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Stormwater Management in Urban Areas
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Stormwater Management in Urban Areas

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2018) | Viewed by 23281

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Brigitte Helmreich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
Interests: urban water balance; stormwater runoff pollutants; water sensitive cities; development and evaluation of stormwater treatment systems; rainwater harvesting systems; multifunctional areas; stormwater management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Increasing urbanization results in greater areas of impervious surfaces (e.g., roadways, parking areas, building roofs), which provide new challenges for sustainable stormwater management in urban areas, particularly with the increased rainfall intensities and rainfall volumes expected due to climate change. De-centralized sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) have been developed and implemented as alternatives to conventional sewer systems for over 25 years. However, experience with the long-term operation and maintenance of SUDS is still limited. As a result, the potential risks associated with non- or poorly‑maintained SUDS systems cannot be accurately assessed at this time.

There are a number of issues that need to be addressed to characterize these risks including the future long-term benefits and impacts of SUDS on urban stormwater management, how to use SUDS devices to target specific stormwater pollutants, the use of SUDS to promote groundwater recharge, and how to reduce peak flood levels and minimise stormwater overflows. The hydrologic analysis of sustainable urban stormwater management is also of interest. It is anticipated that more innovative research outcomes in these areas may help drive policy changes resulting in more sustainable urbanization.

This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health will focus on the benefits and the risks of implementing SUDS for urban stormwater management, and on the modelling and monitoring of stormwater runoff and pollution. Topics for this Special Issue include:

  • Monitoring of stormwater runoff quantity and quality;
  • Hydrological models for stormwater runoff in urban catchments;
  • Toxicity tests for urban stormwater runoff;
  • New parameters for evaluation and design of SUDS;
  • Build-up and wash-off models for pollutants from impervious surfaces;
  • Lab-scale, pilot-scale and long-term field experience with SUDS;
  • Impact of newly implemented SUDS on existing sewer systems;
  • Testing procedures and protocols for stormwater treatment systems; and
  • Legal and practical opportunities to minimise the risks of groundwater and surface water contamination.
Prof. Dr. Brigitte Helmreich
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

1. If you are a potential author of this Special Issue; or 2. If you are interested in this Special Issue, but cannot submit a paper at this time; We encourage you to join our reviewer database at: https://susy.mdpi.com/volunteer_reviewer/step/1 When you help to review other manuscripts in this Special Issue, you will be offered a voucher of reduction from the APC for each valid review, which can be used immediately for your current submission, or for your future submissions to any MDPI journal.

Keywords

  • SUDS
  • urban stormwater runoff
  • runoff pollution
  • stormwater runoff models
  • decentralized treatment
  • environmental risk assessment

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2753 KiB  
Article
Root and Shoot Biomass Growth of Constructed Floating Wetlands Plants in Saline Environments
by Oriana Sanicola, Terry Lucke, Michael Stewart, Katharina Tondera and Christopher Walker
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(2), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020275 - 18 Jan 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6718
Abstract
Constructed Floating Wetlands (CFWs) are increasingly being used globally in freshwater environments such as urban lakes and ponds to remove pollutants from urban stormwater runoff. However, to date there has been limited research into the use and performance of these systems in saline [...] Read more.
Constructed Floating Wetlands (CFWs) are increasingly being used globally in freshwater environments such as urban lakes and ponds to remove pollutants from urban stormwater runoff. However, to date there has been limited research into the use and performance of these systems in saline environments. This study compared the root and shoot biomass growth and nutrient uptake of five different plant species, Chrysopogon zizanioides, Baumea juncea, Isolepis nodosa, Phragmites australis and Sarcocornia quinqueflora, in three different saltwater treatments over a 12-week period. The aim of the study was to identify which of the plant species may be most suitable for use in CFWs in saline environments. Plant nutrient uptake testing revealed that Phragmites australis had the greatest percentage increase (1473–2477%) of Nitrogen mass in the shoots in all treatments. Sarcocornia quinqueflora also had impressive Nitrogen mass increase in saltwater showing an increase of 966% (0.208 ± 0.134 g). This suggests that the use of Phragmites australis and Sarcocornia quinqueflora plants in CFWs installed in saline water bodies, with regular harvesting of the shoot mass, may significantly reduce Nitrogen concentrations in the water. Isolepis nodosa had the greatest percentage increase (112% or 0.018 ± 0.020 g) of Phosphorous mass in the shoots in the saltwater treatment. Baumea juncea had the greatest percentage increase (315% or 0.026 ± 0.012 g) of Phosphorous mass in the roots in the saltwater treatment. This suggests that the use of Isolepis nodosa and Baumea juncea plants in CFWs installed in saline water bodies may significantly reduce Phosphorous concentrations in the water if there was a way to harvest both the shoots above and the roots below the CFWs. The study is continuing, and it is anticipated that more information will be available on CFW plants installed in saline environments in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stormwater Management in Urban Areas)
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20 pages, 3410 KiB  
Article
Joint Risk of Rainfall and Storm Surges during Typhoons in a Coastal City of Haidian Island, China
by Hongshi Xu, Kui Xu, Lingling Bin, Jijian Lian and Chao Ma
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(7), 1377; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071377 - 30 Jun 2018
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4521
Abstract
Public health risks from urban floods are a global concern. A typhoon is a devastating natural hazard that is often accompanied by heavy rainfall and high storm surges and causes serious floods in coastal cities. Affected by the same meteorological systems, typhoons, rainfall, [...] Read more.
Public health risks from urban floods are a global concern. A typhoon is a devastating natural hazard that is often accompanied by heavy rainfall and high storm surges and causes serious floods in coastal cities. Affected by the same meteorological systems, typhoons, rainfall, and storm surges are three variables with significant correlations. In the study, the joint risk of rainfall and storm surges during typhoons was investigated based on principal component analysis, copula-based probability analysis, urban flood inundation model, and flood risk model methods. First, a typhoon was characterized by principal component analysis, integrating the maximum sustained wind (MSW), center pressure, and distance between the typhoon center and the study area. Following this, the Gumbel copula was selected as the best-fit copula function for the joint probability distribution of typhoons, rainfall, and storm surges. Finally, the impact of typhoons on the joint risk of rainfall and storm surges was investigated. The results indicate the following: (1) Typhoons can be well quantified by the principal component analysis method. (2) Ignoring the dependence between these flood drivers can inappropriately underestimate the flood risk in coastal regions. (3) The co-occurrence probability of rainfall and storm surges increases by at least 200% during typhoons. Therefore, coastal urban flood management should pay more attention to the joint impact of rainfall and storm surges on flood risk when a typhoon has occurred. (4) The expected annual damage is 0.82 million dollars when there is no typhoon, and it rises to 3.27 million dollars when typhoons have occurred. This indicates that typhoons greatly increase the flood risk in coastal zones. The obtained results may provide a scientific basis for urban flood risk assessment and management in the study area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stormwater Management in Urban Areas)
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13 pages, 3399 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Capability of Grass Swale for the Rainfall Runoff Reduction from an Urban Parking Lot, Seoul, Korea
by Muhammad Shafique, Reeho Kim and Kwon Kyung-Ho
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(3), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030537 - 16 Mar 2018
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6967
Abstract
This field study elaborates the role of grass swale in the management of stormwater in an urban parking lot. Grass swale was constructed by using different vegetations and local soil media in the parking lot of Mapu-gu Seoul, Korea. In this study, rainfall [...] Read more.
This field study elaborates the role of grass swale in the management of stormwater in an urban parking lot. Grass swale was constructed by using different vegetations and local soil media in the parking lot of Mapu-gu Seoul, Korea. In this study, rainfall runoff was first retained in soil and the vegetation layers of the grass swale, and then infiltrated rainwater was collected with the help of underground perforated pipe, and passed to an underground storage trench. In this way, grass swale detained a large amount of rainwater for a longer period of time and delayed peak discharge. In this field study, various real storm events were monitored and the research results were analyzed to evaluate the performance of grass swale for managing rainfall runoff in an urban area. From the analysis of field experiments, grass swale showed the significant rainfall runoff retention in different rain events. Grass swale markedly reduced total rainfall runoff volume and peak flow during the small storm events of intensity about 30 mm/h. From the analysis, on average rainfall runoff retention from the grass swale was found around 40 to 75% during the various small rain events. From the results, we can say that grass swale is a stormwater mitigation practice which can help avoid flash flooding problems in urban areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stormwater Management in Urban Areas)
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14 pages, 5478 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Hydrologic Performance of Low Impact Development Scenarios in a Micro Urban Catchment
by Chunlin Li, Miao Liu, Yuanman Hu, Rongqing Han, Tuo Shi, Xiuqi Qu and Yilin Wu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(2), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020273 - 05 Feb 2018
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4170
Abstract
As urbanization progresses, increasingly impervious surfaces have changed the hydrological processes in cities and resulted in a major challenge for urban stormwater control. This study uses the urban stormwater model to evaluate the performance and costs of low impact development (LID) scenarios in [...] Read more.
As urbanization progresses, increasingly impervious surfaces have changed the hydrological processes in cities and resulted in a major challenge for urban stormwater control. This study uses the urban stormwater model to evaluate the performance and costs of low impact development (LID) scenarios in a micro urban catchment. Rainfall-runoff data of three rainfall events were used for model calibration and validation. The pre-developed (PreDev) scenario, post-developed (PostDev) scenario, and three LID scenarios were used to evaluate the hydrologic performance of LID measures. Using reduction in annual runoff as the goal, the best solutions for each LID scenario were selected using cost-effectiveness curves. The simulation results indicated that the three designed LID scenarios could effectively reduce annual runoff volumes and pollutant loads compared with the PostDev scenario. The most effective scenario (MaxPerf) reduced annual runoff by 53.4%, followed by the sponge city (SpoPerf, 51.5%) and economy scenarios (EcoPerf, 43.1%). The runoff control efficiency of the MaxPerf and SpoPerf scenarios increased by 23.9% and 19.5%, respectively, when compared with the EcoPerf scenario; however, the costs increased by 104% and 83.6%. The reduction rates of four pollutants (TSS, TN, TP, and COD) under the MaxPerf scenario were 59.8–61.1%, followed by SpoPerf (53.9–58.3%) and EcoPerf (42.3–45.4%), and the costs of the three scenarios were 3.74, 3.47 and 1.83 million yuan, respectively. These results can provide guidance to urban stormwater managers in future urban planning to improve urban water security. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stormwater Management in Urban Areas)
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