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Selected Papers from 13th Joint European Thermodynamics Conference

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Thermodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2015) | Viewed by 43603

Special Issue Editors

LRGP-CNRS, UMR 7274, ENSIC, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, F54000 Nancy, France
Interests: chemical engineering thermodynamics
LRGP-CNRS, UMR 7274, ENSIC, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, F54000 Nancy, France
Interests: chemical engineering thermodynamics; exergy analysis
LRGP-CNRS, UMR 7274, ENSIC, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, F54000 Nancy, France
Interests: chemical engineering thermodynamics, exergy analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Please visit this site http://jetc2015.event.univ-lorraine.fr/jetc_prog.php for a detailed description of this special issue.  The Special Issue will mainly consist of selected papers presented at "13th Joint European Thermodynamics Conference".  Papers in the following topic are also welcomed on this special issue:

  • Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
  • Thermodynamic Optimization
  • Thermodynamics and Cosmology
  • Thermodynamics for Biological Systems

Prof. Dr. Michel Feidt
Prof. Dr. Daniel Tondeur
Prof. Dr. Jean-NoëL Jaubert
Dr. Romain Privat
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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1632 KiB  
Article
Exergy Losses in the Szewalski Binary Vapor Cycle
by Tomasz Kowalczyk, Paweł Ziółkowski and Janusz Badur
Entropy 2015, 17(10), 7242-7265; https://doi.org/10.3390/e17107242 - 23 Oct 2015
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 6601
Abstract
In this publication, we present an energy and exergy analysis of the Szewalski binary vapor cycle based on a model of a supercritical steam power plant. We used energy analysis to conduct a preliminary optimization of the cycle. Exergy loss analysis was employed [...] Read more.
In this publication, we present an energy and exergy analysis of the Szewalski binary vapor cycle based on a model of a supercritical steam power plant. We used energy analysis to conduct a preliminary optimization of the cycle. Exergy loss analysis was employed to perform a comparison of heat-transfer processes, which are essential for hierarchical cycles. The Szewalski binary vapor cycle consists of a steam cycle bottomed with an organic Rankine cycle installation. This coupling has a negative influence on the thermal efficiency of the cycle. However, the primary aim of this modification is to reduce the size of the power unit by decreasing the low-pressure steam turbine cylinder and the steam condenser. The reduction of the “cold end” of the turbine is desirable from economic and technical standpoints. We present the Szewalski binary vapor cycle in addition to a mathematical model of the chosen power plant’s thermodynamic cycle. We elaborate on the procedure of the Szewalski cycle design and its optimization in order to attain an optimal size reduction of the power unit and limit exergy loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 13th Joint European Thermodynamics Conference)
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1610 KiB  
Article
New Patterns in Steady-State Chemical Kinetics: Intersections, Coincidences, Map of Events (Two-Step Mechanism)
by Daniel Branco Pinto, Gregory Yablonsky, Guy B. Marin and Denis Constales
Entropy 2015, 17(10), 6783-6800; https://doi.org/10.3390/e17106783 - 07 Oct 2015
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4769
Abstract
New patterns of steady-state chemical kinetics for continuously stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) have been found, i.e., intersections, maxima and coincidences, for two-step mechanism A↔B→C. There were found elegant analytical relationships for characteristics of these patterns (space times, values of concentrations and rates) allowing [...] Read more.
New patterns of steady-state chemical kinetics for continuously stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) have been found, i.e., intersections, maxima and coincidences, for two-step mechanism A↔B→C. There were found elegant analytical relationships for characteristics of these patterns (space times, values of concentrations and rates) allowing kinetic parameters to be easily determined. It was demonstrated that for the pair of species involved into the irreversible reaction (B and C), the space time of their corresponding concentration dependence intersection is invariant and does not depend on the initial conditions of the system. Maps of patterns are presented for visualization of their combinations and ranking in space time, and values of concentration and rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 13th Joint European Thermodynamics Conference)
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14922 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic Analysis of Closed Steady or Cyclic Systems
by Jim McGovern
Entropy 2015, 17(10), 6712-6742; https://doi.org/10.3390/e17106712 - 29 Sep 2015
Viewed by 8050
Abstract
Closed, steady or cyclic thermodynamic systems, which have temperature variations over their boundaries, can represent an extremely large range of plants, devices or natural objects, such as combined heating, cooling and power plants, computers and data centres, and planets. Energy transfer rates can [...] Read more.
Closed, steady or cyclic thermodynamic systems, which have temperature variations over their boundaries, can represent an extremely large range of plants, devices or natural objects, such as combined heating, cooling and power plants, computers and data centres, and planets. Energy transfer rates can occur across the boundary, which are characterized as heat or work. We focus on the finite time thermodynamics aspects, on energy-based performance parameters, on rational efficiency and on the environmental reference temperature. To do this, we examine the net work rate of a closed, steady or cyclic system bounded by thermal resistances linked to isothermal reservoirs in terms of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Citing relevant references from the literature, we propose a methodology that can improve the thermodynamic analysis of an energy-transforming or an exergy-destroying plant. Through the reflections and analysis presented, we have found an explanation of the second law that clarifies the link between the Clausius integral of heat over temperature and the reference temperature of the Gouy–Stodola theorem. With this insight and approach, the specification of the environmental reference temperature in exergy analysis becomes more solid. We have explained the relationship between the Curzon Ahlborn heat engine and an irreversible Carnot heat engine. We have outlined the nature of subsystem rational efficiencies and have found Rant’s anergy to play an important role. We postulate that heat transfer through thermal resistance is the sole basis of irreversibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 13th Joint European Thermodynamics Conference)
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1629 KiB  
Article
Optimization of the Changing Phase Fluid in a Carnot Type Engine for the Recovery of a Given Waste Heat Source
by Mathilde Blaise, Michel Feidt and Denis Maillet
Entropy 2015, 17(8), 5503-5521; https://doi.org/10.3390/e17085503 - 31 Jul 2015
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4741
Abstract
A Carnot type engine with a changing phase during the heating and the cooling is modeled with its thermal contact with the heat source. In a first optimization, the optimal high temperature of the cycle is determined to maximize the power output. The [...] Read more.
A Carnot type engine with a changing phase during the heating and the cooling is modeled with its thermal contact with the heat source. In a first optimization, the optimal high temperature of the cycle is determined to maximize the power output. The temperature and the mass flow rate of the heat source are given. This does not take into account the converter internal fluid and its mass flow rate. It is an exogenous optimization of the converter. In a second optimization, the endogenous optimization, the isothermal heating corresponds only to the vaporization of the selected fluid. The maximization of the power output gives the optimal vaporization temperature of the cycled fluid. Using these two optima allows connecting the temperature of the heat source to the working fluid used. For a given temperature level, mass flow rate and composition of the waste heat to recover, an optimal fluid and its temperature of vaporization are deduced. The optimal conditions size also the internal mass flow rate and the compression ratio (pump size). The optimum corresponds to the maximum of the power output and must be combined with the environmental fluid impact and the technological constraints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 13th Joint European Thermodynamics Conference)
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193 KiB  
Article
Non-Fourier Heat Transfer with Phonons and Electrons in a Circular Thin Layer Surrounding a Hot Nanodevice
by Vito Antonio Cimmelli, Isabella Carlomagno and Antonio Sellitto
Entropy 2015, 17(8), 5157-5170; https://doi.org/10.3390/e17085157 - 24 Jul 2015
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4758
Abstract
A nonlocal model for heat transfer with phonons and electrons is applied to infer the steady-state radial temperature profile in a circular layer surrounding an inner hot component. Such a profile, following by the numerical solution of the heat equation, predicts that the [...] Read more.
A nonlocal model for heat transfer with phonons and electrons is applied to infer the steady-state radial temperature profile in a circular layer surrounding an inner hot component. Such a profile, following by the numerical solution of the heat equation, predicts that the temperature behaves in an anomalous way, since for radial distances from the heat source smaller than the mean-free path of phonons and electrons, it increases for increasing distances. The compatibility of this temperature behavior with the second law of thermodynamics is investigated by calculating numerically the local entropy production as a function of the radial distance. It turns out that such a production is positive and strictly decreasing with the radial distance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 13th Joint European Thermodynamics Conference)
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Review

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482 KiB  
Review
Dark Energy: The Shadowy Reflection of Dark Matter?
by Kostas Kleidis and Nikolaos K. Spyrou
Entropy 2016, 18(3), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/e18030094 - 12 Mar 2016
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6399
Abstract
In this article, we review a series of recent theoretical results regarding a conventional approach to the dark energy (DE) concept. This approach is distinguished among others for its simplicity and its physical relevance. By compromising General Relativity (GR) and Thermodynamics at cosmological [...] Read more.
In this article, we review a series of recent theoretical results regarding a conventional approach to the dark energy (DE) concept. This approach is distinguished among others for its simplicity and its physical relevance. By compromising General Relativity (GR) and Thermodynamics at cosmological scale, we end up with a model without DE. Instead, the Universe we are proposing is filled with a perfect fluid of self-interacting dark matter (DM), the volume elements of which perform hydrodynamic flows. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time in a cosmological framework that the energy of the cosmic fluid internal motions is also taken into account as a source of the universal gravitational field. As we demonstrate, this form of energy may compensate for the DE needed to compromise spatial flatness, while, depending on the particular type of thermodynamic processes occurring in the interior of the DM fluid (isothermal or polytropic), the Universe depicts itself as either decelerating or accelerating (respectively). In both cases, there is no disagreement between observations and the theoretical prediction of the distant supernovae (SNe) Type Ia distribution. In fact, the cosmological model with matter content in the form of a thermodynamically-involved DM fluid not only interprets the observational data associated with the recent history of Universe expansion, but also confronts successfully with every major cosmological issue (such as the age and the coincidence problems). In this way, depending on the type of thermodynamic processes in it, such a model may serve either for a conventional DE cosmology or for a viable alternative one. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 13th Joint European Thermodynamics Conference)
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Other

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3383 KiB  
Technical Note
Entropy Analysis of Solar Two-Step Thermochemical Cycles for Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting
by Matthias Lange, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler and Robert Pitz-Paal
Entropy 2016, 18(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/e18010024 - 11 Jan 2016
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 7460
Abstract
The present study provides a thermodynamic analysis of solar thermochemical cycles for splitting of H2O or CO2. Such cycles, powered by concentrated solar energy, have the potential to produce fuels in a sustainable way. We extend a previous study [...] Read more.
The present study provides a thermodynamic analysis of solar thermochemical cycles for splitting of H2O or CO2. Such cycles, powered by concentrated solar energy, have the potential to produce fuels in a sustainable way. We extend a previous study on the thermodynamics of water splitting by also taking into account CO2 splitting and the influence of the solar absorption efficiency. Based on this purely thermodynamic approach, efficiency trends are discussed. The comprehensive and vivid representation in T-S diagrams provides researchers in this field with the required theoretical background to improve process development. Furthermore, results about the required entropy change in the used redox materials can be used as a guideline for material developers. The results show that CO2 splitting is advantageous at higher temperature levels, while water splitting is more feasible at lower temperature levels, as it benefits from a great entropy change during the splitting step. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 13th Joint European Thermodynamics Conference)
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