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E-Cigarettes and Global Public Health

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2019) | Viewed by 10764

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the exception of the arms industry, there is probably no other area of commercial activity that is associated with more death and morbidity than the production and sale of tobacco in smokable form. Killing one in two of all users it is hard to see how this product found a market at all let alone that it became a major global commodity. Whilst levels of smoking in many developed countries have reduced markedly over the last two decades global demographic changes have meant that in many areas the number of smokers has increased, whilst in others it has remained unchanged. Stopping smoking is unquestionably the most effective means of reducing smoking related health harm. However, exhorting people to stop smoking, and informing them of the risks they face, are is not enough on their own to tackle the global smoking epidemic. Smoking itself is driven by a multitude of factors: industry marketing and promotion, individual choice, addiction, and by the simple fact that there are few drug delivery systems that are as effective in eliciting a psychoactive effect as smoking.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems offer those smokers who cannot quit, and those who wish to continue to consume nicotine, an option that is substantially less harmful than smoking combustible tobacco products. These devices have become the “go to” means by which millions of smokers are seeking to quit. Whilst it is not possible to say with certainty that electronic nicotine delivery systems have reduced smoking prevalence, nevertheless smoking prevalence has reduced in many of the areas where these devices are readily available and widely used.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems are available to differing degrees in different areas. Within many of the areas where smoking prevalence is at its greatest the alternatives to combustible tobacco products are hardly available at all. That lack of availability can be traced to government policies, to the fact that the profits from the sale of these products is less in poor countries than in rich countries, to technological limitations in the products themselves, and to the public perception of vaping.

The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is announcing today a Special Issue focused on electronic cigarettes and global public health. The invitation is to scholars, researchers, policy makers and those implementing policy to consider how and how quickly the benefits of electronic nicotine delivery systems can be turned to maximum global benefit.

 

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Health inequalities
  • Ethics
  • Policy
  • Education
  • Regulation
  • Public Understanding
  • Innovation
  • Role of Industry
  • Barriers to access
  • Barriers to use
  • Sustainability
  • Cost
  • Peer Support/Peer Action

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 1489 KiB  
Communication
E-cigarette Aerosol Condensate Enhances Metabolism of Benzo(a)pyrene to Genotoxic Products, and Induces CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, Likely by Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
by Yuan-Wan Sun, Wieslawa Kosinska and Joseph B. Guttenplan
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(14), 2468; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142468 - 11 Jul 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3301
Abstract
E-cigarette aerosol contains lower levels of most known carcinogens than tobacco smoke, but many users of e-cigarettes are also smokers, and these individuals may be vulnerable to possible promoting and/or cocarcinogenic effects of e-cigarettes. We investigated the possibility that a condensate of e-cigarette [...] Read more.
E-cigarette aerosol contains lower levels of most known carcinogens than tobacco smoke, but many users of e-cigarettes are also smokers, and these individuals may be vulnerable to possible promoting and/or cocarcinogenic effects of e-cigarettes. We investigated the possibility that a condensate of e-cigarette aerosol (EAC) enhances the metabolism of the tobacco carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), to genotoxic products in a human oral keratinocyte cell line. Cells were pretreated with EAC from two popular e-cigs and then with BaP. Metabolism to its ultimate carcinogenic metabolite, anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro B[a]P (BPDE), was assayed by measuring isomers of its spontaneous hydrolysis products, BaP tetrols. The pretreatment of cells with EAC enhanced the rate of BaP tetrol formation several fold. Pretreatment with the e-liquid resulted in a smaller enhancement. The treatment of cells with EAC induced CYP1A1/1B1 mRNA and protein. The enhancement of BaP tetrol formation was inhibited by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibitor, α-napthoflavone, indicating EAC likely induces CYP1A1/1B1 and enhances BaP metabolism by activating the AhR. To our knowledge, this is first report demonstrating that e-cigarettes can potentiate the genotoxic effects of a tobacco smoke carcinogen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-Cigarettes and Global Public Health)
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17 pages, 3139 KiB  
Article
Experimental Method of Emission Generation Calibration Based on Reference Liquids Characterization
by Sébastien Soulet, Marie Duquesne, Jean Toutain, Charly Pairaud and Hélène Lalo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(13), 2262; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132262 - 26 Jun 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3067
Abstract
This work focuses on an experimental study of the influence of e-liquid composition on the mass of vaporized e-liquid after standardized emission generation using a U-SAV (Universal System for Analysis of Vaping) vaping machine. All the experiments were based on the use of [...] Read more.
This work focuses on an experimental study of the influence of e-liquid composition on the mass of vaporized e-liquid after standardized emission generation using a U-SAV (Universal System for Analysis of Vaping) vaping machine. All the experiments were based on the use of a Cubis 1Ω clearomiser and on the standard protocol for electronic cigarettes emission generation. Currently, there is no standardized method available to calibrate the emission generations of electronic cigarettes. Since the e-liquid compositions are not always known, we propose a simple, practical, effective, and fast method of emission generation calibration. Therefore, this paper examines a major issue in this new and constantly evolving field, allowing the validation of the emission generation results. To our knowledge, this method is a novelty in our discipline and could be easily developed in laboratories. Pure propylene-glycol, glycerol, ethanol, and water and their mixtures (20 e-liquids) were tested as reference materials, allowing an e-liquids benchmarking and the characterization of 800 commercial e-liquids (with known and unknown compositions) at a fixed power and for one inhalation profile (3 s puff duration and 55 mL of puff volume). The influence of ethanol and/or water addition in the e-liquid was characterized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-Cigarettes and Global Public Health)
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12 pages, 312 KiB  
Article
Association of the Use of a Heated Tobacco Product with Perceived Stress, Physical Activity, and Internet Use in Korean Adolescents: A 2018 National Survey
by Ahnna Lee, Kang-Sook Lee and Hanul Park
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(6), 965; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060965 - 18 Mar 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4067
Abstract
The awareness and use of the recently introduced heated product in the global tobacco market is rapidly increasing. Few studies have investigated the association of this product’s use with health-related factors. To examine the association of the heated tobacco product (HTP)’s use with [...] Read more.
The awareness and use of the recently introduced heated product in the global tobacco market is rapidly increasing. Few studies have investigated the association of this product’s use with health-related factors. To examine the association of the heated tobacco product (HTP)’s use with perceived stress, physical activity, and internet use, we analyzed data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey using multinomial logistic regression models. The participants included 60,040 students from middle school and high school. There were significant associations between high perceived stress and cigarette use only, dual use of cigarette and e-cigarette, triple use of cigarette, e-cigarette, and HTP; a negative association between HTP’s use and perceived stress; positive association between physical activity and tobacco use; and not using the internet significantly increased the odds of use of all types of tobacco products. A smoking prevention program, tailored to meet the needs of different types of tobacco product users, is recommended. A program aimed at not only increasing awareness of perceived risk but also decreasing perceived benefits of risky behaviors, should also be considered. Further research using a longitudinal design to test the causal relationship of tobacco product use with perceived stress, physical activity, and internet use is warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-Cigarettes and Global Public Health)
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