 pages, 3206 KiB  
Article
Bouncing Oil Droplets, de Broglie’s Quantum Thermostat, and Convergence to Equilibrium
by Mohamed Hatifi, Ralph Willox, Samuel Colin and Thomas Durt
Entropy 2018, 20(10), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100780 - 11 Oct 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5722
Abstract
Recently, the properties of bouncing oil droplets, also known as “walkers,” have attracted much attention because they are thought to offer a gateway to a better understanding of quantum behavior. They indeed constitute a macroscopic realization of wave-particle duality, in the sense that [...] Read more.
Recently, the properties of bouncing oil droplets, also known as “walkers,” have attracted much attention because they are thought to offer a gateway to a better understanding of quantum behavior. They indeed constitute a macroscopic realization of wave-particle duality, in the sense that their trajectories are guided by a self-generated surrounding wave. The aim of this paper is to try to describe walker phenomenology in terms of de Broglie–Bohm dynamics and of a stochastic version thereof. In particular, we first study how a stochastic modification of the de Broglie pilot-wave theory, à la Nelson, affects the process of relaxation to quantum equilibrium, and we prove an H-theorem for the relaxation to quantum equilibrium under Nelson-type dynamics. We then compare the onset of equilibrium in the stochastic and the de Broglie–Bohm approaches and we propose some simple experiments by which one can test the applicability of our theory to the context of bouncing oil droplets. Finally, we compare our theory to actual observations of walker behavior in a 2D harmonic potential well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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18 pages, 1391 KiB  
Article
Nonlocality in Bell’s Theorem, in Bohm’s Theory, and in Many Interacting Worlds Theorising
by Mojtaba Ghadimi, Michael J. W. Hall and Howard M. Wiseman
Entropy 2018, 20(8), 567; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20080567 - 30 Jul 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4757
Abstract
“Locality” is a fraught word, even within the restricted context of Bell’s theorem. As one of us has argued elsewhere, that is partly because Bell himself used the word with different meanings at different stages in his career. The original, weaker, meaning for [...] Read more.
“Locality” is a fraught word, even within the restricted context of Bell’s theorem. As one of us has argued elsewhere, that is partly because Bell himself used the word with different meanings at different stages in his career. The original, weaker, meaning for locality was in his 1964 theorem: that the choice of setting by one party could never affect the outcome of a measurement performed by a distant second party. The epitome of a quantum theory violating this weak notion of locality (and hence exhibiting a strong form of nonlocality) is Bohmian mechanics. Recently, a new approach to quantum mechanics, inspired by Bohmian mechanics, has been proposed: Many Interacting Worlds. While it is conceptually clear how the interaction between worlds can enable this strong nonlocality, technical problems in the theory have thus far prevented a proof by simulation. Here we report significant progress in tackling one of the most basic difficulties that needs to be overcome: correctly modelling wavefunctions with nodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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12 pages, 12688 KiB  
Article
A Method for Measuring the Weak Value of Spin for Metastable Atoms
by Robert Flack, Vincenzo Monachello, Basil Hiley and Peter Barker
Entropy 2018, 20(8), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20080566 - 30 Jul 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4323
Abstract
A method for measuring the weak value of spin for atoms is proposed using a variant of the original Stern–Gerlach apparatus. A full simulation of an experiment for observing the real part of the weak value using the impulsive approximation has been carried [...] Read more.
A method for measuring the weak value of spin for atoms is proposed using a variant of the original Stern–Gerlach apparatus. A full simulation of an experiment for observing the real part of the weak value using the impulsive approximation has been carried out. Our predictions show a displacement of the beam of helium atoms in the metastable 23S1 state, Δw, that is within the resolution of conventional microchannel plate detectors indicating that this type of experiment is feasible. Our analysis also determines the experimental parameters that will give an accurate determination of the weak value of spin. Preliminary experimental results are shown for helium, neon and argon in the 23S1 and 3P2 metastable states, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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11 pages, 849 KiB  
Article
When Photons Are Lying about Where They Have Been
by Lev Vaidman and Izumi Tsutsui
Entropy 2018, 20(7), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20070538 - 19 Jul 2018
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5238
Abstract
The history of photons in a nested Mach–Zehnder interferometer with an inserted Dove prism is analyzed. It is argued that the Dove prism does not change the past of the photon. Alonso and Jordan correctly point out that an experiment by Danan et [...] Read more.
The history of photons in a nested Mach–Zehnder interferometer with an inserted Dove prism is analyzed. It is argued that the Dove prism does not change the past of the photon. Alonso and Jordan correctly point out that an experiment by Danan et al. demonstrating the past of the photon in a nested interferometer will show different results when the Dove prism is inserted. The reason, however, is not that the past is changed, but that the experimental demonstration becomes incorrect. The explanation of a signal from the place in which the photon was (almost) not present is given. Bohmian trajectory of the photon is specified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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9 pages, 1641 KiB  
Article
A Quantum Ruler for Magnetic Deflectometry
by Lukas Mairhofer, Sandra Eibenberger, Armin Shayeghi and Markus Arndt
Entropy 2018, 20(7), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20070516 - 09 Jul 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6394
Abstract
Matter-wave near-field interference can imprint a nano-scale fringe pattern onto a molecular beam, which allows observing its shifts in the presence of even very small external forces. Here we demonstrate quantum interference of the pre-vitamin 7-dehydrocholesterol and discuss the conceptual challenges of magnetic [...] Read more.
Matter-wave near-field interference can imprint a nano-scale fringe pattern onto a molecular beam, which allows observing its shifts in the presence of even very small external forces. Here we demonstrate quantum interference of the pre-vitamin 7-dehydrocholesterol and discuss the conceptual challenges of magnetic deflectometry in a near-field interferometer as a tool to explore photochemical processes within molecules whose center of mass is quantum delocalized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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8 pages, 249 KiB  
Article
The Symplectic Camel and Poincaré Superrecurrence: Open Problems
by Maurice A. de Gosson
Entropy 2018, 20(7), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20070499 - 28 Jun 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5227
Abstract
Poincaré’s Recurrence Theorem implies that any isolated Hamiltonian system evolving in a bounded Universe returns infinitely many times arbitrarily close to its initial phase space configuration. We discuss this and related recurrence properties from the point of view of recent advances in symplectic [...] Read more.
Poincaré’s Recurrence Theorem implies that any isolated Hamiltonian system evolving in a bounded Universe returns infinitely many times arbitrarily close to its initial phase space configuration. We discuss this and related recurrence properties from the point of view of recent advances in symplectic topology which have not yet reached the Physics community. These properties are closely related to Emergent Quantum Mechanics since they belong to a twilight zone between classical (Hamiltonian) mechanics and its quantization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
5 pages, 5323 KiB  
Article
Fundamental Irreversibility: Planckian or Schrödinger–Newton?
by Lajos Diósi
Entropy 2018, 20(7), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20070496 - 27 Jun 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3755
Abstract
The concept of universal gravity-related irreversibility began in quantum cosmology. The ultimate reason for universal irreversibility is thought to come from black holes close to the Planck scale. Quantum state reductions, unrelated to gravity or relativity but related to measurement devices, are completely [...] Read more.
The concept of universal gravity-related irreversibility began in quantum cosmology. The ultimate reason for universal irreversibility is thought to come from black holes close to the Planck scale. Quantum state reductions, unrelated to gravity or relativity but related to measurement devices, are completely different instances of irreversibilities. However, an intricate relationship between Newton gravity and quantized matter might result in fundamental and spontaneous quantum state reduction—in the non-relativistic Schrödinger–Newton context. The above two concepts of fundamental irreversibility emerged and evolved with few or even no interactions. The purpose here is to draw a parallel between the two approaches first, and to ask rather than answer the question: can both the Planckian and the Schrödinger–Newton indeterminacies/irreversibilities be two faces of the same universe. A related personal note of the author’s 1986 meeting with Aharonov and Bohm is appended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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13 pages, 224 KiB  
Article
The Philosophical and Scientific Metaphysics of David Bohm
by William Seager
Entropy 2018, 20(7), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20070493 - 26 Jun 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 10927
Abstract
Although David Bohm’s interpretation of quantum mechanics is sometimes thought to be a kind of regression towards classical thinking, it is in fact an extremely radical metaphysics of nature. The view goes far beyond the familiar but perennially peculiar non-locality and entanglement of [...] Read more.
Although David Bohm’s interpretation of quantum mechanics is sometimes thought to be a kind of regression towards classical thinking, it is in fact an extremely radical metaphysics of nature. The view goes far beyond the familiar but perennially peculiar non-locality and entanglement of quantum systems. In this paper, a philosophical exploration, I examine three core features of Bohm’s metaphysical views, which have been both supported by features of quantum mechanics and integrated into a comprehensive system. These are the holistic nature of the world, the role of a unique kind of information as the ontological basis of the world, and the integration of mentality into this basis as an essential and irreducible aspect of it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
27 pages, 1969 KiB  
Article
Analytical and Numerical Treatments of Conservative Diffusions and the Burgers Equation
by Dimiter Prodanov
Entropy 2018, 20(7), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20070492 - 25 Jun 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3847
Abstract
The present work is concerned with the study of a generalized Langevin equation and its link to the physical theories of statistical mechanics and scale relativity. It is demonstrated that the form of the coefficients of the Langevin equation depends critically on the [...] Read more.
The present work is concerned with the study of a generalized Langevin equation and its link to the physical theories of statistical mechanics and scale relativity. It is demonstrated that the form of the coefficients of the Langevin equation depends critically on the assumption of continuity of the reconstructed trajectory. This in turn demands for the fluctuations of the diffusion term to be discontinuous in time. This paper further investigates the connection between the scale-relativistic and stochastic mechanics approaches, respectively, with the study of the Burgers equation, which in this case appears as a stochastic geodesic equation for the drift. By further demanding time reversibility of the drift, the Langevin equation can also describe equivalent quantum-mechanical systems in a path-wise manner. The resulting statistical description obeys the Fokker–Planck equation of the probability density of the differential system, which can be readily estimated from simulations of the random paths. Based on the Fokker–Planck formalism, a new derivation of the transient probability densities is presented. Finally, stochastic simulations are compared to the theoretical results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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25 pages, 322 KiB  
Article
Non-Commutative Worlds and Classical Constraints
by Louis H. Kauffman
Entropy 2018, 20(7), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20070483 - 21 Jun 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4122
Abstract
This paper reviews results about discrete physics and non-commutative worlds and explores further the structure and consequences of constraints linking classical calculus and discrete calculus formulated via commutators. In particular, we review how the formalism of generalized non-commutative electromagnetism follows from a first [...] Read more.
This paper reviews results about discrete physics and non-commutative worlds and explores further the structure and consequences of constraints linking classical calculus and discrete calculus formulated via commutators. In particular, we review how the formalism of generalized non-commutative electromagnetism follows from a first order constraint and how, via the Kilmister equation, relationships with general relativity follow from a second order constraint. It is remarkable that a second order constraint, based on interlacing the commutative and non-commutative worlds, leads to an equivalent tensor equation at the pole of geodesic coordinates for general relativity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
17 pages, 455 KiB  
Article
On Ontological Alternatives to Bohmian Mechanics
by Thomas Filk
Entropy 2018, 20(6), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060474 - 19 Jun 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5279
Abstract
The article describes an interpretation of the mathematical formalism of standard quantum mechanics in terms of relations. In particular, the wave function ψ(x) is interpreted as a complex-valued relation between an entity (often called “particle”) and a second entity x [...] Read more.
The article describes an interpretation of the mathematical formalism of standard quantum mechanics in terms of relations. In particular, the wave function ψ(x) is interpreted as a complex-valued relation between an entity (often called “particle”) and a second entity x (often called “spatial point”). Such complex-valued relations can also be formulated for classical physical systems. Entanglement is interpreted as a relation between two entities (particles or properties of particles). Such relations define the concept of “being next to each other”, which implies that entangled entities are close to each other, even though they might appear to be far away with respect to a classical background space. However, when space is also considered to be a network of relations (of which the classical background space is a large-scale continuum limit), such nearest neighbor configurations are possible. The measurement problem is discussed from the perspective of this interpretation. It should be emphasized that this interpretation is not meant to be a serious attempt to describe the ontology of our world, but its purpose is to make it obvious that, besides Bohmian mechanics, presumably many other ontological interpretations of quantum theory exist. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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21 pages, 476 KiB  
Article
Ontological Clarity via Canonical Presentation: Electromagnetism and the Aharonov–Bohm Effect
by Tim Maudlin
Entropy 2018, 20(6), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060465 - 14 Jun 2018
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 7410
Abstract
Quantum physics demands some radical revision of our fundamental beliefs about physical reality. We know that because there are certain verified physical phenomena—two-slit interference, the disappearance of interference upon monitoring, violations of Bell’s inequality—that have no classical analogs. But the exact nature of [...] Read more.
Quantum physics demands some radical revision of our fundamental beliefs about physical reality. We know that because there are certain verified physical phenomena—two-slit interference, the disappearance of interference upon monitoring, violations of Bell’s inequality—that have no classical analogs. But the exact nature of that revision has been under dispute since the foundation of quantum theory. I offer a method of clarifying what the commitments of a clearly formulated physical theory are, and apply it to a discussion of some options available to account for another non-classical phenomenon: the Aharonov–Bohm effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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16 pages, 532 KiB  
Article
On Bohmian Mechanics, Particle Creation, and Relativistic Space-Time: Happy 100th Birthday, David Bohm!
by Roderich Tumulka
Entropy 2018, 20(6), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060462 - 14 Jun 2018
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 9701
Abstract
The biggest and most lasting among David Bohm’s (1917–1992) many achievements is to have proposed a picture of reality that explains the empirical rules of quantum mechanics. This picture, known as pilot wave theory or Bohmian mechanics among other names, is still the [...] Read more.
The biggest and most lasting among David Bohm’s (1917–1992) many achievements is to have proposed a picture of reality that explains the empirical rules of quantum mechanics. This picture, known as pilot wave theory or Bohmian mechanics among other names, is still the simplest and most convincing explanation available. According to this theory, electrons are point particles in the literal sense and move along trajectories governed by Bohm’s equation of motion. In this paper, I describe some more recent developments and extensions of Bohmian mechanics, concerning in particular relativistic space-time and particle creation and annihilation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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14 pages, 1163 KiB  
Article
Vacuum Landscaping: Cause of Nonlocal Influences without Signaling
by Gerhard Grössing, Siegfried Fussy, Johannes Mesa Pascasio and Herbert Schwabl
Entropy 2018, 20(6), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060458 - 13 Jun 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6533
Abstract
In the quest for an understanding of nonlocality with respect to an appropriate ontology, we propose a “cosmological solution”. We assume that from the beginning of the universe each point in space has been the location of a scalar field representing a zero-point [...] Read more.
In the quest for an understanding of nonlocality with respect to an appropriate ontology, we propose a “cosmological solution”. We assume that from the beginning of the universe each point in space has been the location of a scalar field representing a zero-point vacuum energy that nonlocally vibrates at a vast range of different frequencies across the whole universe. A quantum, then, is a nonequilibrium steady state in the form of a “bouncer” coupled resonantly to one of those (particle type dependent) frequencies, in remote analogy to the bouncing oil drops on an oscillating oil bath as in Couder’s experiments. A major difference to the latter analogy is given by the nonlocal nature of the vacuum oscillations. We show with the examples of double- and n-slit interference that the assumed nonlocality of the distribution functions alone suffices to derive the de Broglie–Bohm guiding equation for N particles with otherwise purely classical means. In our model, no influences from configuration space are required, as everything can be described in 3-space. Importantly, the setting up of an experimental arrangement limits and shapes the forward and osmotic contributions and is described as vacuum landscaping. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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28 pages, 2259 KiB  
Article
Atom-Diffraction from Surfaces with Defects: A Fermatian, Newtonian and Bohmian Joint View
by Ángel S. Sanz
Entropy 2018, 20(6), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060451 - 09 Jun 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3978
Abstract
Bohmian mechanics, widely known within the field of the quantum foundations, has been a quite useful resource for computational and interpretive purposes in a wide variety of practical problems. Here, it is used to establish a comparative analysis at different levels of approximation [...] Read more.
Bohmian mechanics, widely known within the field of the quantum foundations, has been a quite useful resource for computational and interpretive purposes in a wide variety of practical problems. Here, it is used to establish a comparative analysis at different levels of approximation in the problem of the diffraction of helium atoms from a substrate consisting of a defect with axial symmetry on top of a flat surface. The motivation behind this work is to determine which aspects of one level survive in the next level of refinement and, therefore, to get a better idea of what we usually denote as quantum-classical correspondence. To this end, first a quantum treatment of the problem is performed with both an approximated hard-wall model and then with a realistic interaction potential model. The interpretation and explanation of the features displayed by the corresponding diffraction intensity patterns is then revisited with a series of trajectory-based approaches: Fermatian trajectories (optical rays), Newtonian trajectories and Bohmian trajectories. As it is seen, while Fermatian and Newtonian trajectories show some similarities, Bohmian trajectories behave quite differently due to their implicit non-classicality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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23 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
Quantum Thermodynamics at Strong Coupling: Operator Thermodynamic Functions and Relations
by Jen-Tsung Hsiang and Bei-Lok Hu
Entropy 2018, 20(6), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060423 - 31 May 2018
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5044
Abstract
Identifying or constructing a fine-grained microscopic theory that will emerge under specific conditions to a known macroscopic theory is always a formidable challenge. Thermodynamics is perhaps one of the most powerful theories and best understood examples of emergence in physical sciences, which can [...] Read more.
Identifying or constructing a fine-grained microscopic theory that will emerge under specific conditions to a known macroscopic theory is always a formidable challenge. Thermodynamics is perhaps one of the most powerful theories and best understood examples of emergence in physical sciences, which can be used for understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of emergent processes, both in terms of emergent structures and the emergent laws governing the effective or collective variables. Viewing quantum mechanics as an emergent theory requires a better understanding of all this. In this work we aim at a very modest goal, not quantum mechanics as thermodynamics, not yet, but the thermodynamics of quantum systems, or quantum thermodynamics. We will show why even with this minimal demand, there are many new issues which need be addressed and new rules formulated. The thermodynamics of small quantum many-body systems strongly coupled to a heat bath at low temperatures with non-Markovian behavior contains elements, such as quantum coherence, correlations, entanglement and fluctuations, that are not well recognized in traditional thermodynamics, built on large systems vanishingly weakly coupled to a non-dynamical reservoir. For quantum thermodynamics at strong coupling, one needs to reexamine the meaning of the thermodynamic functions, the viability of the thermodynamic relations and the validity of the thermodynamic laws anew. After a brief motivation, this paper starts with a short overview of the quantum formulation based on Gelin & Thoss and Seifert. We then provide a quantum formulation of Jarzynski’s two representations. We show how to construct the operator thermodynamic potentials, the expectation values of which provide the familiar thermodynamic variables. Constructing the operator thermodynamic functions and verifying or modifying their relations is a necessary first step in the establishment of a viable thermodynamics theory for quantum systems. We mention noteworthy subtleties for quantum thermodynamics at strong coupling, such as in issues related to energy and entropy, and possible ambiguities of their operator forms. We end by indicating some fruitful pathways for further developments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
26 pages, 24225 KiB  
Article
On the Explanation of Born-Rule Statistics in the de Broglie-Bohm Pilot-Wave Theory
by Travis Norsen
Entropy 2018, 20(6), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060422 - 31 May 2018
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6495
Abstract
The de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave theory promises not only a realistic description of the microscopic world (in particular, a description in which observers and observation play no fundamental role) but also the ability to derive and explain aspects of the quantum formalism that are, [...] Read more.
The de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave theory promises not only a realistic description of the microscopic world (in particular, a description in which observers and observation play no fundamental role) but also the ability to derive and explain aspects of the quantum formalism that are, instead, (awkwardly and problematically) postulated in orthodox versions of quantum theory. Chief among these are the various “measurement axioms” and in particular the Born rule expressing the probability distribution of measurement outcomes. Compared to other candidate non-orthodox quantum theories, the pilot-wave theory suffers from something of an embarrassment of riches in regard to explaining the Born rule statistics, in the sense that there exist, in the literature, not just one but two rather compelling proposed explanations. This paper is an attempt to critically review and clarify these two competing arguments. We summarize both arguments and also survey some objections that have been given against them. In the end, we suggest that there is somewhat less conflict between the two approaches than existing polemics might suggest, and that indeed elements from both arguments may be combined to provide a unified and fully-compelling explanation, from the postulated dynamical first principles, of the Born rule. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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16 pages, 627 KiB  
Article
A New Class of Retrocausal Models
by Ken Wharton
Entropy 2018, 20(6), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060410 - 26 May 2018
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5953
Abstract
Globally-constrained classical fields provide a unexplored framework for modeling quantum phenomena, including apparent particle-like behavior. By allowing controllable constraints on unknown past fields, these models are retrocausal but not retro-signaling, respecting the conventional block universe viewpoint of classical spacetime. Several example models are [...] Read more.
Globally-constrained classical fields provide a unexplored framework for modeling quantum phenomena, including apparent particle-like behavior. By allowing controllable constraints on unknown past fields, these models are retrocausal but not retro-signaling, respecting the conventional block universe viewpoint of classical spacetime. Several example models are developed that resolve the most essential problems with using classical electromagnetic fields to explain single-photon phenomena. These models share some similarities with Stochastic Electrodynamics, but without the infinite background energy problem, and with a clear path to explaining entanglement phenomena. Intriguingly, the average intermediate field intensities share a surprising connection with quantum “weak values”, even in the single-photon limit. This new class of models is hoped to guide further research into spacetime-based accounts of weak values, entanglement, and other quantum phenomena. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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17 pages, 512 KiB  
Article
Observables and Unobservables in Quantum Mechanics: How the No-Hidden-Variables Theorems Support the Bohmian Particle Ontology
by Dustin Lazarovici, Andrea Oldofredi and Michael Esfeld
Entropy 2018, 20(5), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20050381 - 18 May 2018
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4791
Abstract
The paper argues that far from challenging—or even refuting—Bohm’s quantum theory, the no-hidden-variables theorems in fact support the Bohmian ontology for quantum mechanics. The reason is that (i) all measurements come down to position measurements; and (ii) Bohm’s theory provides a clear and [...] Read more.
The paper argues that far from challenging—or even refuting—Bohm’s quantum theory, the no-hidden-variables theorems in fact support the Bohmian ontology for quantum mechanics. The reason is that (i) all measurements come down to position measurements; and (ii) Bohm’s theory provides a clear and coherent explanation of the measurement outcome statistics based on an ontology of particle positions, a law for their evolution and a probability measure linked with that law. What the no-hidden-variables theorems teach us is that (i) one cannot infer the properties that the physical systems possess from observables; and that (ii) measurements, being an interaction like other interactions, change the state of the measured system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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11 pages, 521 KiB  
Article
Feynman Paths and Weak Values
by Robert Flack and Basil J. Hiley
Entropy 2018, 20(5), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20050367 - 14 May 2018
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5653
Abstract
There has been a recent revival of interest in the notion of a ‘trajectory’ of a quantum particle. In this paper, we detail the relationship between Dirac’s ideas, Feynman paths and the Bohm approach. The key to the relationship is the weak value [...] Read more.
There has been a recent revival of interest in the notion of a ‘trajectory’ of a quantum particle. In this paper, we detail the relationship between Dirac’s ideas, Feynman paths and the Bohm approach. The key to the relationship is the weak value of the momentum which Feynman calls a transition probability amplitude. With this identification we are able to conclude that a Bohm ‘trajectory’ is the average of an ensemble of actual individual stochastic Feynman paths. This implies that they can be interpreted as the mean momentum flow of a set of individual quantum processes and not the path of an individual particle. This enables us to give a clearer account of the experimental two-slit results of Kocsis et al. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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14 pages, 646 KiB  
Article
Experimental Non-Violation of the Bell Inequality
by T. N. Palmer
Entropy 2018, 20(5), 356; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20050356 - 10 May 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4817
Abstract
A finite non-classical framework for qubit physics is described that challenges the conclusion that the Bell Inequality has been shown to have been violated experimentally, even approximately. This framework postulates the primacy of a fractal-like ‘invariant set’ geometry I U in cosmological state [...] Read more.
A finite non-classical framework for qubit physics is described that challenges the conclusion that the Bell Inequality has been shown to have been violated experimentally, even approximately. This framework postulates the primacy of a fractal-like ‘invariant set’ geometry I U in cosmological state space, on which the universe evolves deterministically and causally, and from which space-time and the laws of physics in space-time are emergent. Consistent with the assumed primacy of I U , a non-Euclidean (and hence non-classical) metric g p is defined in cosmological state space. Here, p is a large but finite integer (whose inverse may reflect the weakness of gravity). Points that do not lie on I U are necessarily g p -distant from points that do. g p is related to the p-adic metric of number theory. Using number-theoretic properties of spherical triangles, the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality, whose violation would rule out local realism, is shown to be undefined in this framework. Moreover, the CHSH-like inequalities violated experimentally are shown to be g p -distant from the CHSH inequality. This result fails in the singular limit p = ∞ , at which g p is Euclidean and the corresponding model classical. Although Invariant Set Theory is deterministic and locally causal, it is not conspiratorial and does not compromise experimenter free will. The relationship between Invariant Set Theory, Bohmian Theory, The Cellular Automaton Interpretation of Quantum Theory and p-adic Quantum Theory is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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18 pages, 8649 KiB  
Article
Quantum Trajectories: Real or Surreal?
by Basil J. Hiley and Peter Van Reeth
Entropy 2018, 20(5), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20050353 - 08 May 2018
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6955
Abstract
The claim of Kocsis et al. to have experimentally determined “photon trajectories” calls for a re-examination of the meaning of “quantum trajectories”. We will review the arguments that have been assumed to have established that a trajectory has no meaning in the context [...] Read more.
The claim of Kocsis et al. to have experimentally determined “photon trajectories” calls for a re-examination of the meaning of “quantum trajectories”. We will review the arguments that have been assumed to have established that a trajectory has no meaning in the context of quantum mechanics. We show that the conclusion that the Bohm trajectories should be called “surreal” because they are at “variance with the actual observed track” of a particle is wrong as it is based on a false argument. We also present the results of a numerical investigation of a double Stern-Gerlach experiment which shows clearly the role of the spin within the Bohm formalism and discuss situations where the appearance of the quantum potential is open to direct experimental exploration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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10 pages, 256 KiB  
Article
What Constitutes Emergent Quantum Reality? A Complex System Exploration from Entropic Gravity and the Universal Constants
by Arno Keppens
Entropy 2018, 20(5), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20050335 - 02 May 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5600
Abstract
In this work, it is acknowledged that important attempts to devise an emergent quantum (gravity) theory require space-time to be discretized at the Planck scale. It is therefore conjectured that reality is identical to a sub-quantum dynamics of ontological micro-constituents that are connected [...] Read more.
In this work, it is acknowledged that important attempts to devise an emergent quantum (gravity) theory require space-time to be discretized at the Planck scale. It is therefore conjectured that reality is identical to a sub-quantum dynamics of ontological micro-constituents that are connected by a single interaction law. To arrive at a complex system-based toy-model identification of these micro-constituents, two strategies are combined. First, by seeing gravity as an entropic phenomenon and generalizing the dimensional reduction of the associated holographic principle, the universal constants of free space are related to assumed attributes of the micro-constituents. Second, as the effective field dynamics of the micro-constituents must eventually obey Einstein’s field equations, a sub-quantum interaction law is derived from a solution of these equations. A Planck-scale origin for thermodynamic black hole characteristics and novel views on entropic gravity theory result from this approach, which eventually provides a different view on quantum gravity and its unification with the fundamental forces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
11 pages, 616 KiB  
Article
A Lenient Causal Arrow of Time?
by Nathan Argaman
Entropy 2018, 20(4), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20040294 - 18 Apr 2018
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6240
Abstract
One of the basic assumptions underlying Bell’s theorem is the causal arrow of time, having to do with temporal order rather than spatial separation. Nonetheless, the physical assumptions regarding causality are seldom studied in this context, and often even go unmentioned, in stark [...] Read more.
One of the basic assumptions underlying Bell’s theorem is the causal arrow of time, having to do with temporal order rather than spatial separation. Nonetheless, the physical assumptions regarding causality are seldom studied in this context, and often even go unmentioned, in stark contrast with the many different possible locality conditions which have been studied and elaborated upon. In the present work, some retrocausal toy-models which reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics for Bell-type correlations are reviewed. It is pointed out that a certain toy-model which is ostensibly superdeterministic—based on denying the free-variable status of some of quantum mechanics’ input parameters—actually contains within it a complete retrocausal toy-model. Occam’s razor thus indicates that the superdeterministic point of view is superfluous. A challenge is to generalize the retrocausal toy-models to a full theory—a reformulation of quantum mechanics—in which the standard causal arrow of time would be replaced by a more lenient one: an arrow of time applicable only to macroscopically-available information. In discussing such a reformulation, one finds that many of the perplexing features of quantum mechanics could arise naturally, especially in the context of stochastic theories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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9 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
The Definition of Entropy for Quantum Unstable Systems: A View-Point Based on the Properties of Gamow States
by Osvaldo Civitarese and Manuel Gadella
Entropy 2018, 20(4), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20040231 - 28 Mar 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3194
Abstract
In this paper, we review the concept of entropy in connection with the description of quantum unstable systems. We revise the conventional definition of entropy due to Boltzmann and extend it so as to include the presence of complex-energy states. After introducing a [...] Read more.
In this paper, we review the concept of entropy in connection with the description of quantum unstable systems. We revise the conventional definition of entropy due to Boltzmann and extend it so as to include the presence of complex-energy states. After introducing a generalized basis of states which includes resonances, and working with amplitudes instead of probabilities, we found an expression for the entropy which exhibits real and imaginary components. We discuss the meaning of the imaginary part of the entropy on the basis of the similarities existing between thermal and time evolutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
36 pages, 410 KiB  
Article
Generalized Lagrangian Path Approach to Manifestly-Covariant Quantum Gravity Theory
by Massimo Tessarotto and Claudio Cremaschini
Entropy 2018, 20(3), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20030205 - 19 Mar 2018
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5041
Abstract
A trajectory-based representation for the quantum theory of the gravitational field is formulated. This is achieved in terms of a covariant Generalized Lagrangian-Path (GLP) approach which relies on a suitable statistical representation of Bohmian Lagrangian trajectories, referred to here as GLP-representation. The [...] Read more.
A trajectory-based representation for the quantum theory of the gravitational field is formulated. This is achieved in terms of a covariant Generalized Lagrangian-Path (GLP) approach which relies on a suitable statistical representation of Bohmian Lagrangian trajectories, referred to here as GLP-representation. The result is established in the framework of the manifestly-covariant quantum gravity theory (CQG-theory) proposed recently and the related CQG-wave equation advancing in proper-time the quantum state associated with massive gravitons. Generally non-stationary analytical solutions for the CQG-wave equation with non-vanishing cosmological constant are determined in such a framework, which exhibit Gaussian-like probability densities that are non-dispersive in proper-time. As a remarkable outcome of the theory achieved by implementing these analytical solutions, the existence of an emergent gravity phenomenon is proven to hold. Accordingly, it is shown that a mean-field background space-time metric tensor can be expressed in terms of a suitable statistical average of stochastic fluctuations of the quantum gravitational field whose quantum-wave dynamics is described by GLP trajectories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
13 pages, 533 KiB  
Article
Why Bohmian Mechanics? One- and Two-Time Position Measurements, Bell Inequalities, Philosophy, and Physics
by Nicolas Gisin
Entropy 2018, 20(2), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20020105 - 02 Feb 2018
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 7081
Abstract
In Bohmian mechanics, particles follow continuous trajectories, so two-time position correlations have been well defined. However, Bohmian mechanics predicts the violation of Bell inequalities. Motivated by this fact, we investigate position measurements in Bohmian mechanics by coupling the particles to macroscopic pointers. This [...] Read more.
In Bohmian mechanics, particles follow continuous trajectories, so two-time position correlations have been well defined. However, Bohmian mechanics predicts the violation of Bell inequalities. Motivated by this fact, we investigate position measurements in Bohmian mechanics by coupling the particles to macroscopic pointers. This explains the violation of Bell inequalities despite two-time position correlations. We relate this fact to so-called surrealistic trajectories that, in our model, correspond to slowly moving pointers. Next, we emphasize that Bohmian mechanics, which does not distinguish between microscopic and macroscopic systems, implies that the quantum weirdness of quantum physics also shows up at the macro-scale. Finally, we discuss the fact that Bohmian mechanics is attractive to philosophers but not so much to physicists and argue that the Bohmian community is responsible for the latter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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20 pages, 275 KiB  
Article
Spooky Action at a Temporal Distance
by Emily Adlam
Entropy 2018, 20(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20010041 - 10 Jan 2018
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 8856
Abstract
Since the discovery of Bell’s theorem, the physics community has come to take seriously the possibility that the universe might contain physical processes which are spatially nonlocal, but there has been no such revolution with regard to the possibility of temporally nonlocal processes. [...] Read more.
Since the discovery of Bell’s theorem, the physics community has come to take seriously the possibility that the universe might contain physical processes which are spatially nonlocal, but there has been no such revolution with regard to the possibility of temporally nonlocal processes. In this article, we argue that the assumption of temporal locality is actively limiting progress in the field of quantum foundations. We investigate the origins of the assumption, arguing that it has arisen for historical and pragmatic reasons rather than good scientific ones, then explain why temporal locality is in tension with relativity and review some recent results which cast doubt on its validity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)

Review

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13 pages, 274 KiB  
Review
The Montevideo Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: A Short Review
by Rodolfo Gambini and Jorge Pullin
Entropy 2018, 20(6), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060413 - 29 May 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6999
Abstract
The Montevideo interpretation of quantum mechanics, which consists of supplementing environmental decoherence with fundamental limitations in measurement stemming from gravity, has been described in several publications. However, some of them appeared before the full picture provided by the interpretation was developed. As such, [...] Read more.
The Montevideo interpretation of quantum mechanics, which consists of supplementing environmental decoherence with fundamental limitations in measurement stemming from gravity, has been described in several publications. However, some of them appeared before the full picture provided by the interpretation was developed. As such, it can be difficult to get a good understanding via the published literature. Here, we summarize it in a self-contained brief presentation including all its principal elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)

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5 pages, 199 KiB  
Commentary
On a Common Misconception Regarding the de Broglie–Bohm Theory
by Oliver Passon
Entropy 2018, 20(6), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060440 - 05 Jun 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4281
Abstract
We discuss a common misconception regarding the de Broglie–Bohm (dBB) theory; namely, that it not only assigns a position to each quantum object but also contains the momenta as “hidden variables”. Sometimes this alleged property of the theory is even used to argue [...] Read more.
We discuss a common misconception regarding the de Broglie–Bohm (dBB) theory; namely, that it not only assigns a position to each quantum object but also contains the momenta as “hidden variables”. Sometimes this alleged property of the theory is even used to argue that the dBB theory is inconsistent with quantum theory. We explain why this claim is unfounded and show in particular how this misconception veils the true novelty of the dBB theory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergent Quantum Mechanics – David Bohm Centennial Perspectives)
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