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Entropic Methods in Surface Science

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A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2019) | Viewed by 20192

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Prof. Dr. Michael J. Nosonovsky

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Department of Mechanical Engineering,College of Engineering & Applied Science University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413, USA
Interests: self-organization at the interface (self-healing, self-lubrication, self-cleaning); biomimetic surfaces, including novel applications of the Lotus effect (oleophobicity, anti-fouling); adhesion and capillary force; contact mechanics and dynamic friction; fundamentals of friction and classical mechanics; history of mechanics
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Dear Colleagues,

The concept of entropy can be successfully applied to various surface phenomena, ranging from friction to capillarity to self-assembly of colloidal crystals and microdroplet clusters. Friction and surface degradation are dissipative processes and the growth of entropy is an immanent feature of friction. Entropic methods can be used to characterize solid surfaces, their roughness, heterogeneity and temporal evolution. Entropic contribution due to molecule ordering in an interfacial layer plays a role in water and other liquid surface tension. The entropic methods are also applicable to biological surfaces and can be used to better understand aging, self-organization, and self-assembly.

Papers that deal with any aspect of entropy in surface science are welcome, including surface thermodynamics, friction and wear, microdroplet clusters, rupture and crack propagation, colloidal crystals, wetting, surface roughness, information and statistical approaches in the surface science, self-assembly, Shannon entropy, Voronoi entropy, and other relevant topics.

Prof. Michael Nosonovsky
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Physical chemistry of surafces
Self-assembly
Friction
Colloidal crystals
Droplet clusters
Wetting
Capillarity

Published Papers (4 papers)

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11 pages, 1977 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ternary Logic of Motion to Resolve Kinematic Frictional Paradoxes

by Michael Nosonovsky and Alexander D. Breki

Entropy 2019, 21(6), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060620 - 24 Jun 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3645

Abstract

Paradoxes of dry friction were discovered by Painlevé in 1895 and caused a controversy on whether the Coulomb–Amontons laws of dry friction are compatible with the Newtonian mechanics of the rigid bodies. Various resolutions of the paradoxes have been suggested including the abandonment of the model of rigid bodies and modifications of the law of friction. For compliant (elastic) bodies, the Painlevé paradoxes may correspond to the friction-induced instabilities. Here we investigate another possibility to resolve the paradoxes: the introduction of the three-value logic. We interpret the three states of a frictional system as either rest-motion-paradox or as rest-stable motion-unstable motion depending on whether a rigid or compliant system is investigated. We further relate the ternary logic approach with the entropic stability criteria for a frictional system and with the study of ultraslow sliding friction (intermediate between the rest and motion or between stick and slip). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropic Methods in Surface Science)

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15 pages, 4783 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Complex Behavior of Nano-Scale Tribo-Ceramic Films in Adaptive PVD Coatings under Extreme Tribological Conditions

by German Fox-Rabinovich, Anatoly Kovalev, Iosif Gershman, Dmitry Wainstein, Myriam H. Aguirre, Danielle Covelli, Jose Paiva, Kenji Yamamoto and Stephen Veldhuis

Entropy 2018, 20(12), 989; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120989 - 19 Dec 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2919

Abstract

Experimental investigations of nano-scale spatio-temporal effects that occur on the friction surface under extreme tribological stimuli, in combination with thermodynamic modeling of the self-organization process, are presented in this paper. The study was performed on adaptive PVD (physical vapor deposited) coatings represented by the TiAlCrSiYN/TiAlCrN nano-multilayer PVD coating. A detailed analysis of the worn surface was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) methods. It was demonstrated that the coating studied exhibits a very fast adaptive response to the extreme external stimuli through the formation of an increased amount of protective surface tribo-films at the very beginning of the running-in stage of wear. Analysis performed on the friction surface indicates that all of the tribo-film formation processes occur in the nanoscopic scale. The tribo-films form as thermal barrier tribo-ceramics with a complex composition and very low thermal conductivity under high operating temperatures, thus demonstrating reduced friction which results in low cutting forces and wear values. This process presents an opportunity for the surface layer to attain a strong non-equilibrium state. This leads to the stabilization of the exchanging interactions between the tool and environment at a low wear level. This effect is the consequence of the synergistic behavior of complex matter represented by the dynamically formed nano-scale tribo-film layer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropic Methods in Surface Science)

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6 pages, 1180 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Entropy Contribution to the Line Tension: Insights from Polymer Physics, Water String Theory, and the Three-Phase Tension

by Edward Bormashenko

Entropy 2018, 20(9), 712; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20090712 - 16 Sep 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3695

Abstract

The notion of three-phase (line) tension remains one of the most disputable notions in surface science. A very broad range of its values has been reported. Experts even do not agree on the sign of line tension. The polymer-chain-like model of three-phase (triple) [...] Read more.

Γ_{e n} ≅ \frac{k_{B} T}{d_{m}} ≅ 10^{- 11} N

, where

d_{m}

is the diameter of the liquid molecule. The introduction of the polymer-chain-like model of the triple line is justified by the “water string” model of the liquid state, predicting strong orientation effects for liquid molecules located near hydrophobic moieties. The estimated value of the entropic input into the line tension is close to experimental findings, reported by various groups, and seems to be relevant for the understanding of elastic properties of biological membranes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropic Methods in Surface Science)

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Review

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13 pages, 4444 KiB

Open AccessReview

Characterization of Self-Assembled 2D Patterns with Voronoi Entropy

by Edward Bormashenko, Mark Frenkel, Alla Vilk, Irina Legchenkova, Alexander A. Fedorets, Nurken E. Aktaev, Leonid A. Dombrovsky and Michael Nosonovsky

Entropy 2018, 20(12), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120956 - 11 Dec 2018

Cited by 52 | Viewed by 9058

Abstract

The Voronoi entropy is a mathematical tool for quantitative characterization of the orderliness of points distributed on a surface. The tool is useful to study various surface self-assembly processes. We provide the historical background, from Kepler and Descartes to our days, and discuss topological properties of the Voronoi tessellation, upon which the entropy concept is based, and its scaling properties, known as the Lewis and Aboav–Weaire laws. The Voronoi entropy has been successfully applied to recently discovered self-assembled structures, such as patterned microporous polymer surfaces obtained by the breath figure method and levitating ordered water microdroplet clusters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropic Methods in Surface Science)

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