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Genetics of Plant Senescence
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Genetics of Plant Senescence

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 December 2018) | Viewed by 21673

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Götz Hensel

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Guest Editor
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
Interests: plant senescence; programmed cell death; crop plants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Senescence is the final developmental process leading to remobilization of nutrients for the growth of new or reproductive organs. The process is highly dynamic and initiation requires external and internal signals. The new –omics era extended the tool box to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms and allowed huge progress within the last years. Beside hormonal regulation several components of the retrograde signaling pathway have been discovered. Since senescence contributed largely to yield, aspects using biotechnological approaches to manipulate the process in a positive way should be addressed. This special issue is aiming in a collection of reviews and original research articles to gain more insights in the genetic networks underlying this process. Applications from model and crop plants are very welcome.

Dr. Götz Hensel
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • retrograde signalling
  • nutrient mobilization
  • chloroplast
  • photosynthesis
  • transcription factors
  • phytohormons

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 34688 KiB  
Article
Identification of Genes Involved in Low Temperature-Induced Senescence of Panicle Leaf in Litchi chinensis
by Congcong Wang, Hao Liu, Sheng Yu, Houbin Chen, Fuchu Hu, Huiling Zhan, Xifen Pan, Yuhua Lao, Silin Zhong and Biyan Zhou
Genes 2019, 10(2), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10020111 - 01 Feb 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3455
Abstract
Warm winters and hot springs may promote panicle leaf growing and repress floral development. To identify genes potentially involved in litchi panicle leaf senescence, eight RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries of the senescing panicle leaves under low temperature (LT) conditions and the developing panicle leaves [...] Read more.
Warm winters and hot springs may promote panicle leaf growing and repress floral development. To identify genes potentially involved in litchi panicle leaf senescence, eight RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries of the senescing panicle leaves under low temperature (LT) conditions and the developing panicle leaves under high temperature (HT) conditions were constructed. For each library, 4.78–8.99 × 106 clean reads were generated. Digital expression of the genes was compared between the senescing and developing panicle leaves. A total of 6477 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (from developing leaves to senescing leaves), and 6318 downregulated DEGs were identified, 158 abscisic acid (ABA)-, 68 ethylene-, 107 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-, 27 gibberellic acid (GA)-, 68 cytokinin (CTK)-, 37 salicylic acid (SA)-, and 23 brassinolide (BR)-related DEGs. Confirmation of the RNA-Seq data by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis suggested that expression trends of the 10 candidate genes using qRT-PCR were similar to those revealed by RNA-Seq, and a significantly positive correlation between the obtained data from qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq were found, indicating the reliability of our RNA-Seq data. The present studies provided potential genes for the future molecular breeding of new cultivars that can induce panicle leaf senescence and reduce floral abortion under warm climates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Senescence)
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23 pages, 3739 KiB  
Article
Impact of Alternatively Polyadenylated Isoforms of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR4 with Activator and Repressor Function on Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana L.
by Lena Riester, Siliya Köster-Hofmann, Jasmin Doll, Kenneth W. Berendzen and Ulrike Zentgraf
Genes 2019, 10(2), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10020091 - 28 Jan 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5279
Abstract
Leaf senescence is highly regulated by transcriptional reprogramming, implying an important role for transcriptional regulators. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR4 (ERF4) was shown to be involved in senescence regulation and to exist in two different isoforms due to alternative polyadenylation of its pre-mRNA. One of [...] Read more.
Leaf senescence is highly regulated by transcriptional reprogramming, implying an important role for transcriptional regulators. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR4 (ERF4) was shown to be involved in senescence regulation and to exist in two different isoforms due to alternative polyadenylation of its pre-mRNA. One of these isoforms, ERF4-R, contains an ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif and acts as repressor, whereas the other form, ERF4-A, is lacking this motif and acts as activator. Here, we analyzed the impact of these isoforms on senescence. Both isoforms were able to complement the delayed senescence phenotype of the erf4 mutant with a tendency of ERF4-A for a slightly better complementation. However, overexpression led to accelerated senescence of 35S:ERF4-R plants but not of 35S:ERF4-A plants. We identified CATALASE3 (CAT3) as direct target gene of ERF4 in a yeast-one-hybrid screen. Both isoforms directly bind to the CAT3 promoter but have antagonistic effects on gene expression. The ratio of ERF4-A to ERF4-R mRNA changed during development, leading to a complex age-dependent regulation of CAT3 activity. The RNA-binding protein FPA shifted the R/A-ratio and fpa mutants are pointing towards a role of alternative polyadenylation regulators in senescence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Senescence)
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20 pages, 2428 KiB  
Article
Nitrogen Supply Drives Senescence-Related Seed Storage Protein Expression in Rapeseed Leaves
by Stefan Bieker, Lena Riester, Jasmin Doll, Jürgen Franzaring, Andreas Fangmeier and Ulrike Zentgraf
Genes 2019, 10(2), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10020072 - 22 Jan 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3420
Abstract
In general, yield and fruit quality strongly rely on efficient nutrient remobilization during plant development and senescence. Transcriptome changes associated with senescence in spring oilseed rape grown under optimal nitrogen supply or mild nitrogen deficiency revealed differences in senescence and nutrient mobilization in [...] Read more.
In general, yield and fruit quality strongly rely on efficient nutrient remobilization during plant development and senescence. Transcriptome changes associated with senescence in spring oilseed rape grown under optimal nitrogen supply or mild nitrogen deficiency revealed differences in senescence and nutrient mobilization in old lower canopy leaves and younger higher canopy leaves. Having a closer look at this transcriptome analyses, we identified the major classes of seed storage proteins (SSP) to be expressed in vegetative tissue, namely leaf and stem tissue. Expression of SSPs was not only dependent on the nitrogen supply but transcripts appeared to correlate with intracellular H2O2 contents, which functions as well-known signaling molecule in developmental senescence. The abundance of SSPs in leaf material transiently progressed from the oldest leaves to the youngest. Moreover, stems also exhibited short-term production of SSPs, which hints at an interim storage function. In order to decipher whether hydrogen peroxide also functions as a signaling molecule in nitrogen deficiency-induced senescence, we analyzed hydrogen peroxide contents after complete nitrogen depletion in oilseed rape and Arabidopsis plants. In both cases, hydrogen peroxide contents were lower in nitrogen deficient plants, indicating that at least parts of the developmental senescence program appear to be suppressed under nitrogen deficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Senescence)
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Review

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23 pages, 2086 KiB  
Review
The Role and Regulation of Autophagy and the Proteasome During Aging and Senescence in Plants
by Haojie Wang and Jos H. M. Schippers
Genes 2019, 10(4), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10040267 - 02 Apr 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5057
Abstract
Aging and senescence in plants has a major impact on agriculture, such as in crop yield, the value of ornamental crops, and the shelf life of vegetables and fruits. Senescence represents the final developmental phase of the leaf and inevitably results in the [...] Read more.
Aging and senescence in plants has a major impact on agriculture, such as in crop yield, the value of ornamental crops, and the shelf life of vegetables and fruits. Senescence represents the final developmental phase of the leaf and inevitably results in the death of the organ. Still, the process is completely under the control of the plant. Plants use their protein degradation systems to maintain proteostasis and transport or salvage nutrients from senescing organs to develop reproductive parts. Herein, we present an overview of current knowledge about the main protein degradation pathways in plants during senescence: The proteasome and autophagy. Although both pathways degrade proteins, autophagy appears to prevent aging, while the proteasome functions as a positive regulator of senescence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Senescence)
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24 pages, 2169 KiB  
Review
Micromanagement of Developmental and Stress-Induced Senescence: The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs
by Aleksandra Swida-Barteczka and Zofia Szweykowska-Kulinska
Genes 2019, 10(3), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10030210 - 12 Mar 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3918
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short (19–24-nucleotide-long), non-coding RNA molecules. They downregulate gene expression by triggering the cleavage or translational inhibition of complementary mRNAs. Senescence is a stage of development following growth completion and is dependent on the expression of specific genes. MicroRNAs control the gene [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs are short (19–24-nucleotide-long), non-coding RNA molecules. They downregulate gene expression by triggering the cleavage or translational inhibition of complementary mRNAs. Senescence is a stage of development following growth completion and is dependent on the expression of specific genes. MicroRNAs control the gene expression responsible for plant competence to answer senescence signals. Therefore, they coordinate the juvenile-to-adult phase transition of the whole plant, the growth and senescence phase of each leaf, age-related cellular structure changes during vessel formation, and remobilization of resources occurring during senescence. MicroRNAs are also engaged in the ripening and postharvest senescence of agronomically important fruits. Moreover, the hormonal regulation of senescence requires microRNA contribution. Environmental cues, such as darkness or drought, induce senescence-like processes in which microRNAs also play regulatory roles. In this review, we discuss recent findings concerning the role of microRNAs in the senescence of various plant species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Senescence)
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